scholarly journals Safety as a key aspect in the creation of motor vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1(30)/2020) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Damian Kociemba
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Frontal Collisions

In this article, the authors attempt to define vehicle safety. They indicate selected elements of passive safety, which in their opinion contribute to a significant reduction in injury to those involved in various road accidents. The goal is to prove the following thesis: Safety is a key aspect of vehicle design. The results obtained during frontal collisions and presented by NHTSA in twelve reports are analysed. Six of these reports are from 1993-1997, the rest are from 2011-2016. In the final part of this work the authors indicate potential ways of developing safety in vehicles. Keywords: Vehicle safety, crumple zones, passive safety

scholarly journals Assessment of logistical support for road maintenance to manage road accidents in Vhembe district municipalities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bikam
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Deficit Model ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Vhembe District

This article discusses the problems of logistical support for road maintenance to manage road accidents in Vhembe district municipalities. A budget deficit model was used to explain the level of inadequate logistics support to manage operations and maintenance of municipal roads as a preventative measure against road accident and disaster risks. A hypothetical road maintenance deficit model informed by current literature on road maintenance was used to explain how cost of road maintenance increases exponentially if initial maintenance was not undertaken when the facility was newly constructed to draw the link between road maintenance and the risk of road accidents. Inadequate logistical support to address road maintenance backlogs in Vhembe district municipalities has been on the increase over the last 10 years. Current studies show that inadequate road maintenance can lead to the development of potholes – a major cause of road accidents and damages to motor vehicles. Literature on logistics support emphasises a comprehensive approach to road maintenance to provide a balance between funding, routine maintenance, quality of materials used for maintenance, use of stipulated specifications, the required maintenance technology, innovations and employment of qualified service providers to ensure quality roads and reduction of accidents on municipal roads.

scholarly journals Investigating the Availability and Usage of Seatbelts in Malawi for Policy Review and Formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Gibson Mpokonyoka Ngwira ◽  
Benjamin Bolaane ◽  
Bhagabat P. Parida
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Road Fatality ◽  
Major Factors

Road fatalities remain a major public health concern as over 1.3 million people across the world die in road accidents annually, and another 20-50 million sustain injuries. Malawi, with vehicle ownership about 437,416, has not been an exception to this, with reported fatality rates of 35 crash deaths per 100,000 population, possibly due to limited understanding of factors that contribute to such high road fatality rates. This may have resulted in implementing inappropriate and ineffective mitigation measures. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the availability, including their functionality and usage of seatbelts in motor vehicles, which could possibly be one of the major factors for increase in road fatalities. To establish the rates of availability, ncluding their functionality and usage of seatbelts in motor vehicles, primary data through survey for a sample of 1,200 vehicles were investigated. The independent ariables of data were cross tabulated with the dependent variables to establish these rates. Chi-square test was also performed to establish the significance of associations between the cross tabulated variables. The analysis found that Malawi’s drivers and assengers poorly comply with seatbelt laws. The overall seatbelt usage rate was 35.8%. In this regard, where over 90% of motor vehicles in Malawi have functional seatbelts, poor enforcement of existing seatbelt laws and awareness on the dangers of not using eatbelts could account for the low usage.

Contract Law Directions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Taylor ◽  
Damian Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Contract Law ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Creation

Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers at undergraduate level through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. Contract Law Directions is a comprehensive guide, now in its fifth edition, to all aspects of contract law. It is structured in four parts. Part One looks at the creation of obligations. It considers agreement, intention to create legal regulations, and consideration and estoppel. Part Two is about contents and borders and looks at positive terms, exemption clauses and misrepresentation. Part Three examines defects in terms of mistake, duress, undue influence and unconscionable bargains. The final part explains finishing and enforcing obligations. It analyses frustration, damages, specific remedies, and privity and the interests of third parties

scholarly journals Road Traffic Accidents by 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon'-A Study in Faridpur

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
ASMJ Chowdhury ◽  
MS Alam ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
RK Saha ◽  
AR Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Road traffic accidents in Bangladesh have been rapidly increasing with huge mortality through road accidents each year. There are many causes of road accidents in recent years; one important cause is running of locally made improvised three wheelers (flat bed tricycle) in the urban areas and also on the highways, popularly known as 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon'. This prospective study was carried out in Faridpur Medical College Hospital from January through June 2011, to study the accident patients caused by 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon'. Fifty six (12%) patients were of RTA by 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon' out of a total of 468 patients admitted into our hospital during this period. Most patients (41, 73.21%) were male, highest accidents (24, 42.86%) were observed among 21-30 years age group and most victims (33, 58.93%) were belonged to low socioeconomic status. Commonest (31, 55.36%) victims were passengers of 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon' while maximum number of accidents (46, 82.14%) took place in the urban areas and on the highways. Injury pattern of victims were similar to that found in any other road accident patients. These three wheelers 'Nasimon' and 'Karimon' are run in violating of Bangladesh Motor Vehicles Act (1983) as they are totally unfit for plying on the highways. Strict surveillance against these illegal and risky vehicles on the highways and in the urban areas by law enforcing agencies is required as a measure to reduce the burden of road accidents in our country.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i1.10289Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(1): 06-09

Application of Multicriteria Decision Making to Old Vehicle Elimination in Taiwan

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng ◽  
Sheng-Hshiung Tsaur
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Car Exhaust ◽  
Per Capita

As economic development has accelerated and per capita income has increased greatly in recent years in Taiwan, the number of motor vehicles has also increased remarkably. By the end of 1990, the number of passenger cars registered exceeded 2,330,000, and 19% of them have been in use for more than ten years. Judging from these statistics, the average of passenger cars in urban areas has risen. Some of the major negative influences which these old cars have created are outlined below: (a) Environment: air quality is affected by the increased amount of pollutants emitted in car exhaust as the cars age; (b) Energy: As cars age, the efficiency of energy use decreases in fuel consumption and operation costs; (c) Safety: As cars age, the rate of breakdown rises. This leads to more acidents or, at the very least, traffic jams when a car breaks down and obstructs traffic flow, thus increasing social costs. It is, indeed, necessary to get rid of these old cars. In this paper strategies to eliminate old vehicles have been laid out. Three objectives to be achieved are (a) improving the quality of the environment, (b) decreasing energy consumption, and (c) improving vehicle safety. Coordination with the community during government implementation of the strategy will also be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Driver’s Drowsiness Detection Based on Behavioural Changes using ResNet

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5708-5712
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Drowsiness Detection ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
The Road

Recently there has been growing interest in intelligent transportation system because the road accidents become biggest problems of mankind and the casualties of accident also increases rapidly every year. The casualties are very often witnessed in heavy and light motor vehicles. Moreover, the accidents occur mainly due to carelessness and drowsy feeling of the driver. Intelligent transportation systems use deep learning mechanism to detect drowsiness of the driver and alert the same to driver. It results in reduction of accidents. The driver’s behaviour during drowsiness is detected by three types of approaches. One approach deploys the sensors in steering wheel and accelerator of the vehicle and analyzes the signal sent by the sensors to detect the drowsiness. Second approach focuses on measuring the heart rate, pulse rate and brain signals etc to predict the drowsiness. Third approach uses the facial expression of the driver such as blinking rate of eye, eye closure and yawning etc. The cause for most of the road accidents is driver’s drowsiness. Therefore, in this paper, the behavioural changes of driver is accounted to detect the drowsiness of the driver. Eye movement and yawning are two behavioural changes of driver is considered in this paper. There are many CNN based deep learning architectures such AlexNet, VGGNet, ResNet. In this paper, we propose the drowsiness detection using ResNet because this method works on the principle of passing the output to the next la. The performance of proposed mechanism detects the drowsiness of the driver better than AlexNet and VGGNet.

scholarly journals Modeling of Performance And Safety of a Multi-Task Unmanned Autonomous Maritime Vehicle / Modelowanie Ruchu i Bezpieczeństwa Wielozadaniowego Bezzałogowego Autonomicznego Pojazdu Wodnego

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław K. Gerigk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Stabilization System ◽  
Vehicle Performance

Abstract At the beginning of the paper the aim of research is presented. Then the method is introduced. Next, the unmanned autonomous maritime vehicle is briefly described. The following chapter concerns a model of vehicle performance including the ballasting and motion. Some information on an integrated steering, positioning and stabilization system of the vehicle is briefly presented in the paper. Such the system enables to obtain a fully autonomous vehicle. In the final part of the paper some issues connected with the risk assessment and assessment of the vehicle safety are introduced.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Causes of Vehicle Accidents in Poland in 2009-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Emilia Szumska ◽  
Damian Frej ◽  
Paweł Grabski
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
Frontal Collisions

AbstractThe article presents the general characteristics of road transport safety in Poland over the years 2009-2019. The key objective of this study was to investigate the main factors of road accidents in Poland. Up till now, the number of road accidents has been analysed in detail on the basis of data on collisions from rear, side and frontal perspective. Moreover, in the article, statistics regarding the number of perpetrators of accidents by gender and age are summarized, as well as dynamics aspects of changes related to new passenger vehicles and trucks in Poland in 2009-2019 are indicated. As a result, the intensity of rear collisions rather than frontal collisions is apparent. Hence, an inconspicuous rear collision by not braking a speeding vehicle carries a risk of the upper cervical spine.

scholarly journals Determination of the Clustering Potential of the Machine-Building Industry in Zaporizhzhia Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Tеtіana Pulina ◽  
Nadiia Shmygol ◽  
Nikolai Somych ◽  
Oleksii Narivs'kyi ◽  
Peter Gudz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Equipment Production ◽  
The Creation

The possibilities of creating cluster associations of enterprises in the sub-branches of the Machine Building Industry in the Zaporizhzhia region by determining the clustering potential are considered. The potential of clustering of the engineering industry enterprises of the Zaporizhzhia region was assessed by using the localization coefficients, production per person and specialization of the industries. According to the results of the assessment of the clustering potential of the machine-building industry in Zaporizhzhia there are such five sub-sectors were identified in which the creation of clusters is possible: the production of computers, electronic and optical products, the production of electrical equipment, the production of machinery and equipment that are not assigned to other groupings, the production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other vehicles, the production of furniture and other products; repair and installation of machinery and equipment. It is proved the need to create a еlectric equipment production cluster in Zaporizhzhia region.

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