Ecological tourism in Russia and Scandinavia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Наталия Логинова ◽  
Nataliya Loginova ◽  
Валентина Костоварова ◽  
Valentina Kostovarova ◽  
Галина Чудайкина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
State Support ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Ecological Tourism

In recent years, in our country there is a significant growth of interest in such unusual trend in tourism as ecological tourism. Ecotourism is a kind of nature tourism, which brings together people who want to be as close as possible to nature. The very concept of "ecotourism" for our country is a relatively new, but in Western Europe, USA, Canada, Australia and other countries such kind of rest has already gained a lot of popularity. In Russia, despite the opportunities for development of this trend, ecotourism is underdeveloped. This article defines the concept of "ecotourism", describes the peculiarities of this type of tourism, and lists the main requirements for eco-tours. The authors give the main reasons hindering the development of eco-tourism in our country. The authors consider in detail the Nordic countries as an example of the highest level of eco-tourism organizing. Currently, it is one of the most popular destinations for eco-tourists. The Nordic countries, namely Norway, Sweden and Denmark, provide great opportunities for the ecotourism development. It is promoted by the magnificent nature, picturesque landscapes, good level of state support and protection of national parks and reserves, the interest of the local population in maintaining the ecotourism facilities in proper state and creation of comfortable conditions for recreation of foreign and domestic tourists, who prefer to spend their holidays or a weekend surrounded by nature. There are solutions for active rest and relaxing vacation, which allows the Nordic countries to attract more and more eco-tourists year by year.

scholarly journals NATURE PARK AS A RESOURCE FOR NATURE BASED TOURISM

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agita Livina ◽  
Mahender Reddy
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
City Park

The aim of this comparative article is to show the differences between the visitors' purposes and habits in two national parks: Gauja National Park (GNP) in Latvia and Kasu Bramhananda Reddy National Park (KBR) in Hyderabad, Telangana in India. As well as that, the article aims at highlighting differences in the functional use of the national parks and their locations in the urban and rural context. The study has used the secondary data analysis, such as the analysis and overview of the literature, previously conducted studies and information sources, visitors’ surveys in the national parks, and the exploration of the park areas for the evaluation of tourism infrastructure. The results of the study show distinct differences in the national park functions, target groups and their needs. The main target group in KBR is local inhabitants of the million city, and the national park basically fulfils the function of a city park –it is a green area for passive and active (jogging) leisure rather than a nature tourism offer. GNP has three target groups: the local population for a healthy leisure time, domestic visitors and foreign visitors for nature and cultural purposes. Thus, KBR status as a national park is misleading for the international traveller. In the future research it is planned to compare GNP with a national park in India which is located outside the urban environment, carrying out an in-depth study of visitors’ opinion on the purpose and elements of infrastructure.

scholarly journals ECOTOURISM IN RUSSIA: MAIN DESTINATIONS AND TOURIST ARRIVALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Александр ДОРОФЕЕВ ◽  
Alexander DOROFEEV ◽  
Лидия БОГДАНОВА ◽  
Lidiy BOGDANOVA ◽  
Елена ХОХЛОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
The People ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Areas ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Protected Natural Areas ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Ecological Tourism ◽  
Specially Protected Areas

The concept of “ecological tourism” both in the world and in Russia has appeared in the second half of the twentieth century, although people traveled with natural-focused purposes, including around the protected areas, much earlier. The article presents several definitions of ecotourism, including the two given by the authors. The authors note that ecotourism can be developed in two ways: as a journey on any remaining natural areas or as tour, excursion exclusively within specially protected natural areas (SPNA). The second option is successfully developed in many Englishspeaking countries. The article confirms this fact using the original modern data on the dynamics of visits to the most famous national parks in the USA. Based on the analysis of literature and Internet sources it is concluded that the governance of the Russian Federation considers it necessary to develop eco-tourism in our country according to the second “North American” concept. In this case, the people attending the state protected areas – national parks and reserves with educational and recreational goals should be considered as eco-tourists. Based on this assumption the authors of the article give modern official data concerning the number of specially protected areas of different types in Russia as main destinations of ecotourism. The article presents the diagrams showing the quantitative characteristics of the infrastructure for ecotourists in specially protected areas: visitor centers, museums, ecological paths and routes. The dynamics of tourist arrivals in the reserves and national parks of Russia for the period 2001-2016 years is analyzed. In the final part of the article the main problems of eco-tourists recording are identified.

Prolegomena to the Romanian Sociology and Historiography of Food

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Bogdan Bucur
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Local Population ◽  
South American ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
The People ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Sociology Of Food

AbstractThis article examines the dietary habits of the predominantly rural (and also urban) population from Romania, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In order to access valid data regarding the diet of the local population, we used the analysis of social documents: journals and memoirs of foreign travelers transiting the Romanian Principalities (Wallachia and Moldavia) throughout the nineteenth century, respectively the monographic research of the Sociological School of Bucharest published mainly in the magazine called Sociologie Românească (1936-1942). At various points in time, we employed comparisons between the diet of the people from urban and rural environments, or between the food regimens of adults and children, correlations between the dietary habits and health status of the population, and between the dietary habits from Romania and those from other European and South American countries. A reading of the current article reveals certain a continuity, for hundreds of years, concerning the deficient dietary regimen of the Romanian peasant, who relied heavily on mămăligă, eaten together with several dairy products. Another conclusion is that, in the rural environment, food scarcity was not economically conditioned: even in the relatively prosperous households that were supplied with all the necessary aliments, women prepared plain, tasteless dishes, because they did not know how to cook. And finally, from a theoretical perspective, in this article we aim to address the rural roots of Romanian historiography and sociology of food (which we shall attempt to examine against similar scientific approaches from Western Europe).

National parks and reserves of Western Europe

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
F.B. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Western Europe

scholarly journals FORMING THE LOCAL AUXILIARY POLICE AND ENGAGING ITS SUBDIVISIONS IN PUNITIVE OPERATIONS OF NAZI INVADERS ON THE TERRITORY OF ZHYTOMYR REGION IN 1941

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-239
Author(s):  
Іван Васильович Ковальчук
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Dirty Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
Relationship Of

The article considers the process of the Ukrainian local police formation within the structure of the auxiliary Ukrainian administration. It was determined that both Organizations of Ukrainian Nationalists had taken an active part in the process. The members of their march units arrived in Zhytomyr region. During the period of military administration the Nazi occupation authority specified the number of military personnel, the main functions and direct reporting relationship of the Ukrainian auxiliary police. Originally, the given formation was qualified as the public organization subordinated to the local authorities, however, commandant's offices could engage it to perform their tasks. Its aggregate number could not exceed 1% of the population of a specific populated locality. The main function of the auxiliary police was to tackle crime and protect different objects. In its arsenal, the police had the captured Soviet rifles and a set of 5 cartridges for each one. Within a short period of time the whole network of the auxiliary police was established on the territory of Zhytomyr region. It consisted of country commands, district, municipal and regional divisions.Among the governing bodies and municipal police, for example, in Zhytomyr city, there were many of those who came from Western Ukraine and political immigrants from Western Europe who arrived on the territory occupied by Nazi after the beginning of the Soviet-German war. Nevertheless, after some time the occupation authorities at first resorted to a dissolution of the Ukrainian auxiliary police formations, and then it was re-structured and staffed according to new plans and Nazi perspective. In that format the Ukrainian auxiliary police were fully deprived of both Organizations of Ukrainian Nationalists influence, imbedded into the occupation structure and had to carry out the dirty work Nazi could not do because of lack of human resources and means. Since that time Nazi occupation authorities engaged officials from different divisions and departments of the local auxiliary police in their punitive actions against the local population, in particular in a genocide of specific ethnic groups.

scholarly journals TAPAK EKOLOGI KEPARIWISATAAN ALAM PADA ZONA PEMANFAATAN DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI (TNGM) (Konsep Pengembangan Kepariwisataan Alam Tematik Tapak Kawasan Kalikuning-Kaliadem Sebagai Kawasan Budaya Vulkanik )

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Muhamad Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Cultural Ecological ◽  
Ecological Tourism

Merapi forest ecosystem has a very important ecological value for the Merapi region in particular and the districts (Sleman, Magelang, Boyolali, Klaten) in general. The ecosystem has given area function as a provider of environmental services and natural tourism, as a place of biodiversity, water catchment areas. Protected forests around Kalikuning-Kaliadem has tropical rainforest vegetation species are very specific. Objective assessment tread design of nature tourism at Merapi Mount can provide a reference to the zone setting function space utilization for the development of nature tourism. The method used in this research is the interpretation and assessment and see the diversity of tropical rain forest ecosystem and its interaction with topografi hill-slopes are capable of becoming a new destination in the development of ecological tourism. Interpretation can be packaged in the form of interpretation and information ecosystems located area in Kalikuning nature. The results showed that the protected forest that is Kalikuning-Kaliadem TNGM can be used as a development site volcanic areas of cultural, ecological, and the very high of community interaction rescuers around.

scholarly journals Assessment of losses to the local population due to restrictions on their ownership rights to land and property assets: The case of the Tunkinsky National Park, Russia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251383
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Maksanova ◽  
Taisiya Bardakhanova ◽  
Natalia Lubsanova ◽  
Darima Budaeva ◽  
Arnold Tulokhonov
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
Actual Damage ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
The Impact

The impact of protected areas on local communities is the subject of intense discussions as part of the implementation of the global ecosystem protection agenda. Conflicts between the interests of environmental protection and the needs of socio-economic development become particularly acute when large areas of land are taken out of economic circulation as a result of organizing protected areas. In this case, there is an urgent need for detailed and reliable information about the social impacts of such land withdrawal on the well-being of the local population. An analysis of the methodological approaches widely presented in the literature, used to assess the social impact of protected areas, testifies to the insufficiency of completed and practically applicable methodological guidelines for the areas with significant restrictions for people who form part of the protected landscape. In this study, we understand the cost estimate of the social impact of national parks on the local population as a quantitative calculation of the losses due to restrictions on their ownership rights to land and property assets. The methodological approach consists in considering the category of losses as a sum total of the actual damage and lost profits. The assessment algorithm includes three stages: systematization of social impacts on citizens, development of indicators and data collection, and calculation of actual damage to the population and lost profits. The assessment is performed using the example of the Tunkinsky National Park located in the Tunkinsky municipal district of the Republic of Buryatia, a region of the Russian Federation, where there are 14 rural settlements with a population of more than 20,000 people. The results of the calculations show that the losses of the rural population due to legal restrictions on the registration of land dealings amount to 170.4 million USD. Taking into account the potential amount of administrative fines and the value of property subject to demolition, the losses amount to 239.2 million USD. It is more than an order of magnitude greater than the amount of own revenues of the Tunkinsky municipal district in 2011–2019. The results obtained demonstrate the real picture of the impact of restrictions on the rights of local people to land within the boundaries of national parks and are useful for developing measures to account for their interests and include protected areas in the socio-economic development of regions. The methodological approach developed by the authors can be used in other national parks, where it is necessary to optimize the policy of improving land use for local residents.

Sınır Kentlerindeki Suriyelilerin ve Yerleşik Halkın Güvenlik Algıları: Gaziantep, İzmir ve Szeged Örneği

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-36
Author(s):  
Bezen Coşkun ◽  
Tuğçe Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Local People ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Refugee Policies ◽  
International Refugee Regime

Savaşın başladığı 2011 yılından itibaren milyonlarca Suriyeli çeşitli rotaları takip ederek önce komşu ülkelere daha sonra da Avrupa içlerine doğru hareket etmiştir. Türkiye’de Gaziantep ve İzmir, Macaristan’da ise Szeged Suriyelilerin Batı Avrupa’ya doğru uzanan göç rotasının değişik noktalarında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Suriyelilerin Kuzey Suriye - Batı Avrupa göç rotasının giriş, transit ve çıkış noktalarında yer alan bu üç şehirdeki Suriyelilerin ve buralarda yaşayan yerel halkın güvenlik algılarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak analiz, yorumcu (interpretivist) bir perspektiften yapılacaktır. Çalışma Gaziantep’te 2011-2015, İzmir’de 2015-2017 ve Szeged’de 2015-2017 yılları arasında yapılan gözlemlere, yapılandırılmamış veya yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelere dayanmaktadır. Böylece Suriyeli mültecilerin ve yerel halkın güvenlik algıları insani güvenliği kavramsal çerçevesinde karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan karşılaştırma sonucunda üç kentte de Suriyelilerin ve yerel halkın güvenlik algılarının, o şehrin göç rotasının hangi noktasında bulunduğu, uluslararası mülteci rejimi ve ulusal düzeydeki mülteci politikalarından etkilenmiş olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHHuman Security Perceptions of Syrians and the Local People in Border Provinces of Gaziantep, Izmir and SzegedSince the beginning of the war in 2011, millions of Syrians have left their country by following the various routes to move into neighbouring countries first, then into Europe. Gaziantep and Izmir in Turkey and Szeged in Hungary are situated at the different points of Syrian migration route from Northern Syria to Western Europe. This study aims to explore the security perceptions of Syrians and the local people living in these cities. For this purpose, an interpretivist approach was taken. The study is based on observations, unstructured and semi-structured interviews that were conducted in Gaziantep İzmir and Szeged between 2011 and 2017. Security perceptions of Syrian refugees and local people were compared within the context of human security perspective. The study found that the security perceptions of Syrians and the local population in three cities were affected by the position of these cities at the migration route, international refugee regime and refugee policies at the national level.

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