Infectious Mononucleosis: Etiological Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment Problems

10.12737/5932 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Тюняева ◽  
N. Tyunyaeva ◽  
Софронова ◽  
L. Sofronova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Single Opinion ◽  
Laboratory Features ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Chronic Course

The present review examines the modern view on the problem of infectious mononucleosis. It is noted that this disease is a polyetiological entity and is usually caused by various lymphotropic infections that are often representatives of the Негреsviridae family. Etiological factors, pathogenesis, and the most typical clinical manifestations are described. Clinical and laboratory features depending on the type of pathogen are presented. Differential diagnosis complications are discussed. The authors present comparative analysis of different approaches to this issue reported by other investigators. The authors have made the following conclusions: 1. Infectious mononucleosis presents a variety of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to life-threatening, can have a chronic course and form a contingent of sickly children. 2. On the basis of using only routine clinical and laboratory methods of examination, it doesn’t always possible to diagnose the disease. 3. Today there is no single opinion about the treatment infectious mononucleosis, are clearly not designed clinical examination doesn’t clearly developed. 4. Currently, there is no doubt as to the urgency of the threat of infectious mononucleosis in pediatric practice and the need for more detailed study.

Systemic lupus erythematosus—clinical features and aetiopathogenesis

2013 ◽  
pp. 923-937
Author(s):  
Caroline Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is a multisystem, autoimmune disease associated with the formation of autoantibodies that form pathological immune complexes and activate a number of inflammatory pathways. The disease is characterized by remissions and relapses (flares) that can present with a variety of clinical manifestations. The symptoms and signs may range from mild features that can be treated easily to organ and even life threatening manifestations requiring potent immunosuppression. This chapter will review the epidemiology and pathology of lupus, then the clinical features including differential diagnosis and investigation of adult patients with SLE. Finally the classification, diagnosis, monitoring and outcome of lupus patients will be discussed.

A CASE REPORT: KAZABACH-MERRITT SYNDROME (KMS)

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Г.Ж. Бодыков ◽  
Г.Н. Балмагамбетова ◽  
С.А. Лисогор ◽  
В.М. Шмонин
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vascular Anomalies ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Practice

Синдром Казабаха - Мерритта в детской практике встречается крайне редко. Клинические проявления многообразны, что затрудняет своевременную диагностику и лечение данного заболевания. Цель: привлечь внимание неонатологов и педиатров к своевременной диагностике редких гематологических синдромов. Материалы и методы. Проведено расширенное обследование ребенка и тщательная дифференциальная диагностика с другими сосудистыми аномалиями. Результаты. На основании оценки анамнеза, клинико - лабораторных и инструментальных методов обследования установлен диагноз СКМ. Выводы. Постановка диагноза СКМ требует проведения расширенного обследования ребенка и тщательной дифференцировки с другими сосудистыми аномалиями. Kazabach-Merritt syndrome is extremely rare in pediatric practice. Clinical manifestations are diverse- and this fact complicates the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Purpose: to draw the attention of neonatologists and pediatricians to the early diagnosis of rare hematological syndromes.Materials and methods. An extended examination of the child and a thorough differential diagnosis with other vascular anomalies were carried out. Results. The KMS was diagnosed on the base of: the assessment of the anamnesis, clinical - laboratory and instrumental examination methods.Conclusion. The diagnosis of KMS requires an extended examination of the child and careful differentiation of other vascular anomalies.

Recurrent Neck Lymphangioma in a Young Adult: Twenty-Three Years After Successful Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kotsis ◽  
Georgios Exarchos ◽  
Linda Metaxa ◽  
Stylianos Triantos
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Neck Area ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
New Onset

Lymphangiomas are rare benign malformations of the lymphatic system, commonly present in children, over the head and neck area. Occasionally, they can grow significantly in size and especially those located over the cervical region can cause airway obstruction and become life-threatening. Recurrent lymphangiomas usually occur during the early postsurgical period and 80% of them within the first 3 to 5 years. However, in a new onset of clinical manifestations affecting the head and neck, even many years after the successful surgical treatment, a recurrent lymphangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis. We present herein the second reported case, to our knowledge, of a recurrent left-sided neck lymphangioma in a young man, 23 years after a successful surgical treatment that initially took place 6 weeks after his birth.

Systemic lupus erythematosus—clinical features and aetiopathogenesis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is a multisystem, autoimmune disease associated with the formation of autoantibodies that form pathological immune complexes and activate a number of inflammatory pathways. The disease is characterized by remissions and relapses (flares) that can present with a variety of clinical manifestations. The symptoms and signs may range from mild features that can be treated easily to organ and even life threatening manifestations requiring potent immunosuppression. This chapter will review the epidemiology and pathology of lupus, then the clinical features including differential diagnosis and investigation of adult patients with SLE. Finally the classification, diagnosis, monitoring and outcome of lupus patients will be discussed.

scholarly journals Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (21) ◽  
pp. 2864-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowthami M. Arepally
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Laboratory Features ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pathogenic Antibodies ◽  
Heparin Exposure

Abstract Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune complication of heparin therapy caused by antibodies to complexes of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. Pathogenic antibodies to PF4/heparin bind and activate cellular FcγRIIA on platelets and monocytes to propagate a hypercoagulable state culminating in life-threatening thrombosis. It is now recognized that anti-PF4/heparin antibodies develop commonly after heparin exposure, but only a subset of sensitized patients progress to life-threatening complications of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Recent scientific developments have clarified mechanisms underlying PF4/heparin immunogenicity, disease susceptibility, and clinical manifestations of disease. Insights from clinical and laboratory findings have also been recently harnessed for disease prevention. This review will summarize our current understanding of HIT by reviewing pathogenesis, essential clinical and laboratory features, and management.

A glance on dystonias, how to recognize and handle them

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
F. N. Mercan ◽  
E. Bayram ◽  
M. C. Akbostanci
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Treatment Choices ◽  
Muscle Groups

Dystonia refers to an involuntary, repetitive, sustained, painful and twisting movements of the affected body part. This movement disorder was first described in 1911 by Hermain Oppenheim, and many studies have been conducted to understand the mechanism, the diagnosis and the treatment of dystonia ever since. However, there are still many unexplained aspects of this phenomenon. Dystonia is diagnosed by clinical manifestations, and various classifications are recommended for the diagnosis and the treatment. Anatomic classification, which is based on the muscle groups involved, is the most helpful classification model to plan the course of the treatment. Dystonias can also be classified based on the age of onset and the cause. These dystonic syndromes can be present without an identified etiology or they can be clinical manifestations of a neurodegenerative or neurometabolic disease. In this review we summarized the differential diagnosis, definition, classifications, possible mechanisms and treatment choices of dystonia.

A Serological Storm

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertha Wong MD ◽  
Maria Bagovich MD ◽  
Ivan Blasutig PhD ◽  
Simon Carette MD MPhil
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Autoantibody Profile ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Sensory Polyneuropathy

This article describes a patient presenting with a sensory polyneuropathy and multiple autoantibodies, leading to the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. His widely positive autoantibody profile in the absence of clinically significant rheumatic disease illustrates the importance of interpreting autoimmune serology in the appropriate clinical context and the concept of HCV being a non-specific activator of the immune system. In addition, it highlights the importance of considering untreated HCV infection in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic complaints, particularly if the workup reveals multiple autoantibodies, as HCV is a potentially severe and life-threatening disease, which can be appropriately managed with effective antiviral therapy.

scholarly journals AB1045 CLINICAL, ANALYTICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH SARCOIDOSIS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1814.2-1814
Author(s):  
I. Madroñal García ◽  
C. Aguilera Cros ◽  
L. Mendez Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
List Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Radiological Stage

Background:Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease whose etiology is unknown. It is characterized by the formation of granulomas in any tissue of the organism. Ganglionic, pulmonary and cutaneus involvement is the most prevalent.Objectives:Describe clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients with sarcoidosis diagnosed.Define the association between the ACE’s number at diagnosis, radiological lung stage, treatment and course of disease.Evaluate if the extrapulmonary involvement is related to the course of the disease.Methods:Descriptive retrospective study of patients with S diagnosis treated in our Hospital in 2019. Data were obtained by reviewing medical records. Chi-square tests and parametric tests have been used to establish the differences described in the objectives.Results:102 patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis have been included, (51% females) with an average age of 56±11 years. Suspected diagnosis at the onset of disease was S in 70.6% of patients, followed by suspected lymphoma (20.6%). The average time for the definitive diagnosis of S was 9.5 months. 70.6% of the patients had elevated ACE titles at the beginning. Regarding the clinical manifestations, 18.6% of the patients presented fever at the beginning and 66.7% extrathoracic clinical manifestations. 72.5% have lymph node adenopathies, and in 91% there is thoracic involvement (the most frequent pulmonary stage is stage II). A biopsy was performed in 84.3% of the patients, the lung biopsy being the most performed (52.3%). 88.2% of patients received corticosteroid treatment at the onset of the disease (currently under treatment with corticosteroids 37.3%). 50% of patients are treated with immunosuppressants, Methotrexate was the most used. 5 patients are treated with biological therapy (AntiTNF).Regarding the course of the disease, 51% of the patients have a chronic course, 45.1% are in remission and 3.9% have suffered a relapse of the disease. In this study, no significant relationship was found between the ACE values at the onset of the disease, the pulmonary stage and the course of the disease.According to our data, patients presenting with extrathoracic clinical manifestations need more frequently corticosteroid treatment (p = 0.017) and immunosuppressive treatment (p = 0.001) with respect to patients who do not have an extrathoracic clinic. In addition, patients with an extrathoracic clinic present more frequently a chronic course of the disease than those who do not (p = 0.019).Conclusion:The results described in this study are similar to those found in the literature. The differences found can be explained because patients presenting with extrathoracic clinical manifestations have a more complicated management and need more treatment than those with only pulmonary involvement, even patients with radiological stage I do not usually need treatment, only surveillance.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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