Calculation of specific labor costs of two technological processes of preparation of assortments

10.12737/3099 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
M. Kolominova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Costs ◽  
Technological Processes

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE-TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE POTATO HARVESTING MACHINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Sergiy Hrushetskiy ◽  
Vitaliy Yaropud
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Comprehensive Mechanization ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Working Bodies

For Ukraine's successful entry into Western markets, it is necessary to ensure the competitiveness of its own products, which is achieved through comprehensive mechanization of technological processes, reducing labor costs, increasing yields and quality of products. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of structural and technological schemes of potato harvesters identified the most appropriate direction to improve existing and create new designs of potato harvesters, undermining working bodies and separators and substantiation of structural and technological parameters. The research was carried out by technological and structural analysis of technologies and machines for harvesting potatoes. In the process of research methods of comparison and mathematical modeling of technological processes were used. The information base of the research was the work of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on technologies and machines for potato harvesting. Based on a comparative analysis of technologies and machines for harvesting potatoes revealed the main processes affecting the agronomic performance of harvesting equipment, as well as the principles of influence of different separators on the potato heap showed that they use inefficient types of deformation, namely: impact and compression. Instead, studies suggest that tensile and shear deformations are much more effective, which are not realized in the current designs of the separators, or are only partially realized. On the basis of complex researches the technological scheme of the potato digger which working bodies (a ploughshare-shelf digger and a drum separator interact with a potato heap through deformations of a tension and shift that allows to separate effectively soil in various conditions of harvesting of tubers and other constructive and kinematic parameters is offered. potato harvester.

Technologies and machines for the production of potatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
И.Н. Гаспарян ◽  
А.Г. Левшин ◽  
И.Г. Голубев ◽  
С.В. Щиголев ◽  
Ш.В. Гаспарян
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time

В статье проанализирован мировой рынок с.-х. техники, ее особенности совершенствования за счет усложнения конструкций и активного внедрения технологий точного земледелия. Рассмотрены вопросы изменения российского парка сельхозмашин, который продолжительное время идет на спад по всем основным видам техники. Число тракторов в российском парке сократилось на 18,4%, комбайнов на 16,2%, в том числе картофелеуборочных машин. Сокращение имеющейся в отечественном парке сельхозтехники закономерно снижает обеспеченность сельхозмашинами в пересчете на 1000 га пахотной площади. Более детально рассмотрены применяемые механизированные технологии возделывания картофеля в РФ и необходимая для этого специальная техника, так как при выборе технологии необходимо учитывать всю систему машин от посадки до уборки. Дана характеристика основных распространенных в России механизированных технологий возделывания картофеля: традиционной, голландской, грядово-ленточной, гриммовской, гребневой. Представлена информация по технологическим процессам посадки и уборки, на которые приходится значительная часть эксплуатационных и трудовых затрат. Для реализации этих технологических процессов требуется использовать специальную технику, которая сильно разнится по производительности и особенностям применения в различных климатических условиях и объемах производства. В качестве примера использования комплекса такой техники охарактеризована система производства в крупнотоварном хозяйстве, ЗАО «Озеры» (Московская область). Потребность в технике для картофелеводства остается высокой и необходимо развивать отечественное машиностроение с учетом мировых достижений в этой области. The article analyzes the world market of agricultural machinery, its features of improvement due to the complication of designs and the active introduction of precision farming technologies. The issues of changing the Russian fleet of agricultural machinery are considered, which has been declining for a long time in all major types of equipment. The number of tractors in the Russian fleet decreased by 18.4%, combines by 16.2%, including potato harvesters. The reduction of agricultural machinery available in the domestic fleet naturally reduces the availability of agricultural machinery in terms of 1000 ha of arable land. The mechanized technologies of potato cultivation in the Russian Federation and the special equipment required for this are considered in more detail, since when choosing a technology, it is necessary to take into account the entire system of machines from planting to harvesting. The characteristics of the main mechanized technologies of potato cultivation common in Russia is given: traditional, Dutch, ridge-ribbon, Grimme, comb technologies. Information is provided on the technological processes of planting and harvesting, which account for a significant part of the operating and labor costs. To implement these technological processes, it is required to use special equipment, which varies greatly in performance and application characteristics in various climatic conditions and production volumes. As an example of the use of a complex of such equipment, the production system in a large-scale farm, CJSC Ozery (Moscow region), is described. The need for equipment for potato growing remains high and it is necessary to develop domestic mechanical engineering, taking into account the world achievements in this area.

PECULIARITIES OF PRODUCTION AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTION AND TECHNICAL EXPLOITATION OF THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE AGROTECHSERVICE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Yusifov Samad Nuraddin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Operating Level ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Technical Production

The purpose of the article is to improve the production and technical exploitation of the machine-tractor fleet and the efficient use of machinery in the service area with the use of application of resuscitation techniques. The methodology and methods used are the theoretical and methodological basis of the research work of our country and foreign scientists on the technical maintenance of agricultural production, the organization and effective functioning of the institutions implementing it. Here a number of methods of analysis of mass service theory and graph theory are used. The main scientific novelty of the results is the use of integrated indicators to mechanize technological processes in the context of existing structural features of agricultural production, to increase the operating level of the machine-tractor fleet. The production and technical exploitation depends on the level of technical maintenance of the process. The results of the research are joint review of “production and technical exploitation” and resuscitation techniques in ensuring the mechanization of technological processes in the context of existing structural features of agricultural production; the use of a comprehensive indicator for assessing the operational level of the machine-tractor fleet; development of the model of production and technical exploitation of the fleet based on four groups that characterize the usefulness of organizational, technical and technological measures, as well as methods of increasing the level of technical service of various economic entities to ensure the quality of the machine-tractor fleet operation: – Existing forms of technical and technological classification of mechanization of production processes in agriculture and increasing the intensity of use of machines in established engineering service facilities; – Improvement of production and technical exploitation of machine-tractor fleet of service enterprises operating in economic climatic conditions and improvement of use of machines with application of resuscitation techniques; – Ensure that labor costs and maintenance and repair in the manufacturing process are lower than the cost of 15 manat per conventional ha etalon; – Ensure the performance of the whole complex of mechanized work with the effective use of the machine-tractor fleet.

scholarly journals MODELING OF POTATO MILL SEPARATION PROCESSES IN A DRUM SEPARATOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Sergiy Hrushetskiy ◽  
Vitaliy Yaropud
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Complex Mechanization ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Pile Model

In order to successfully enter Ukraine into the western markets, it is necessary to ensure the competitiveness of its products, which is achieved through the complex mechanization of technological processes, reduction of labor costs, increase in yield and quality of the products obtained. The most common method of mechanized harvesting of potatoes is the erosion of the tuber layer with its subsequent destruction and the separation of tubers from heap, which contains vegetable impurities, soil tubers and stones. The most difficult is the separation from the tubers of solid soil clumps and stones. Attempts have been made to overcome this problem by placing potatoes on well-sown sandy soils with the help of special agrotechnical techniques that reduce, to some extent, the number of tubers. However, such measures are local, not sufficiently reliable and significantly complicate technology. About 25% of the area occupied by potatoes is heavily clogged with stones, the size of which is close to the size of tubers, and about 40% of the planted potatoes are placed on soils prone to significant lumps. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of technologies and machines for potato harvesting, to develop a model of the process of separation of potato pile in a drum separator. The researches were carried out by technological and structural analysis of technologies and machines for potato harvesting. During the research, the methods of comparison and mathematical modeling of technological processes were used. The information base of the research was the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on technologies and machines for potato harvesting. On the basis of the comparative analysis of technologies and machines for potato harvesting, the main processes affecting the agrotechnical indices of the harvesting technique have been identified, a model of the process of separation of potato pile in a drum separator has been developed, which includes the following basic processes: model of sifting of a through fraction of soil from the top layer of pile; heap mixing model; model of destruction of soil lumps on the separator; model kinematic analysis of potato pile in a drum separator; model of sifting of the passable soil fraction from the bottom layer of the pile; model of damage to tubers and other structural and kinematic parameters of the working bodies of the drum separator.

scholarly journals MODELING OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF CUTTING POTATO BUILDING WITH A BLADE OF A LEMECH

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Sergiy Hrushetskiy ◽  
Vitaliy Yaropud
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Comprehensive Mechanization ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Working Bodies

For Ukraine's successful entry into Western markets, it is necessary to ensure the competitiveness of its own products, which is achieved through comprehensive mechanization of technological processes, reducing labor costs, increasing yields and quality of products. The most common method of mechanized potato harvesting is undermining the tuber layer with its subsequent destruction and separation of tubers from the heap, which contains plant impurities, soil lumps and stones. The most difficult is the separation from the tubers of strong soil lumps and stones. Attempts have been made to overcome this problem by placing potatoes on well-sifted sandy soils, using special agronomic techniques that reduce, to some extent, the number of lumps. However, such measures are local in nature, not reliable enough and significantly complicate the technology. About 25% of the area occupied by potatoes is heavily littered with stones, the size of which is close to the size of tubers, and about 40% of planted potatoes are placed on soils prone to significant lump formation. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of technologies and machines for harvesting potatoes, to develop a model for cutting a potato heap with a ploughshare blade. The research was carried out by technological and structural analysis of technologies and machines for harvesting potatoes. In the process of research methods of comparison and mathematical modeling of technological processes were used. The information base of the research was the work of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on technologies and machines for potato harvesting. On the basis of the comparative analysis of technologies and machines for potato harvesting the main processes influencing agrotechnical indicators of harvesting equipment are revealed, the model of cutting of a potato heap by a ploughshare blade and other constructive and kinematic parameters of working bodies of a ploughshare blade is developed.

Dimensional Analysis of Technological Processes for Reconditioning Machine Parts

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Kharlamov ◽  
A.P. Zhiltsov ◽  
D.A. Vishnevsky ◽  
A.V. Bocharov
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Energy Material ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Sequential Approximation ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
And Control ◽  
Functional Purpose

Reconditioning of worn-out machine components is a significant reserve for improving the efficiency of repair production. Recovery technologies are necessary not only to extend the service life of machine components, they also can improve the efficiency of machine operation. The greatest costs of the repair complex resources are associated with the restoration of the size, spatial deviations, shape and roughness of worn surfaces. With that the operational properties of surfaces corresponding to their functional purpose, are formed simultaneously and first of all, wear resistance and antifrictionality. The key methods of dimensional reconstruction of machine parts are systematized. The required geometric accuracy of the surfaces being restored is obtained by sequential approximation as the operations and stages of the restoration processing are performed. Saving material and labor resources of the repair complex can be ensured by the proper selection and control of the interoperative dimensions obtained at various machining steps. Therefore, along with the study of the physical and technological capabilities of restoration methods, the dimensional analysis of technological processes with a reasonable allowance setting for operating steps of processing the restored surfaces, the thickness of the applied coatings, their final and intermediate values, the size of additional repair parts, etc. becomes relevant. Methods of dimensional restoration of parts by the type of technological impacts are considered. The article describes methods for determining the optimal part dimensions at the stages of preparation for dimensional restoration, intermediate and final dimensions during processing operations, as well as the thickness of the applied coatings, which reduce energy, material and labor costs and improve the quality and operational properties of the restored parts.

Additional nutritional considerations for preconditioning beef calves.

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipe Moriel
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Daily Gain

Calves can be preconditioned using a wide variety of supplemental feed ingredients. However, feed ingredient selection is not the only factor to consider during a preconditioning process. Increasing the protein supply to stressed, preconditioning beef steers led to greater growth performance, and increased immune response to vaccination during a 42-day preconditioning period. Producers should not reduce the frequency of concentrate supplementation during the entire preconditioning period as it might lead to poorer vaccine response and average daily gain (consequently, less calf value at sale). However, a gradual reduction of frequency of supplementation is a supplementation strategy that can overcome these negative effects on growth and immunity, and allows producers to save on feeding and labor costs without producing lighter calves that have weaker immune responses.  

Translucent Glass Roofs For Large-Span Coverings

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Large Span ◽  
Glass Panels ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Internal Volume ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Smoke Removal

The article deals with the issues of glass use in the enclosing structures of large-span coverings, which have such advantages as ensuring the penetration of natural light, tightness, minimum labor costs for repair and maintenance. Design shortcomings: the high cost, the need for protection of the internal volume against the penetrating sun rays in the warm season (hothouse effect); arrangement of devices for operation of a roof. The key technical properties and characteristics of glass panels and pane-glass sets, constructive decisions, including interface to the main bearing structures of a large-span covering are given. Peculiarities of their design with due regard for ventilation and smoke removal, a drainage of condensate, ways of fight against frosting and snow drifts on the roof are reflected. Features of the account of loadings, the basic approaches to their calculation are considered. Various design solutions for the spatial metal trussed systems with the original nodal connections are presented. Information on modern solutions of translucent roofs using glass for large-span coverings is given.

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