scholarly journals SUSTAINABILITY OF NUTS OF THE GENUS JUGLANS TO NEGATIVE WINTER TEMPERATURES IN THE VORONEZH REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Славский ◽  
V. Slavskiy ◽  
Михаил Чернышов ◽  
Mikhail Chernyshov

Given the high value of Juglans nuts, the increase in their production should not only be due to the identification and breeding of the best forms, but also by shifting the established border of cultivation to the North. In this regard, the main purpose of the work is to study and analyze the adaptive characteristics of plants in winter. The paper considers garden, park and field protection plantations, plantations, landscape groups and stand-alone trees of Juglans family nuts on adaptive signs of frost resistance and frost stability, as well as the most stable forms, which should form the basis of the breeding fund. Comparison of resistance of the genus Juglans to the various factors of ethnology gives the following results: decreasing resistance to low negative temperatures, plants can be placed as J. cenerea, J. manshurica, J. nigra, J. cordiformis, J. regia.

Author(s):  
В.А. Славский ◽  
М.П. Чернышов

Широкому введению ореха грецкого в культуру севернее зоны существующего ареала распространения, в частности, в Воронежскую область, препятствует ряд причин, наиболее значимой из которых является недостаточная его зимостойкость. В связи с этим выявление, отбор и улучшение свойств зимостойких сортов и форм ореха грецкого, способных к росту и полноценному плодоношению севернее зоны естественного ареала, являются главными задачами селекционной работы. Эти задачи вполне решаемы с учетом высокого уровня индивидуальной изменчивости адаптивных признаков у отобранных растений ореха грецкого в исследуемом регионе. Изучены садовые, парковые и полезащитные насаждения, плантации, ландшафтные группы и отдельно стоящие деревья. При определении устойчивости растений к неблагоприятным климатическим факторам использованы общепринятые методики. Для оценки зимостойкости разработан новый подход к определению комплексной устойчивости растений в зимний период, состоящей из суммарных показателей морозостойкости, морозоустойчивости и устойчивости к резким перепадам температур, поскольку эти адаптивные признаки имели наибольшие уровни значимости. Предложенная ускоренная комплексная оценка зимостойкости имеет большое преимущество, по сравнению со стандартной методикой, для достоверного определения которой требовались наблюдения за несколько лет. Выявлены значительные сходства между опытными и аппроксимированными результатами зимостойкости (критерий согласия Пирсона = 12,6). При этом выровненные абсолютные величины зимостойкости незначительно превышали практические. Это связано, в первую очередь, с приспособленностью к климатическим условиям Воронежской области и высокой восстановительной способностью большинства растений. Wide introduction of walnut in culture to the North of the zone of the existing area of distribution, in particular in the Voronezh region, is hampered by a number of reasons, the most significant of which is insufficient winter hardiness. In this regard, the identification, selection and improvement of the properties of winter-hardy varieties and forms of walnut, capable of full valuable growth and fruiting outside the natural area, is the main breeding task. This problem looks quite solvable, taking into account the high level of individual variability of adaptive features in the selected walnut forms in the studied region. Studied garden and field plantings, plantations, landscape group and separately standing trees. In determining the resistance of plants to adverse climatic factors used conventional techniques. For the assessment of winter hardiness the new approach to determination of complex stability of plants in the winter period consisting of total indicators of frost resistance, frost resistance and resistance to sharp changes of temperatures is developed, since these adaptive features had the highest levels of significance. The proposed accelerated complex assessment of winter hardiness has a great advantage compared to the standard methodology, for the reliable determination of which it was necessary to observe for several years. Discovered significant similarities between the experienced and the approximable results of winter hardiness (assessment criterion Pirson = 12.6). At the same time, the theoretical values of winter hardiness were slightly higher than the practical ones. This is due, first of all, to the adaptability to the climatic conditions of the Voronezh region and the high regenerative capacity of most plants.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Gary Free ◽  
Mariano Bresciani ◽  
Monica Pinardi ◽  
Nicola Ghirardi ◽  
Giulia Luciani ◽  
...  

Climate change has increased the temperature and altered the mixing regime of high-value lakes in the subalpine region of Northern Italy. Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a can help provide a time series to allow an assessment of the ecological implications of this. Non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) was used to visualize and understand the changes that have occurred between 2003–2018 in Lakes Garda, Como, Iseo, and Maggiore. In all four deep subalpine lakes, there has been a disruption from a traditional pattern of a significant spring chlorophyll-a peak followed by a clear water phase and summer/autumn peaks. This was replaced after 2010–2012, with lower spring peaks and a tendency for annual maxima to occur in summer. There was a tendency for this switch to be interspersed by a two-year period of low chlorophyll-a. Variables that were significant in NPMR included time, air temperature, total phosphorus, winter temperature, and winter values for the North Atlantic Oscillation. The change from spring to summer chlorophyll-a maxima, relatively sudden in an ecological context, could be interpreted as a regime shift. The cause was probably cascading effects from increased winter temperatures, reduced winter mixing, and altered nutrient dynamics. Future trends will depend on climate change and inter-decadal climate drivers.


1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Lozhkin ◽  
Patricia M. Anderson

AbstractAlluvial, fluvial, and organic deposits of the last interglaciation are exposed along numerous river terraces in northeast Siberia. Although chronological control is often poor, the paleobotanical data suggest range extensions of up to 1000 km for the primary tree species. These data also indicate that boreal communities of the last interglaciation were similar to modern ones in composition, but their distributions were displaced significantly to the north-northwest. Inferences about climate of this period suggest that mean July temperatures were warmer by 4 to 8°C, and seasonal precipitation was slightly greater. Mean January temperatures may have been severely cooler than today (up to 12°C) along the Arctic coast, but similar or slightly warmer than present in other areas. The direction and magnitude of change in July temperatures agree with Atmospheric General Circulation Models, but the 126,000-year-B.P. model results also suggest trends opposite to the paleobotanical data, with simulated cooler winter temperatures and drier conditions than present during the climatic optimum.


2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Radovanovic ◽  
Vladan Ducic

According to data of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel for Climatic Change), the global surface air temperature increased to 0,6 ? 0,2 ?C in the 20th century. Weber G. R., (1995) quotes that there is a trend of cold in the last 60 years in the middle latitudes including Europe, too. Starting from already mentioned perplexities we have tried to perceive the problem of climate variability in Serbia in the second half of the 20th century, when it came to very important increasing of concentration of CO2. With that aim we observed the decade values of average annual temperatures in the network of 20 climatic stations. In the period 1951 - 1990 a decrease of temperature was registered in 13 stations while in other stations an increase was less than 0,1 ?C. Explorers from Bulgaria (Alexandrov V., 2000) and Hungary (Domonkos P., Zoboki J., 2000) came to similar results, too. However, if we take in account the last decade 20th century the number of stations with positive changes is enlarged on 15. Stations that have small changes and those with decrease of temperature were localized in the south and south eastern part of the country, and they are mainly coincided with before separated climatic regions with maritime pluviometric regime (Radovanovic M., 2001). Using Dzerdzevskis B. L., (1975) division on three main types of circulation in the north hemisphere, we found that the increase of temperatures in the last decade 20th century is above all caused by change of dominant type of circulation from the south meridian to zonal. An analysis of seasonal changes showed that in the last five decades 20th century it came to decrease of winter temperatures in almost half of the stations in contrast with results of paleoclimatics models of possible greenhouse effect.


Author(s):  
Valeriy STROTSKIY ◽  
Aleksey KROKHIN ◽  
Vladimir SAVIN

The results of studies of porosity, water absorption, moisture shrinkage and frost resistance of cellular concrete, which are some of the main factors determining the durability of cellular concrete enclosing structures manufactured using autoclave hardening technology, are considered. Methods for determining water absorption, moisture shrinkage and frost resistance are presented. The relationship between the moisture shrinkage and the capillary forces (the sum of the surface tension forces on the micromeniscs of liquid in the capillaries of cellular concrete), as well as the dependence of the shrinkage on the size (radius) of the capillary and gas pores of cellular concreteand on the water-solid ratio (W/S-factor) of cellular concrete, is established. In the field of frost resistance of cellular concrete, the relationship between the structure of the pore space of concrete and its deformation characteristics under the action of negative temperatures is studied. The effect of the presence of gas pores in cellular concrete on the reduction of frost expansion deformations is described.


Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Tomáš Fiala ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša

The bark beetle Phloeotribus rhododactylus feeds mainly on the shrub Cytisus scoparius. The range of P. rhododactylus extends from Spain in the south to southern Sweden, Denmark, and Scotland in the north. Its range to the east extends to Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary, but single localities are known further east in Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece. It is clear that the range of the beetle matches that of its main host. C. scoparius is adapted to Mediterranean and coastal climates, and its range is limited by low winter temperatures. P. rhododactylus is, therefore, rare in Central Europe. It infests either individuals of C. scoparius that have been damaged by mammalian herbivores or snow or that are drought-stressed. Although C. scoparius is an invasive plant in agricultural and natural ecosystems, P. rhododactylus has not been found in any of the areas where C. scoparius has invaded.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Nepomyach Alexander Nikolaevich ◽  
Vyrovoy Valeriy Nikolaevich ◽  
Chistyakov Artem Aleksaedrovich

Abstract The work investigates changes in the beam structure under the action of local freezing, which leads to a change of the mechanical properties of the material and, consequently, of the beam structure. Two types of beam samples were used: from cement-sand mortar and from concrete. The work investigates the change in the development of deformations depending on the conditions of freezing of samples. The second accelerated method for assessing frost resistance was chosen according to DSTU B В.2.7-47-96. An accelerated method was chosen for assessing frost resistance at the temperature of -20 ±2 C°. After every five freeze-thaw cycles, the following changes were monitored: mass, water absorption, ultrasound transmission rate, damage coefficient, tensile bending strength, splitting strength, compressive strength, carbonization depth. The results showed that both in concrete and in mortar samples, the compressive strength after freezing was lower by 8% and 15% accordingly. The experimental results obtained confirm the assumptions made that the frost resistance of the material depends on the conditions of exposure of negative temperatures on products and structures and it can be used in a wider range of construction which will push regional development.


1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Stark

Four major air masses, tropical maritime (mT), polar maritime (mP), arctic maritime (mA), and arctic continental (cA) may be used in describing the winter climate of a lodgepole needle miner (Recurvaria starki Free.) outbreak area. The main circulation is from the north and west which results in a predominance of mP and cA air. Local topography and its effect on winter climate is described for four areas now sampled on a life-table basis. Variations in winter mortality from year to year and between sampling areas are related to climate. Extensive invasions of cA air, particularly of long duration, cause lethal winter temperatures. Winter mortality usually occurs during the coldest month, January, and may be exceptionally high when extreme minima of −30° F to −40° F persist long enough to depress the monthly mean temperature close to O° F. However, less extreme temperatures in other months may result in similar high mortalities if these are unseasonably low. The climatic conditions causing high mortality generally occur at the tops of slopes and at valley bottoms, allowing the middle slopes to serve as "refuge areas" for surviving needle miner populations.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
N.N. Petrova ◽  
V.V. Portnyagina ◽  
V.V. Mukhin ◽  
E.S. Kyzmina

<p>The operability of frost-resistant industrial sealing rubbers on the basis of full-scale exposure of rubber samples in the environment of oil in cold climate has been investigated. It is found that interaction of rubbers with oil media (fuel, lubricants) causes diffusion of a plasticizer from the elastomer material into the contacting medium and decrease of frost resistance coefficient. Choosing the material for production of different seals for the conditions of the North one must use rubbers with significant temperature range of operation, for example propylen-oxide elastomer, which is highly frost resistant  and has a stable set of operational properties.</p>


Author(s):  
A.N. Frolov ◽  
◽  
I.V. Grushevaya ◽  
A.G. Kononchuk ◽  
T.A. Ryabchinskaya ◽  
...  

During summer 2019, pilot tests were conducted in the Eastern part of the Krasnodar Krai and in the North of the Voronezh Region on two volatile semiochemicals of maize (phenylacetaldehyde and 4-methoxy-2-phenethyl alcohol) to monitor the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis number in comparison with sex pheromones. Traps with semiochemical lure caught significantly more pest adults than traps with sex pheromone – in the Voronezh Region by 16.5 times, and in the Krasnodar Krai by 2.4 times. At the same time, about half of the moths attracted by semiochemical lure were females, whose information value for forecasting is significantly higher than that of males. The results obtained indicate that semiochemical lure can be used for monitoring pests, especially in the Northern foci of its harm, where traps with sex pheromones cannot provide reliable monitoring of the insect


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