Cercariae Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis from first intermediate hosts for the first time in basin of Chany lake (Novosibirsk region, Russia) is found

Objective of research: to perform the analysis of long-term (15 annum) dynamics of Bithyniidae snails infected by trematode parthenites from the Chany Lake, the biggest lake in the south of Western Siberia. Materials and methods: The Bithyniidae snails examined in the lake-river systems Chany Lake in 1994-2013 (in the middle reaches and in the estuary of the Kargat River) and in the Zolotye Rossypi Bay and the Malye Chany Lake. The Bithyniidae snails were collected from May to September (twice in any ten days) by hand from 4–6 plots of 0.25 m2 at a depth of 0.1–0.7 m. In total, 8,316 Bithynia troscheli (Paasch, 1842) and 766 В. tentaculata (L., 1758) were examined. Identification of parthenitae trematode was based on observation when mature cercariae were capable of leaving the shell of the host snail on their own. Results and discussion: In Bithyniidae snails, we found parthenites from trematodes from 12 families Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 Poche, 1925; Prosthоgonimidae Luhe, 1909; Pleurogenetidae Looss, 1898; Lecithodendriidae Odhner, 1911; Microphallidae (Ward, 1901) Travassos, 1920; Plagiorchiidae Lühe, 1901 Echinostomatidae (Looss 1899) Dietz, 1909 Odhner 1910); Psilostomidae (Looss 1900) Odhner 1913; Notocotylidae Luhe, 1909; Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911; Cyclocoelidae Kossack, 1911 и Opisthorchidae (Lass, 1899) Braun, 1901. The prevalence of bithyniid snails infected by trematode parthenites varied from 1,6% to 24,1% in different years The double infection by trematode parthenites was found in 0,96% bithyniid snails from estuary of the Kargat River; 4,45% in the Malye Chany Lake, and 26,6%, in the Zolotye Rossypi Bay. The cercariae of Opisthorchidae family in four annum of the fifteen detected. The prevalence of bithyniid snails infected by trematode parthenites from Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) was observed in Chany Lake systems for the first time. Both species (O. felineus and M. bilis) of trematodes have danger to human health and causes very dangerous disease, opisthorchiasis and metorchiasis.

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Morphobiological characteristics of trematode cercariae of the families Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2019-6-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 71-78

Author(s):

О. M. Bonina ◽

Е. А. Serbina

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Western Siberia ◽

The Body ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Body Structure ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Bithynia Tentaculata ◽

Morphobiological Characteristics

The results of studying the body structure of trematode cercariae of the families Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae and the features of their development in Western Siberia are presented. The data of long-term (1994–2019) studies on the spread of these pathogens of dangerous parasitic diseases in humans and animals are analyzed and summarized. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods in parasitology and hydrobiology. The species afﬁ liation of trematodes was determined in laboratory conditions on mature cercariae that independently left the shells of the host mollusks Bithynia tentaculata and B. troscheli. It was noted that the trematodes of the Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae families at the cercaria stage have the following similar features: a simple tail, pigmented eyes, and one oral sucking cup. Diagnosis of trematode cercariae of Opisthorchiidae and Notocotylidae families is possible by the following signs: the tail of the opisthorchis cercaria has a swimming membrane and is 2 times longer than the body, the tail of the notocotylid has no swimming membrane and is approximately equal in length to the body. Opisthor-chis cercariae have two pigment eyes, notocotilids – three. In the life cycle of opisthorchis, there are two intermediate hosts (bitinia and ﬁ sh), in the notocotylid cycle, one (bitinia). Opisthorchis cercariae have penetration glands, but notocotylids do not; the maximum daily emission of opisthorchis cercariae is ten times higher than that of notocotylids (6672 and 422 cercariae, respectively). The ability to diagnose opisthorchis and notocotilid at the cercaria stage allows the identiﬁ cation of local foci of epidemiologically and epizootically dangerous diseases.

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On the Structure and Life-histories of British Fresh-water Larval Trematodes

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000022897 ◽

1929 ◽

Vol 21 (1-2) ◽

pp. 189-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

W. F. Harper

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Life Histories ◽

The Other ◽

Trematode Species ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Double Infection ◽

Activity Duration ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Limnaea Stagnalis ◽

First Time

A large number of fresh-water Invertebrates has been examined and the parasites obtained from them include examples of the commoner groups to be met with in any area surveyed. Six larval Trematodes have been described in detail, and by means of direct animal experiment two of them have been definitely related to known adults. Of these two one is the larva of Notocotylus seineti Fuhr., and is doubtfully Cercaria monostomi v. Linst., while the other is the larva of Echinoparyphium recurvatum v. Linst., and is described here in detail for the first time. The four xiphidiocercariae described are new. Data relating to the activity, duration of free life, and process of encystment of cercariae within the bodies of secondary intermediate hosts is also given.Effect of the parasite on the host. The disruption of the tissues brought about by the presence of sporocysts or rediae in the liver of a mollusc injures the host, and in many cases brings about its death. The gonads also are often attacked and completely destroyed. This latter feature of parasitic castration has been observed by Giard (1888) among certain species of Limnaea, Planorbis and Paludina attacked by sporocysts. Brown (1926) states that the gonads are rarely infected. As regards the encysted stages of cercariae these appear to do very little harm to their hosts even when present in large numbers. These observations are in agreement with those of Lebour (1912) for the sporocyst, rediae, and encysted stages of marine Trematodes.Double infection. I have found no instance of a double infection among the species described. In the literature, several records show the parasitism of two or more species of cercariae, within one and the same host. The occurrence of two species is most commonly met with, and as a rule one is in predominance. Sewell (1922) states that double infection is not common in India. Faust (1917), on the other hand, has found as many as four trematode species within the same host individual (Planorbis trivolis). Hesse (1923) states that “every large Limnaea peregra examined was heavily infected with sporocysts of either of the two species, but it was rare to find both together.” Brown (1926) in the neighbourhood of Birmingham has found three examples of associated xiphidiocercariae and furcocercariae, one example of xiphidiocercariae and echinostome cercariae, and two examples of echinostome cercaria, all from Limnaea stagnalis L.

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GENETIC VARIABILITY AND POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION OF OPISTHORCHIS FELINEUS (TREMATODA) FROM WEST SIBERIA RIVERS

Ecological genetics ◽

10.17816/ecogen10310-16 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 10-16

Author(s):

Oksana N Zhigileva ◽

Daria V Zenovkina ◽

Tatyana A Zamyatina

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Population Differentiation ◽

Western Siberia ◽

West Siberia ◽

Cyprinid Fish ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Opisthorchis Felineus ◽

Low Level

Genetic variability in Opisthorchis felineus from 6 Western Siberia rivers was studied using allozyme and multilocus DNA markers. Genetic subdivision of populations and the spatial genetic variability in O. felineus maritas were found to be the same when using two methods of analysis, but differed from these indices in metacercariae. Metacercariae from ide, dace and roach were not genetically different, indicating the absence of hostal subpopulations of the parasite. Low level of O. felineus genetic variability is not consistent with a pronounced population structure of intermediate hosts — Cyprinid fish.

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Vocabulary of fishery and water spaces of the Konda territory in the aspect of the nomination principles

Bulletin of Ugric studies ◽

10.30624/2220-4156-2021-11-1-33-43 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 33-43

Author(s):

Yu. V. Islamova ◽

◽

M. G. Baksheeva ◽

A. N. Brusnitsyn ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Russian Language ◽

Significant Information ◽

The North ◽

River Region ◽

Ancient Times ◽

First Time

Introduction: fishery in the North of Western Siberia has since ancient times been one of the main occupations for both indigenous people and the newcomers. Due to the natural, climatic and geographical conditions of the territory, fishery here has a number of features related to its ways and methods, tools, etc. The peculiarity also lies in the fact that there is a mixture of traditions of indigenous peoples and newcomers in the fishery of the region. In this regard, there is a variety of vocabulary that reveals all aspects of this type of activity. The linguistic realities of one of the oldest crafts need to be studied since they contain significant information about the culture of long-term contacting ethnic groups, their ideas about the world. Objective: to examine the vocabulary of fishery and water spaces in the semantic and etymological aspect; to identify the principles of its nomination. Research materials: the vocabulary of fishery and water spaces collected in Kondinsky District of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. Results and novelty of the research: the relevance of the work is due to the attention of modern linguistics to lexical layers that have a linguistic potential, as well as the incomplete study of the researched vocabulary. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the fishery vocabulary of the territory of Konda River region is carried out: its origin is established; the nomination principles are studied. As a result, it was found that the vocabulary of fishery and water spaces is etymologically heterogeneous. It includes all-Russian language units, units of Russian dialect origin, and lexemes with Ugric roots. The principles of nomination are universal for both Russian and Ugric names.

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First Insights into the Diverse Human Archaeome: Specific Detection of Archaea in the Gastrointestinal Tract, Lung, and Nose and on Skin

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00824-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Kaisa Koskinen ◽

Manuela R. Pausan ◽

Alexandra K. Perras ◽

Michael Beck ◽

Corinna Bang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Human Health ◽

Potential Role ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Biogeographic Patterns ◽

Processing Pipeline ◽

Health And Disease ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT Human-associated archaea remain understudied in the field of microbiome research, although in particular methanogenic archaea were found to be regular commensals of the human gut, where they represent keystone species in metabolic processes. Knowledge on the abundance and diversity of human-associated archaea is extremely limited, and little is known about their function(s), their overall role in human health, or their association with parts of the human body other than the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity. Currently, methodological issues impede the full assessment of the human archaeome, as bacteria-targeting protocols are unsuitable for characterization of the full spectrum of Archaea. The goal of this study was to establish conservative protocols based on specifically archaea-targeting, PCR-based methods to retrieve first insights into the archaeomes of the human gastrointestinal tract, lung, nose, and skin. Detection of Archaea was highly dependent on primer selection and the sequence processing pipeline used. Our results enabled us to retrieve a novel picture of the human archaeome, as we found for the first time Methanobacterium and Woesearchaeota (DPANN superphylum) to be associated with the human gastrointestinal tract and the human lung, respectively. Similar to bacteria, human-associated archaeal communities were found to group biogeographically, forming (i) the thaumarchaeal skin landscape, (ii) the (methano)euryarchaeal gastrointestinal tract, (iii) a mixed skin-gastrointestinal tract landscape for the nose, and (iv) a woesearchaeal lung landscape. On the basis of the protocols we used, we were able to detect unexpectedly high diversity of archaea associated with different body parts. IMPORTANCE In summary, our study highlights the importance of the primers and data processing pipeline used to study the human archaeome. We were able to establish protocols that revealed the presence of previously undetected Archaea in all of the tissue samples investigated and to detect biogeographic patterns of the human archaeome in the gastrointestinal tract and on the skin and for the first time in the respiratory tract, i.e., the nose and lungs. Our results are a solid basis for further investigation of the human archaeome and, in the long term, discovery of the potential role of archaea in human health and disease. IMPORTANCE In summary, our study highlights the importance of the primers and NGS data processing pipeline used to study the human archaeome. We were able to establish protocols that revealed the presence of previously undetected Archaea in all of the tissue samples investigated and to detect biogeographic patterns of the human archaeome in the gastrointestinal tract, on the skin, and for the first time in the respiratory tract, i.e., the nose and lungs. Our results are a solid basis for further investigation of the human archaeome and, in the long term, discovery of the potential role of archaea in human health and disease.

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On the Helminth Fauna of the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)) in the Barnim District of Brandenburg State/Germany

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2444

Author(s):

Rolf K. Schuster ◽

Peter Specht ◽

Siegfried Rieger

Keyword(s):

Flood Control ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Other ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Opisthorchis Felineus ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Burrowing Activity ◽

Fur Animals ◽

First Time ◽

Plagiorchis Elegans

The muskrat is a neozoon species that has occupied many countries of continental North Europe after its introduction from north America as fur animals. Due to its burrowing activity it damages river and canal banks and structures of flood control. For this reason, the eradication of this alien species is recommended. Muskrats are also of parasitological interest since they can act as suitable intermediate hosts for Echinococcus multilocularis. On the other hand, little is known on the other helminths that infect muskrats. A total of 130 muskrats of different age groups trapped in different habitats in the Barnim district of the Brandenburg state by a professional hunter were examined for parasites and seven trematodes (Echinostoma sp., Notocotylus noyeri, Plagiorchis elegans, Plagiorchis arvicolae, Psilosostoma simillimum, P. spiculigerum, Opisthorchis felineus and four larval cestode species (Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Taenia martis, Taenia polyacantha, Taenia crassiceps) were detected. Larval stages of E. multilocularis were not found. O. felineus was found for the first time in muskrats in Germany. All the named parasites were present in Europe prior to the introduction of muskrats. With a prevalence of 48.9%, Strobilocercus fasciolaris, the larval stage of the cat tapeworm, H. taeniaeformis, was the most frequent parasite found in adult muskrats.

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Treatment of bee families without drugs, or a zootechnical method of combating diseases of bees

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2021-59-2-115-124 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115-124

Author(s):

V. G. Kashkovsky ◽

A. A. Plakhova

Keyword(s):

Western Siberia ◽

The United States ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

The European Union ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

The Cost ◽

First Time ◽

Bee Colonies ◽

All Diseases

Today all the monographs, recommendations, instructions, and technologies after the successful experiments on the treatment of bees against European spot disease with penicillin, there are instructions from the NIP (Research Institute of Prevention) to use antibiotics to the treatment of all bee diseases, but especially in the form of prophylactic supplementation. Many antibiotics (chloramphenicol) and nitrofuran-based medicines are now being produced. In addition, all new medications are intensively recommended in all issues of Beekeeping magazine. These drugs are often newly invented, untested remedies that are advertised as a panacea for all diseases. Antibiotics are introduced into honey and bee-bees in the treatment and prevention of bee diseases. When such products are consumed, people develop various diseases with severe and even incurable consequences. With this in mind, the European Union and the United States do not buy and even strictly prohibit honey from China, Brazil, Argentina and Turkey across borders. The Department of Biology, Bioresources and Aquaculture at Novosibirsk State Agrarian University has for the first time developed a technology for keeping bees without the use of drugs. The long-term use of this technology in the apiaries of Western Siberia has made it possible to achieve good preservation of bee families and high honey yields. In addition, the cost of beekeeping products has fallen dramatically, as farms have stopped spending huge sums on purchasing medicines. Scientists have improved and successfully applied heat treatment of bee colonies to combat varroaatosis, nosematosis and viral diseases.

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Plasticenta: Microplastics in Human Placenta

10.1101/2020.07.15.198325 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Ragusa ◽

Alessandro Svelato ◽

Criselda Santacroce ◽

Piera Catalano ◽

Valentina Notarstefano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Human Health ◽

Endocrine Disruptors ◽

Human Placenta ◽

The Other ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Living Organisms ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Summary paragraphMicroplastics are particles smaller than five millimetres obtained from the degradation of plastic objects abandoned in the environment. Microplastics can move from the environment to living organisms and, in fact, they have been found in fishes and mammals.Six human placentas, prospectively collected from consenting women with uneventful pregnancies, were analyzed by Raman Microspectroscopy to evaluate the presence of microparticles. Detected microparticles were characterized in terms of morphology and chemical composition.12 microparticles, ranging from 5 to 10 μm in size, were found in 4 out of 6 placentas: 5 in the foetal side, 4 in the maternal side and 3 in the chorioamniotic membranes. All the analyzed microparticles were pigmented: three of them were identified as stained polypropylene, while for the other nine it was possible to identify only the pigments, which are all used for man-made coatings, paints and dyes.Here we show, for the first time, the presence of microparticles and microplastics in human placenta. This sheds new light on the impact of plastic on human health. Microparticles and microplastics in the placenta, together with the endocrine disruptors transported by them, could have long-term effects on human health.

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Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 89-99

Author(s):

K. Choudhary ◽

M. Singh ◽

M. S. Rathore ◽

N. S. Shekhawat

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Continuous Application ◽

First Time ◽

Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

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An Evaluation of Provincial Macroeconomic Performance in Vietnam

Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.33301/2017.19.02.02 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 34-47

Author(s):

Hoi Le Quoc ◽

Nam Pham Xuan ◽

Tuan Nguyen Anh

Keyword(s):

Development Strategy ◽

Institutional Transformation ◽

Economic Indicators ◽

Macroeconomic Performance ◽

Economic Development Strategy ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

The Cost ◽

Development Objectives ◽

First Time

The study was targeted at developing a methodology for constructing a macroeconomic performance index at a provincial level for the first time in Vietnam based on 4 groups of measurements: (i) Economic indicators; (ii) oriented economic indicators; (iii) socio-economic indicators; and (iv) economic - social – institutional indicators. Applying the methodology to the 2011 - 2015 empirical data of all provinces in Vietnam, the research shows that the socio-economic development strategy implemented by those provinces did not provide balanced outcomes between growth and social objectives, sustainability and inclusiveness. Many provinces focused on economic growth at the cost of structural change, equality and institutional transformation. In contrast, many provinces were successful in improving equality but not growth. Those facts threaten the long-term development objectives of the provinces.

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