scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of walnut winter hardiness in the Voronezh region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.А. Славский ◽  
М.П. Чернышов
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
The North ◽  
Voronezh Region

Широкому введению ореха грецкого в культуру севернее зоны существующего ареала распространения, в частности, в Воронежскую область, препятствует ряд причин, наиболее значимой из которых является недостаточная его зимостойкость. В связи с этим выявление, отбор и улучшение свойств зимостойких сортов и форм ореха грецкого, способных к росту и полноценному плодоношению севернее зоны естественного ареала, являются главными задачами селекционной работы. Эти задачи вполне решаемы с учетом высокого уровня индивидуальной изменчивости адаптивных признаков у отобранных растений ореха грецкого в исследуемом регионе. Изучены садовые, парковые и полезащитные насаждения, плантации, ландшафтные группы и отдельно стоящие деревья. При определении устойчивости растений к неблагоприятным климатическим факторам использованы общепринятые методики. Для оценки зимостойкости разработан новый подход к определению комплексной устойчивости растений в зимний период, состоящей из суммарных показателей морозостойкости, морозоустойчивости и устойчивости к резким перепадам температур, поскольку эти адаптивные признаки имели наибольшие уровни значимости. Предложенная ускоренная комплексная оценка зимостойкости имеет большое преимущество, по сравнению со стандартной методикой, для достоверного определения которой требовались наблюдения за несколько лет. Выявлены значительные сходства между опытными и аппроксимированными результатами зимостойкости (критерий согласия Пирсона = 12,6). При этом выровненные абсолютные величины зимостойкости незначительно превышали практические. Это связано, в первую очередь, с приспособленностью к климатическим условиям Воронежской области и высокой восстановительной способностью большинства растений. Wide introduction of walnut in culture to the North of the zone of the existing area of distribution, in particular in the Voronezh region, is hampered by a number of reasons, the most significant of which is insufficient winter hardiness. In this regard, the identification, selection and improvement of the properties of winter-hardy varieties and forms of walnut, capable of full valuable growth and fruiting outside the natural area, is the main breeding task. This problem looks quite solvable, taking into account the high level of individual variability of adaptive features in the selected walnut forms in the studied region. Studied garden and field plantings, plantations, landscape group and separately standing trees. In determining the resistance of plants to adverse climatic factors used conventional techniques. For the assessment of winter hardiness the new approach to determination of complex stability of plants in the winter period consisting of total indicators of frost resistance, frost resistance and resistance to sharp changes of temperatures is developed, since these adaptive features had the highest levels of significance. The proposed accelerated complex assessment of winter hardiness has a great advantage compared to the standard methodology, for the reliable determination of which it was necessary to observe for several years. Discovered significant similarities between the experienced and the approximable results of winter hardiness (assessment criterion Pirson = 12.6). At the same time, the theoretical values of winter hardiness were slightly higher than the practical ones. This is due, first of all, to the adaptability to the climatic conditions of the Voronezh region and the high regenerative capacity of most plants.

scholarly journals Zoning of Juglans Regia in the Voronezh Region in the Zones of Resistance to Adverse Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Славский ◽  
V. Slavskiy ◽  
Дарья Тимащук ◽  
Darya Timashchuk ◽  
Алексей Мироненко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
The North ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

Given the high value of nuts of the genus Juglans, the increase of production must come not only by identifying and breeding the best varieties and forms, but also by shifting the limits of cultivation to the North, in "new" regions, where nut culture was not widespread. Objects of research were local forms of walnut, which grows in 19 administrative districts of the Voronezh region. Studied garden and field plantings, plantations, landscape group and separately standing trees. In determining the resistance of plants to adverse climatic factors used conventional techniques. The primary limiting factor for walnut is hardiness, hindering its mass deployment in culture to the North of the existing zone distribution. It hardiness has the worst indicator (2.26 points), compared to the other sustainability criteria. The maximum correlation of winter temperature are marked with the figures of March (r= 0.48) and April (r=0,45). It is established that neither the mean monthly climatic parameters separately does not show a high correlation with the winter hardiness of walnut, so you should consider set of factors. With the help of the dispersion analysis identified the most significant group of climatic factors that determine the successful development of plants, which were taken as a basis for conducting zoning. The greatest influence on the winter hardiness of walnut have a sum of active temperatures (above + 5°C) – ή =0.62 and as a consequence, the annual average temperature (°C) – ή =0.53. In order for the hardiness of the walnut was at an acceptable level, it is essential to acquire the sum of active temperatures more than 3000 °C. it is Revealed that with varying degrees of success walnuts can be grown in all districts of the Voronezh region. Selected 4 functional areas according to the degree of resistance to adverse factors.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABILITY OF NUTS OF THE GENUS JUGLANS TO NEGATIVE WINTER TEMPERATURES IN THE VORONEZH REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Славский ◽  
V. Slavskiy ◽  
Михаил Чернышов ◽  
Mikhail Chernyshov
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Negative Temperatures ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Stable Forms

Given the high value of Juglans nuts, the increase in their production should not only be due to the identification and breeding of the best forms, but also by shifting the established border of cultivation to the North. In this regard, the main purpose of the work is to study and analyze the adaptive characteristics of plants in winter. The paper considers garden, park and field protection plantations, plantations, landscape groups and stand-alone trees of Juglans family nuts on adaptive signs of frost resistance and frost stability, as well as the most stable forms, which should form the basis of the breeding fund. Comparison of resistance of the genus Juglans to the various factors of ethnology gives the following results: decreasing resistance to low negative temperatures, plants can be placed as J. cenerea, J. manshurica, J. nigra, J. cordiformis, J. regia.

scholarly journals Flower microphenology of Hungarian sour cherry cultivars in Iran climatical conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Davarynejad ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
M. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Variation ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Opening Up

Determination of flower microphenology for selecting the suitable pollinizer for sour cherry cultivars is of significant importance. In order to study the flower microphenology of Hungarian sour cherry (Bőtermő, Érdi jubileum and Cigány) cultivars in Mashhad climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted in I998. 1999, 2005 and 2006, using a completely randomized design with ten replications. The phenological stages were determined from before opening up to browning phase of stigma. Duration of pollen shedding, stigma receptivity and climatic factors were measured. The relative time of flowering between cultivars varied from year to year. The data indicate, the thermal variation strongly contributes to significant differences in duration of stigma viability, although there wasn't a significant difference between cultivars in anther dehiscence period. Phenological stages of flowers are highly affected by meteorological factors in various years.

scholarly journals Preliminary observations on winter-hardy Agave spp. in Hungarian rock garden

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Szabó-Mohácsi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Companion Plants ◽  
Private Collections

In the recent three decades several winter-hardy succulent collections were established in Hungary. These collections belong to winter-hardy cacti and their companion plants the agaves too. The agaves are much more rare than cacti and only few species can tolerate Hungarian climate conditions without any guard. When selecting the species, winter-hardiness has to be considered which includes all factors in the winter period. Observations were performed for frost resistant or winter-hardy Agave species in private collections. The recent paper gives information on 7 species of Agave and try to help the determination of the plants outside in the ground.

scholarly journals Distribution of Testudo graeca in the western Mediterranean according to climatic factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Daniel Anadón ◽  
Andrés Giménez ◽  
Eva Graciá ◽  
Irene Pérez ◽  
Marcos Ferrández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
North African ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
The North

Despite being one of the most charismatic elements of the Mediterranean Basin fauna and its threatened status, the western Mediterranean range of Testudo graeca is at present very poorly known. The present work provides the most detailed geographical and ecological description for the North African clade of T. graeca so far. We gathered 283 occurrence data of T. graeca in North Africa and modelled the distribution by means of presence-only distribution modelling tools. The obtained model was then projected to southern Europe in order to explore whether the environmental characteristics of European populations fall into the predicted niche of the species in North Africa. T. graeca showed a wide environmental range in North Africa. Presence localities ranged from the sea level to 2090 m of altitude and from 116 to 1093 mm of annual precipitation. The presence-only model indicates that distribution in North Africa is mainly related to rainfall, specifically rainfall values in the wettest and coldest quarter of the year. The distribution model showed a range of ca. 1 000 000 km2. The projection of the model to southern Europe showed that the southern Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, as well as most Mediterranean islands, present climatic conditions within those found in the range of the species in North Africa.

Intra-annual climatic signal in tree rings of Larix sp. based on the Vaganov-Shashkin model output

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fonti ◽  
Olga Churakova (Sidorova) ◽  
Ivan Tychkov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

<p>Air temperature increase and change in precipitation regime have a significant impact on northern forests leading to the ambiguous consequences due to the complex interaction between the ecosystem plant components and permafrost. One of the major interests in such circumstances is to understand how tree growth of the main forest species of the Siberian North will change under altering climatic conditions. In this work, we applied the process-based Vaganov-Shashkin model (VS - model) of tree growth in order to estimate the daily impact of climatic conditions on tree-ring width of larch trees in northeastern Yakutia (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) and eastern Taimyr (Larix gmelinii Rupr. (Rupr.) for the period 1956-2003, and to determine the extent to which the interaction of climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) is reflected in the tree-ring anatomical structure. Despite the location of the study sites in the harsh conditions of the north, and temperature as the main limiting factor, it was possible to identify a period during the growing season when tree growth was limited by lack of soil moisture. The application of the VS-model for the studied regions allowed establishing in which period of the growing season the water stress is most often manifest itself, and how phenological phases (beginning, cessation, and duration of larch growth) vary among the years.</p><p>The research was funded by RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-44-240001 and by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (projects FSRZ-2020-0010).</p>

STUDY OF PINE STRAWBERRY FROST RESISTANCE BY ARTIFICIAL FREEZING METHOD

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Z E. Ozherelyeva ◽  
M. I. Zubkova ◽  
D. A. Krivushina
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Main Components

The study of the frost resistance was carried out in 2017–2019 on the basis of the Laboratory of Physiology of Fruit Plant Resistance, Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding. Strawberry cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin (‘Kokinskaya Rannia’, ‘Rosinka’, ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tzaritza’, ‘Urozhaynaya TzGL’ – Russia; ‘Sara’ – Sweden; ‘Alba’, ‘Marmolada’ – Italy; ‘Korona’, ‘Sonata’ – Holland) were used as experimental material. The frosts resistance of strawberry varieties was studied in the laboratory conditions was used by artificial freezing. A model of strawberry plant selection was developed to determine the main components of winter hardiness. On the basis of preparation of plant samples for modeling of damaging factors of the winter period, storage conditions of experimental plants were developed. Plant hardening and modeling of damaging factors of the winter period were carried out with the additional modification for strawberries. As a result of the artificial freezing, the damage to the tissues of rhizome and apical buds of shoots of strawberry varieties of different ecological and geographical origin were evaluated in early winter period and during thaws in winter. It was determined that the decrease in the temperature to -15°C at the end of November did not cause irreversible damage to the strawberry varieties. The decrease in the temperature to -20°C in early December increased the damage to the studied strawberry varieties. During the winter it was determined that the strawberry response to the thaw increased by the end of the winter period. The decrease in frost resistance is primarily due to the resumption of growth processes under the influence of positive temperatures. As a result of determining the components of winter hardiness, the varieties Solovushaka, Tzaritza (Russia), Sara (Sweden) and Korona (Holland) showed the greatest potential of frost resistance.

scholarly journals Cultivation of grapes in the conditions of forest-steppe zone of Kharkiv region: modern status and prospects

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Multi Stage

The purpose of this article is to highlight the possibilities of successful grape growing based on the use of agro-climatic resources of the Eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine, in particular, the relevant areas of Kharkiv region. Main material. Attention is drawn to the needs to intensify research and practical activities on the cultivation of grapes in the region. In the agricultural sector of Ukraine interest in cultivating grapes is growing in more in northern areas, than in its traditional distribution area. An urgent task is a more thorough study of agro-climatic conditions, clarifi cation of agro-clima tic zoning of this culture and the development of practical recommendations. This is especially true of the Eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine and its individual areas, including the northern part of Kharkiv region. This industry, judging by the success of farms and individual economies, can be highly profi table throughout the region but with some reservations. Currently, one of the problems of viticulture is to obtain suffi cient yield to supply the population. For this purpose, the author identifi es the features of the natural conditions of the region. Clarifi cation of agro-climatic features of the territory can be considered as a multi-stage task of agro-climatic zoning at diff erent levels. The Eastern forest-steppe region should be considered as part of a large agroecosystem, occupying a signifi cant place in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Of particular interest are the climatic indicators, the assessment of which allows to justify the grape culture management. These indicators are grouped together. The most important of them are temperature, humidity, light conditions and features of the winter period. Distribution of rainfall (fl ow of water) in the phases of grapes development during the active growing season is also important. It is also necessary to pay a???? ention to the use of other indicators. Most of them are closely related to the hydrothermal coeffi cient (HTC) - the simplest and most informative indicator. It should be added that using special agricultural techniques cultivation of certain grape varieties can be possible in the north-east of Ukraine. Conclusions. The study of suitable forest-steppe agrometeorological regions in Kharkiv region for growing grapes in natural conditions continues to be relevant. This difficult task requires a lot of effort and involvement of specialists.

Winter resistance of plants Darmera peltata (Torr. ex Bent.) Voss in introduction conditions of Kiev

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Швец ◽  
Е.В. Колесниченко
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
National University ◽  
Ground Conditions

Вид Darmera peltata (Torr. еx Benth.) Voss характеризуется широким ареалом интродукции и культивирования во многих странах Западной и Северной Европы как красивоцветущее и декоративно-лиственное растение. Вид D. peltata имеет высокие показатели декоративности, в частности раннее и продолжительное цветение, многочисленные соцветия со светло-розовыми цветами, большие по форме и размерам листья, сохраняющие свою декоративность до заморозков. Усиленный интерес к этому виду связан с его экологической пластичностью: растения могут одновременно расти на затененных, влажных и переувлажненных участках. Введение в культуру растений D. peltata в г. Киеве сдерживают недостаточные сведения о биологической устойчивости растений к неблагоприятным факторам в течение осеннего, зимнего и весеннего периодов. Исследовалась зимостойкость растений D. peltata в условиях интродукции г. Киева. Изучались особенности культивирования растений в условиях открытого грунта. Объектами исследования служили растения D. peltata коллекционного участка Ботанического сада Национального университета биоресурсов и природопользования Украины. Морозостойкость растений D. peltata определяли методом прямого лабораторного промораживания по уровню повреждения корневища. Исследования проведены в лаборатории отдела физиологии растений Института садоводства НААН Украины согласно методике М.А. Соловьевой. Промораживание корней растений проводили при температуре -5, -8, -12 и -16 °С. Определено, что зимостойкость растений D. peltata обусловлена не только генетическими особенностями, но и состоянием подготовленности растений к зимнему периоду (время окончания роста осенью, условия питания растений в течение вегетационного сезона, поражение болезнями и вредителями). Погодные условия осеннего периода г. Киева характерны постепенным сокращением фотопериода и умеренным снижением температуры воздуха, что благоприятно для успешного перехода растений в состояние покоя и накопления ими питательных веществ. В течение зимнего периода не обнаружено таких явлений, как выпревание, вымокание и выпирание растений D. peltata из почвы. Сильные морозы и перепады температур воздуха не причинили существенных повреждений их корневищам, так как температура почвы в этот период оставалась относительно стабильной, обусловленной наличием снежного покрова. Результаты проведения лабораторного промораживания растений D. peltata свидетельствуют об их высокой, фактически потенциальной морозостойкости. Сделан вывод, что условия г. Киева вполне благоприятны для зимования растения D. peltata в открытом грунте. Species of Darmera peltata (Torr. ex Benth.) Voss is characterized by a wide areal of introduction and cultivation in many countries of Western and Northern Europe as a beautiful-flowering and decorative foliage plant. Species of D. peltata has high decorative performance, in particular, early and continuous flowering, numerous florets with light pink flowers, large in shape and size leaves that retain their decorative effect until frost. Enhanced interest by this species associated with its ecological plasticity: the plants can grow in the shade, wet and waterlogged areas at the same time. Introduction in culture plants of D. peltata in Kiev is limited by insufficient information about biological resistance of plants to adverse factors during autumn, winter and spring period. The purpose of work was researching the winter reistance plants of D. peltata in introduction conditions of Kyiv and the provisioning of information according to the features of cultivation of plants in open ground conditions. Winter resistance of D. peltata was studied in Kiev, located in the north of Ukraine. The objects of study were plants of D. peltata of the collection area of Botanical Garden of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Frost resistance plants of D. peltata was determined by direct laboratory freezing the level of damage to the roots. Researches was made in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology of the Institute of Horticulture NAAS of Ukraine according to the method of M.A. Solovieva. Freezing plant roots was carried out at the temperature of -5, -8, -12 and -16 °C. It was determined that the winter resistance plants of D. peltata depends not only on genetic characteristics but also the state of preparing plant to the winter period (the end time of growth in autumn, the conditions of plant food during the growing season, a defeat diseases and pests). The weather conditions of autumn period in Kiev characterized by a gradual reduction of photoperiod and moderate decreasing of air temperature that is favorable to their successful transition to the resting state, and the accumulation of nutrients. Researching the plants of D. peltata during the winter period is not found out such phenomena as the damping-off, waterlogging and bulging the plants from the soil. Heavy frosts and air temperature changes did not cause significant damage to rhizomes of plant D. peltata, as the soil temperature during this period remained relatively stable due to the presence of snow. The results of the laboratory freezing plants of D. peltata show about the high actual and potential frost resistance. That is why, the conditions of Kiev is quite favorable for wintering plants of D. peltata in the open ground.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of studying adaptive properties of soft winter wheat of foreign breeding in the natural climatic conditions of the South foothill zone of the North-West Caucasus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
M. V. Kuzenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

A phased research work was carried out in the natural and climatic conditions of the southern foothill zone of the North-West Caucasus to study and identify adaptive properties and economically significant traits in various wheat lines bred by the Research Institute of Field Crops in the city of Dingxi, Gansu province (the PRC). The research was carried out to study and isolate grain productivity, resistance to the conditions of the autumn-winter period, lodging and diseases, as well as searching for a new source material for breeding work with a winter wheat crop. The studies included phenological observations, assessment of resistance to abiotic and biotic factors, analysis of sheaf material. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the tested wheat samples had differences in resistance to unfavorable conditions of the autumn-winter period. In the first year of the research, samples No. 1, No. 2 died, so did No. 6 in the second year. The stability of overwintered samples was marked at the level of 7 points. Samples No. 10, No. 11 were characterized by low resistance to lodging. The main part of the studied material of winter wheat had a growing season with sprouts and heading 6-8 days shorter than the standard Grom variety. Sample No. 2 was distinguished by the maximum distribution and development of brown rust, No. 7 – by Septoria disease. The grain yield varied at the level of 90–310 g/m2. Sample No. 4 (310 g/m2) and No. 7 (270 g/m2) showed a significantly higher grain yield than the standard of Grom variety (220 g/m2). The mass of 1 000 grains ranged from 30,0 g to 46,1 g. The height of the plants varied in the range of 55,2–111,9 cm. Sample No. 16 had the longest spike (9,8 cm). According to the number of grains of the main spike and the weight of grain, No. 16 stood out from the main spike. The maximum grain weight per plant was shown by No. 15 (5,6 g), No. 16 (4,8 g), No. 12 (5,1 g). The results of the initial comprehensive assessment indicate the possible use of these lines in agricultural production, as well as a starting material. Prospects for further study have been considered.

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