Phenomenon of Risk in Some Theories of the Humanities Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
А. Батухтин ◽  
A. Batuhtin
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Postmodern Theory ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Science Management

The modern world is full of risks, so the theory of risk, its properties and processes of management, are nowadays of particular interest. There are many theories, which contain different concepts and identifies the fundamental characteristics of this phenomenon. This paper aims to study the processes of effective risk management and prediction of the future, an important task of social management. The article discusses the postmodern (sociological) and perceptibility (psychology) risk-taking. Sociological theories of the postmodern approach to the concept of “risk” through the analysis of social relations. In turn, perceptivity approach treats risk through the “behavioral aspects” of human existence. The task of this article is to define the properties of risk in sociological theories and the search for such properties, the risk that would be inherent in any type of society. Analyzed the risk profile, offered by postmodern theory by U. Beck, N. Luhmann and A. Giddens, with the result that the basic properties of the risk applying to the Foundation. As well as identified behavioral aspects of risk that were considered in the context perceptivities approach, in D. Kahneman and A. Tversky. In the end, we offer a conclusion that common property, as an individual and the society as a system in General is an irrational risk aversion. This property does not depend on the era and type of society and retains its relevance from ancient times to the present day. The results obtained in this article can find its practical application in Sciences such as social philosophy, political science, management, Economics, psychology, sociology. Highlighted in the sociology of properties of a society built on risk, can be useful indicators or explanations of any of the events. In political science, Economics and management knowledge of the characteristics of the risk society (modern society) and people's attitude to risk will provide an advantage and will indicate any possible human behavior that will help in prediction and management. And this, in turn, could facilitate the implementation of industrial, corporate, or state objectives.

scholarly journals Social transformations of speech culture in information age

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 03081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Gudmanian ◽  
Liubov Drotianko ◽  
Sergiy Sydorenko ◽  
Oksana Zhuravliova ◽  
Sergiy Yahodzinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Communication

The paper looks at the major technological, sociocultural and linguistic factors that are changing the nature of interpersonal communication in the Information Age, and some manifestations of these changes. Rapid progress of technology, above all, the advent of the Internet, brought about dramatic changes in the modes and parameters of human communication over the recent decades. New types of written communication arose and have firmly established themselves on the global scale – in social networks, chats, blogs, forums and various Internet communities. Having created unprecedented possibilities for connecting with people irrespective of their location, age or social status, innovative technology is at the same time challenging standards of communication ethics and speech culture. Sociocultural transformations in the modern society, democratization of social relations contribute to weakening of speech norms and deterioration of overall speech culture, especially among young people. The increasing role of English as a language of global communication and its reputation of the dominant language of new technology and virtual reality are inevitably influencing speech habits of the Internet users across the globe. The combined work of all these factors results in visible deterioration of speech culture, standardization and simplification of speech, elimination of cultural specificity, tendency to replace expressive language means with emoji, downgrading of style, defying norms of spelling, word use and grammar. Obvious irreversibility of technological progress and the growing share of life people spend online call on specialists from various related fields to continue comprehensive analysis of transformations of speech culture in the modern world with the aim to assess societal risks and work out timely and adequate countermeasures.

scholarly journals The idea of commonality and Western philosophical-legal concepts: history and modernity

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Andrei Andreevich Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Humanistic Knowledge

This article discusses the idea of commonality within the system of philosophical-legal concepts through the prism of history and modernity. This problem is important for understanding the systemic nature of philosophical-legal concepts, considering that the philosophy of law throughout its conceptualization was often either replaced by the philosophy of politics or social philosophy, or veered off, virtually losing commonality with the “unified philosophy”. The research employs the components of comparative law, socio-philosophical, historical-logical, and political science analysis. The works of the foreign authors of the XIX – XX centuries served as the foundation for this research. The scientific novelty lies in the following: 1) the author establishes that the legal concept of commonality offers a means of reconsideration of the attitude of law towards the diversity of social groups and associations that characterize modern life; 2) an important trend is determined in studying the legal concept of commonality, developed for indicating the need for normative reflection of social relations based on trust; it recognizes the diversity of such relations and forms of their expression. This selected topic is relevant in modern world, as well as socio-humanistic knowledge, thus the author's approach allowed achieving the novelty of the formulated conclusions.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF GNOSTICISM IN THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF E. VOEGELIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Western World ◽  
New Science ◽  
Eric Voegelin

The article discusses the concept of political Gnosticism, developed by the philosopher Eric Voegelin. This concept is one of the main elements of Voegelin’s political philosophy, in which he answers the question about the essence of modern politics. Voegelin believes that modernity is the result of the historical victory of the ideology of “Gnosticism”. The historical roots of Gnosticism, says Voegelin, should not be sought in late antiquity, but in the Middle Ages. Based on the ideas of Christian mystics, such as Joachim of Flore, an ideology of Gnosticism was formed, which spread in the Western world and became a powerful political force. This force accomplished the “great Gnostic revolution” and shaped modern society. Examples of modern Gnostic regimes are progressivism, positivism, Marxism, psychoanalysis, communism, fascism, National Socialism. Modern political science is not able to give a critical understanding of Gnosticism, since it itself is a product of Gnostic ideology. Therefore, modern political science needs to restore its fundamental principles, which were established by ancient philosophers, the founders of the philosophy of politics. Voegelin calls this the reteoretisation of political science. The author of the article analyzes the theoretical and historical grounds of Voegelin’s concept and concludes that one of the sources of his theory of political Gnosticism is Hegel’s doctrine of unhappy consciousness. The article also proves that Voegelin’s concept of Gnosticism is not identical with historical Gnosticism. The author also analyzes the reasons why political science of the twentieth century did not accept this concept and did not draw conclusions from criticism of political science in the work “New Science of Politics” by Voegelin. The article concludes that the changes that are taking place in the modern world force us to reconsider and overestimate Voegelin’s concept, which, in our opinion, has great heuristic potential.

scholarly journals Features of the impact of crisis phenomena on the educational process in modern society

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Юрий Семенович Исаченко ◽  
Алексей Анатольевич Прядехо ◽  
Александр Павлович Тонких
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Процесс воспитания и становления личности на современном этапе развития общества необходимо рассматривать в совокупности всех общественных процессов, которые неразрывно связаны в своем взаимосуществовании. Нежелание или неспособность субъектов социальных отношений видеть в личности абсолютную цель любого социального взаимодействия активизирует первоначальное противоречие между свободой и необходимостью, проявляющееся внешне в конфликте между индивидуумами в социальном конфликте. Его преодолевает приверженность моральному долгу и уважение к социальным нормам. Секрет ориентации на такого рода отношения достаточно прост: современный образовательный процесс – это феномен социальной культуры, который можно представить как процесс культурного образования или процесс личной инкультуры. В современном социуме был сформирован положительный стереотип школьной жизни: учитель соответствовал образу самого уважаемого человека – за его знания, мудрость, доброту и другие личностные качества. Этому способствовало как общество в целом (в первую очередь государственная пропаганда, в которой учителю отводилась главенствующая роль), так и конкретные педагогические работники. Люди четко представляли цель своей жизни и способы ее достижения. Причем эти способы не отражались негативом своего достижения на окружающих. В работе анализируется влияние средств массовой информации, кинематографа, эстрады на состояние воспитанности подрастающего поколения, выявлены последствия воздействия современного медиаресурса на формирование поведения и самосознания подрастающего поколения в современном мире. The process of education and formation of the individual at the present stage of development of society must be considered in the totality of all social processes that are inextricably linked in their mutual existence. The unwillingness or inability of the subjects of social relations to see in the individual the absolute goal of any social interaction activates the initial contradiction between freedom and necessity, which manifests itself externally in a conflict between individuals in a social conflict. It is overcome by a commitment to moral duty and respect for social norms. The secret of orientation to this kind of relationship is quite simple: the modern educational process is a phenomenon of social culture, which can be represented as a process of cultural education or a process of personal inculturation. In modern society, a positive stereotype of school life was formed: the teacher corresponded to the image of the most respected person – for his knowledge, wisdom, kindness and other personal qualities. This was facilitated both by society as a whole (first of all, by state propaganda, in which the teacher was given a dominant role), and by specific teaching staff. People had a clear idea of the purpose of their life and how to achieve it. Moreover, these methods were not reflected by the negative of their achievement on others. The paper analyzes the influence of mass media, cinema, pop music on the state of upbringing of the younger generation, reveals the consequences of the impact of modern media resources on the formation of behavior and self-consciousness of the younger generation in the modern world.

scholarly journals Judicial Practice of Protecting Human Rights: Problems of the Rule of Law in a Postmodern Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Nadiia Bortnyk ◽  
Iryna Zharovska ◽  
Tetiana Panfilova ◽  
Ivanna Lisna ◽  
Oksana Valetska
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
Legal Standards

Human rights issues are present today in almost every area of society and, accordingly, occupy a special place in it. Due to the fact that modern Ukraine is in a transitional state of creating legal, state and public institutions, the process of formation of civil society requires the identification of the nature of legal relations in a transitional period. After all, relations in civil society should be formed on the basis of awareness of the inalienability and non-repudiation of natural human rights. They should be based on the positive legislation of the state. They are the key to the effectiveness of the entire system of social relations. Ensuring human rights is the criterion by which the achieved level of democracy in the state is assessed. The beginning of this process can be called consolidation in the Basic Law of the provision that a person, his life and health, honor and dignity, integrity and security are recognized as the highest social value, and determining the priority of universal values. At the same time, the needs of the present, in fact, directs the development of modern law, is the development of certain general legal standards that allow us to move on to a new qualitative coexistence of nations in the modern world on substantial humanistic principles. In addition to examining the established mechanisms and specifics of protecting everyday human rights, the article examined the new human rights that exist in post-modern society, which today are called the rights of the “fourth generation”.

scholarly journals Value searches of the globalizing world

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Zilya Nailovna Khabibullina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Value System ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the trends and value priorities of modern society. The global world dictates to a person new conditions for development and value reorientation associated with transformational processes in information cyberspace. The changes taking place in the consumer society are associated with social, economic and cultural conditions. There is a change in the established spiritual values and human needs for values of a one-dimensional, pragmatic and utilitarian sense. Various ways of value reassessment of the current trends in society, which would contribute to the formation of sustainable development on the basis of an adequate worldview search for alternative ways of developing the future world, are considered. The methodological basis of this study is the positions and conclusions of leading Western and Russian scientists who have paid great attention to the problems of global transformations in the modern world, which are closely related to the formation of a system of values. The study uses elements of a transdisciplinary paradigm that combines theoretical and methodological principles of system-structural, functional and comparative analysis, allowing us to trace the development of modern social relations against the background of the crisis of the global value system. The use of structural-functional and comparative methods helped to reveal the specifics and interconnectedness of value preferences in different cultures, made it possible to analyze the features of the contradictory socio-cultural space of modern society and identify its main axiological characteristics. The modern information society generates a completely different worldview and environment of activity, where the value system directly depends on intelligence and knowledge, and information becomes a strategic resource of society.

THE PROBLEM OF CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
T. V. NAUMENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Global Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
New Type

The periodization and structuring of society is one of the most pressing problems of modern sociology, political science, economics and social philosophy. The presented article analyzes the aspect of this problem associated with solving the issue of an information society, the criteria for its identification and correlation with the concept of a global society and modern processes of globalization, and also reveals contradictions in whether modern society can be considered an information society of a new type. The position of E. Giddens, one of the founders of the development of the problem of the emergence of a fundamentally new society, who paid great attention not only to the structure of society, but also to its deep essential characteristics, who was one of the first to raise the problem of globalization back in the mid-80s, is considered. the last century; as well as the position of F. Webster, who, firstly, was a critic and analyst of the works of E. Giddens and discovers a number of contradictions in his concept, and secondly, explores the topic of science, which includes the analysis of many, if not all, concepts on the problems of the information society. The article outlines the contradictions existing in the ideas of these authors about the information society, analyzes the concepts of "individuation" and "individuality" introduced by E. Giddens, his argumentation for the presence of global processes, the main motive of which is the assertion of a sociologist that the world has completely gone under control and "escapes" from the hands.

scholarly journals New Sociology in the Changed World: a Review on "Normal Anomie" in Russia and the Modern World" (edited by S. A. Kravchenko, Moscow: MGIMO-University, 2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Евгений Головацкий ◽  
Eugene Golovatsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Positive Functional ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Functional Orientation ◽  
Nonlinear Schemes ◽  
State Of Affairs

The auther reviews the multi-authored monograph "Normal Anomie" in Russia and the Modern World". The monograph examines the use of the concepts "anomie" and "anomial state" that are currently undergoing a serious transformation. The authors investigate some "pathological" forms of society, taking into account the possibilities of a holistic sociological review of the state of affairs in such relevant areas as the methodology of the anomial state of modern society, the correlation of threats and expectations of risks in the modern world, "anomie" and "norm" on the Internet, etc. The monograph demonstrates the problem of methodological gap between the studies of normal anomie problems in a society of risks and vulnerabilities and the choice by Russian citizens of new nonlinear schemes and technologies of social relationships. The emerging situation of "normal anomie" has a positive functional orientation, which is largely due to the consequences of world globalization processes. The authors of the monograph believe there is a possibility that Russian society will use a holistic / systemic picture of the transformation of social conditions, taking into account the specific application of the sociological approach in the study of the "new anomie". It is emphasized that the anomial state is the norm of social development of the modern time. Ambivalence in assessing events, resources, tools, and temporal characteristics allows us to consider the multiple, mobile, and "living picture" of the transformation of social relations in the modern world.

scholarly journals Postmodern Project of Philosophy: “Social” Or “Not-Social”?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7425-7428
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Alternative Programs ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Phenomenological Sociology ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Modernist Project

The article is devoted to the elaboration and formulation of a criterion for distinguishing between the modernist project of social philosophy, which is proposed to be called “social” and “non-social” within the framework of the article. Based on the work of such researchers as Tereshchenko N.A., Gasparyan D.E. and Karimov T.Kh. it is proposed to consider three characteristics of social relations as a criterion: the reflexive attitude of participants to existing social relations; negativity, orientation to the development and overcoming of the existing “state of affairs”, activity of participants; reductionism, the desire to single out a single foundation in society and interpret the entire variety of social facts as its manifestation. In modern society is understood as “social”: it is reflective, negative (develops) and has a foundation. Within the framework of postmodernism, society is understood as “non-social”: it is non-reflective, does not develop, and without foundation. The concept of everyday life of phenomenological sociology is considered as an example of the theory of “non-social”. It is also shown that the distinguished characteristics of “non-social” relate to many theoretical constructions in the field of social philosophy of the second half of the 20th century. And with the current question of the possibility of breaking the postmodern paradigm, when developing alternative programs for studying society (metamodern, post-postmodern, after-postmodern), these criteria should be taken into account.

Three questions to political economy (An attempt of system introspection)

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
System Paradigm

The development of the system paradigm in economic science leads to the formulation of a number of important questions to the political economy as one of the basic directions of economic theory. In this article, on the basis of system introspection, three questions are considered. The first is the relevance of the class approach to the structuring of the socio-economic space; the second is the feasibility of revising the notion of property in the modern world; the third is the validity of the notion of changing formations as the sequence of “slave-owning system — feudal system — capitalist system”. It is shown that in modern society the system approach to the structuring of socio-economic space is more relevant than the class one. Today the classical notion of “property” does not reflect the diversity of production and economic relations in society and should be replaced by the notion of “system property”, which provides a significant expansion of the concepts of “subject of property” and “object of property”. The change of social formations along with the linear component has a more influential cyclic constituent and obeys the system-wide cyclic regularity that reflects the four-cycle sequence of the dominance of one of the subsystems of the macrosystem: project, object, environment and process.

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