INTERNAL CONTROL IN DETERMINING OF SEED RAW COTTON YIELD

1970 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
D. K. Rashidova ◽  
М. M. Yakubov ◽  
Sh. T. Sharipov ◽  
N. M. Mamedov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
North Latitude ◽  
Research Institute

Laboratory and field experiments were carried out at the experimental site of the Research Institute of Breeding, Seed Production and Agricultural Technology of Cotton Growing, located in the Kibray District of the Tashkent Region at 42 degrees north latitude, at an altitude of 481 m above sea level. The soil is a typical, cultivated gray soil of old irrigation from the Boz-Su main channel. Agrotechnical measures were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Uzbek Cotton Research Institute for the conditions of typical gray soils with deep groundwater. For each fruit branch the weight of one capsule, the number and weight of 1000 seed pieces were determined under laboratory conditions, their germination. It is shown that the high quality of cotton seeds guarantees control over their varietal and sowing characteristics. The yield, and therefore the number and size of the bolls are influenced by many factors – climate, soil, growing zones, annual rates of NPK mineral fertilizers, irrigation regime, agrotechnical methods, and others. Most of all yield volume depends on the rate of application of mineral fertilizers. On sown areas the field germination of cotton seeds, as a rule, is no more than 75-80%. Bringing it to 90% and above will provide the most complete plant stand density, while the seeding rate will decrease and the weight of 1000 seed pieces will increase. It was revealed that this indicator in comparison with the number of seeds in one seed capsule by the tightness of the connection, is characterized by a curvilinear dependence with a correlation ratio η = 0.885. The closeness of the connection between the field seeds germination and the opening of the capsules was established: with it’s increasing the percentage of opening decreases.

THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF LONG-FLAX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Seeds

The purpose of research: to improve the technology of growing flax in the Western region of Ukraine on the basis of the introduction of systems for minimizing tillage, which will increase the yield of trusts and seeds. Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field experiments included the study of three tillage systems (traditional, canning and mulching) and determining their impact on growth and development and yields of trusts and flax seeds. The traditional tillage system included the following operations: plowing with a reversible plow to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage. The conservation system is based on deep shelfless loosening of the soil and provided for chiseling to a depth of 40 cm, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing, pre-sowing tillage. During the implementation of the mulching system, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage with a combined unit was carried out. Tillage implements and machines were used to perform tillage operations: disc harrow BDVP-3,6, reversible plow PON-5/4, chisel PCh-3, cultivator KPSP-4, pre-sowing tillage unit LK-4. The SZ-3,6 ASTPA grain seeder was used for sowing long flax of the Kamenyar variety. Simultaneously with the sowing of flax seeds, local application of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 2 c/ha) was carried out. The application of conservation tillage allows to obtain the yield of flax trust at the level of 3,5 t/ha, which is 0,4 t/ha (12.9 %) more than from the area of traditional tillage and 0,7 t/ha (25 %) in comparison with mulching. In the area with canning treatment, the seed yield was the highest and amounted to 0,64 t/ha. The difference between this option and traditional and mulching tillage reaches 0,06 t/ha (10,3 %) and 0.10 t/ha (18.5 %), respectively. Conclusions. Preservation tillage, which is based on shelf-free tillage to a depth of 40 cm and disking to a depth of 15 cm has a positive effect on plant growth and development, yield and quality of flax.

scholarly journals The Effects of Organic Wastes on Soil and Cotton Quality with respect to the Risk of Boron and Heavy Metal Pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Müzeyyen Seçer ◽  
Ömer Lütfü Elmaci ◽  
Şafak Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Fibre Fineness

The effects on soil and cotton quality of organic wastes from medicinal and aromatic plant factories were investigated with regard to the risks of boron and heavy metal pollution. Oily cumin, oregano, oilless oregano wastes, and mineral fertilizers were applied to cotton in two field experiments performed in the years 2003 and 2006. The Pb content of the soil differed significantly in the 2003 experiment and oregano wastes had significantly decreasing effect. Boron of soil to which oily cumin wastes had been applied reached a toxic limit value in 2006. Boron in soil adversely affected long fibres; B in leaves had a positive effect on the fineness of fibres in 2006. Soil Ni adversely affected plant height in 2006 and seed cotton yield in 2003. Leaf Ni had an adverse effect on fibre elasticity in 2006. Soil Co increased ginning out-turn and Cr decreased the fibre fineness of cotton in 2003.

scholarly journals Influence of microbial preparations and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Chaikovskaya ◽  
◽  
V.V. Klyuchenko ◽  
M.I. Baranskaya ◽  
O.L. Ovsienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Biological Farming

The use of biological products based on effective strains of microorganisms with a range of useful properties is one of the aspects of biological farming. The long-term field experiments were conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea. А positive effect of the combined use of mineral fertilizers (NPK calculated at P30) and pre-sown inoculation of seeds (biopreparation based on L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3) on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain was shown. The increase in grain productivity of winter wheat by 31 % compared to control (on average for 3 years) and grain quality indicators: protein and gluten – up to 12.5% and 28.0 % (in the control 9.9% and 19.2%, respectively) was revealed.

scholarly journals Reserves for the Increase of Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Grain and Their Dependence on the Heterogeneity of Crops in the Conditions of the Steppe Zone of the Orenburg Urals, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Gulyanov ◽  
A. A. Chibilyov ◽  
A. A. Chibilyov Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality

Aim. Verification of scientific concepts regarding the spatial heterogeneity of field agrocenoses. Identification of the variability of phytometric and structural crop ndicators and determination of the degree of their influence on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain in the steppe zone of the Orenburg Urals.Material and Methods. Establishment of field experiments, related observations and counts in accordance with the methodology of state variety crops testing and B.A.Dospekhov's guidelin. Monitoring of winter wheat crops was carried by measuring the vegetation index (NDVI) with a Green Seeker Handheld Crop Sensor, Model HCS‐100 (Trimble, USA). Determination of grain quality indicators was conducted according to GOST 9353‐2016 Wheat – Technical Conditions. Microsoft Office Excel was employed for the correlation and regression analysis of experimental data. Results. Analysis of the intra‐field heterogeneity of winter wheat agrocenoses in terms of yield and grain quality was conducted. The dependences of yield and grain quality on the principal crop phytometric and structural parameters were defined and expressed in the form of regression equations.Сonclusion. The results of the studies attest to the growth of reserves of grain yield to 3.0 t/ha and grain quality to class I‐II class in zonal climatic conditions of optimization of environmental factors to the level of the best basic plots by levelling out field soil heterogeneity. This is possible by restoring the fertility of anthropogenically‐degraded soil through the introduction of landscape‐adaptive and resource saving farming systems, soil protective and soil restorative crop rotation, differentiated application of organic and mineral fertilizers and selection of the most adaptive varieties. We also advise the introduction of intelligent ‘digital technologies’ aimed at fuller implementation of the genetic potential of cultivated varieties with careful consideration of natural resources and the preservation of biological diversity.

scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND FIELD GERMINATION OF WINTER TRITICALE DEPENDING ON VARIETY AND NORMAL SEEDING SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Леонид Шашкаров ◽  
Leonid Shashkarov ◽  
Светлана Толстова ◽  
Svetlana Tolstova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Plant Stand

The article deals with the issues of plant density and field germination of winter triticale on gray forest soils of the southeastern part of the Volga-Vyatka zone depending on the variety and seeding rates. The question of establishing the optimum density of sowing, the area of food for grain crops served as the object of study by many researchers. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. The plant stand density and field germination of winter triticale are significantly influenced by the weather conditions formed during the growing season of winter triticale plants. With an increase in seeding rates, the plant stand density and seeding rate increases, respectively, is important for the formation of a given density of productive stalks. In production, these elements of technology are often underestimated and often unjustifiably overestimate the seeding rate, which is absolutely unnecessary, since the really possible yield is achieved at an optimal seeding rate with minimal seed consumption. The winter triticale seeding rates, both in Russia and in the world as a whole varies from 2 to 8 million viable seeds per hectare. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. Until now, there is no consensus on the dependence of planting density on the degree of fertility. Some researchers believe that nutrient-rich soil requires less seed for maximum yield. Under these conditions, the plants develop better, they bush more, the maximum yield can be obtained with a lower seeding rate. The opposite opinion that it is necessary to sow thicker on rich soils has become widespread, especially in recent years. Advocates of the bottom conclusion explain their point of view by the fact that fertile soil has a greater supply of food and moisture, therefore, more plants can be grown on the same area, which means that the seeding rate should be increased [1,2.3,4.5,6,7]. Research results indicate that winter triticale with increasing seeding rates increases plant density and field germination of winter triticale plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of grass mixtures of a lawn type in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-714
Author(s):  
O. A. Timoshkin ◽  
O. Yu. Timoshkina ◽  
E. V. Timoshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Projective Cover ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga

In 2019-2020, the quality of lawn-type grass mixtures based on creeping clover (Trifolium repens L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), pasture ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and meadow bluegrass (Poa pratensis) was evaluated in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region (Penza region). The studied factors are the composition of the mixtures (creeping clover + bluegrass component), the seeding rates of the components (40 + 70 %; 55 + 55 %; 70 + 40 %) and the background of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers, P45K45, N30P45K45). The growing season during the years of research was characterized by arid conditions, the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the period May-September in 2019 was 0.79, in 2020 - 0.76. On average, over two years of grass mixtures of creeping clover with meadow bluegrass at a seeding rate of 40 + 70 % and 70 + 40 % (from the seeding rate in pure form), creeping clover with meadow fescue with a seeding rate of 70 + 40 % components at all doses of mineral fertilizers had the highest comprehensive assessment of the quality of the lawn. The grass mixtures of creeping clover with meadow bluegrass (70 + 40 %) and creeping clover with meadow fescue (70 + 40 %) against the background of application of N30P45K45 had the maximum indicators in terms of herbage density (1425 and 1475 pcs/m2), which significantly exceeded the control and the variant with the introduction of Р45К45. In these variants, the highest indicators of projective cover (97.5 %) and a comprehensive assessment of "excellent" and "highest quality". According to weediness, the crops were estimated at 1 point (slightly weedy), per 1 m2 of annual and biennial weeds there were 24-27 pcs., rhizome weeds - less than 10 pcs. per 1 m2, the area of weed projective cover did not exceed 5 %.

scholarly journals Co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers under deficit irrigation improves the fruit quality of the Wonderful pomegranate

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11328
Author(s):  
Khalid F. Almutairi ◽  
Mahmoud Abdel-Sattar ◽  
Ahmed M. Mahdy ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Mahrouky
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The Individual

Background The aim of this study was to determine the individual and interactive effects of various irrigation regimes and fertilizer treatments on the quality of the Wonderful pomegranate cultivar. Methods Two field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to determine the individual and interactive effects of various organic and mineral fertilizer treatments on the fruit quality of the Wonderful pomegranate under various irrigation conditions. A split-plot experimental design was used, in which the main plots included three levels of irrigation (100%, 80%, and 60% of evapotranspiration) while the subplots included five fertilizer treatments with different co-application ratios of mineral and organic fertilizers. Results All tested physicochemical properties of the fruit were significantly affected by the irrigation treatment, with irrigation at 80% of evapotranspiration representing the best strategy for reducing water use and improving fruit quality. Moreover, the co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on fruit quality, with 75% mineral + 25% organic fertilizer improving all of the physical and chemical properties of the fruit in both experimental seasons. Irrigation and the co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers also had a significant interaction effect on the physicochemical attributes of fruit, which further increased fruit quality. Conclusions The co-application of organic and mineral fertilizers produced better quality pomegranate fruit than mineral fertilizer alone under deficit irrigation conditions. This technique could therefore be applied to improve the fruiting of horticultural trees in arid growing regions.

Mineral Fertilizers and Plant Growth Retardants: Its Effects on Cottonseed Yield, Quality and Contents

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
Zakaria M. Sawan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cottonseed Protein ◽  
Egyptian Cotton ◽  
Cottonseed Yield

 Cotton is the principal crop of Egyptian agriculture, it is grown mainly for its fiber, but cottonseed products are also of economic importance. Cottonseed is presently the main source of edible oil and meal for livestock in Egypt. Economic conditions in modern agriculture demand high crop yields in order to be profitable and consequently meet the high demand for food that comes with population growth. Oil crop production can be improved by development of new high yielding varieties, and the application of appropriate agronomic practices. There is limited information about the most suitable management practice for application of N, P, K, Zn, Ca and PGRs in order to optimize the quantity and quality of oil and protein of cottonseed. In maximizing the quantity and quality of a crop's nutritional value in terms of fatty acids and protein, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, foliar application of zinc and calcium, the use of a plant growth retardant (Pix), on cottonseed, protein, oil yields, and oil properties of Egyptian cotton. From the findings of this study, it seems rational to recommended applied of N, P, K, foliar application of Zn and Ca, the use of PGR Pix, could bring about better impact on cottonseed yield, seed protein content, oil and protein yields, oil refractive index, unsaponifiable matter, and unsaturated fatty acids in comparison with the ordinary cultural practices adopted by Egyptian cotton producers.  

Yield and quality of wheat grain with mild winter wheat depending on the variety and seeding rate in different soil and climatic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
I.V. Petunenko ◽  
S.M. Kalenska ◽  
P. Liebhard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Control Variant

In Ukraine and Austria in 2012 − 2014 was researched the features of yield formation and grain quality of six varieties winter wheat of Ukrainian and Austrian selection with different seeding and fertilizing rates. Field research conducted in three field experiments: 1) Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (PC NULES “Agronomic Research Station,” v. Pshenychne Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region); 2) zone of sufficient moisture in Austria (Wald und Myulfirtel, p. Kauttsen, North of Lower Austria); zone of unstable moisture of Austria (Nordostlyhes Flah und Hyuhelland, v. Leopoldsdorf, East of Lower Austria). Field multifactor experiments was laid on the same pattern in each of the farms in 2012 – 2014: variety (factor A); rate of nitrogen nutrition (factor B), seeding rate (C factor). Were chosen six varieties, genetically different by baking quality and origin: strong varieties – Lybid, Joseph, Midas, Capo; valuable – Balaton, Polis’ka90. Nitrogen was applicated by next four graduation(with introduction during vegetation under phases: autumn tillering – ВВСН 10-21 / spring tillering – ВВСН 25-29 / booting – ВВСН 30-31 Earing – ВВСН 51- 59): D1 – control without nitrogen; D2 – 120 kg / ha a.i .(0/60/60/0); D3 – 180 (0/60/60/60); D4 – 150 kg / ha a.i. (30/60/60/0). The article presents experimental data from two options of nitrogen supply – con­ trol without nitrogen (D1) and the maximum standards for nitrogen fertilization in three applying – 180 (0/60/60/60) kg / ha a.i. (D3). Seeding rate: 3,0; 4.0 and 5.0 million germinated seeds per hectare. Phosphorus and potassium – 90 kg a. i., applied as background during primary tillage. Preceded of winter wheat – winter rape. In average during years of research the highest yield made – 9.07 tonnes / ha in conditions of East Austria (p. Leopoldsdorf), North Austria (p. Kauttsen) – 9,42 and Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (v. Psenychne) – 8.65 t / ha with application of nitrogen (D3). In control variant was observed significant fluctuations in yield – from 3.51 (v. Psenychne) to 5.21 t / ha (v. Leopoldsdorf). There is significant dependence between wheat yields with weather conditions of the year. Find out the optimum seeding grades for conditions of Ukraine and Austria. Estimation of the ecological plas­ ticity and stability of winter wheat varieties were studied. Determinants of wheat quality formation were acertained. The highest mass fraction of protein was achieved by growing strong varieties and introduction of 180 kg / ha N (D3) in all experiments, in average of the study years, in section of soil and climatic conditions (untypical droughty 2012 for v. Leopoldsdorf was excluded). The highest protein content in conditions of Right-Bank Forrest-Steppe of Ukraine obtained at level 15.8%; East Austria – 15.4% and North Austria – 15.0%. Control variant, without nitrogen, allowed to evaluate the potential of soil and variety in the studied environmental conditions – the aver­ age protein content in grain in conditions of Austria reached 12.2% (v. Leopoldsdorf) and 12.4% (v. Kauttsen), of Ukraine – 11.6% (v. Psenychne).

scholarly journals Biogas digestate – benefits and risks for soil fertility and crop quality – an evaluation of grain maize response

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Przygocka-Cyna ◽  
Witold Grzebisz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biogas Digestate ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maize Response ◽  
Concentration Limits

AbstractThe agricultural usability of biogas digestate solids (BDS) as a soil amendment depends upon its impact on soil fertility and the content of minerals in the edible part of the grown crop. This hypothesis was verified in a series of field experiments with maize conducted between 2014 and 2016 at Brody, Poland. The two-factorial experiment consisted of the DBS application method (broadcast and row) and its rate: 0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 t ha–1. The post-harvest analysis of soil fertility showed that BDS can, at least partly, replace mineral fertilizers. The supply of N-NO3 to maize as a growth driving factor was significantly limited by a shortage of iron, potassium and, to some extent, magnesium. As recorded in 2016, the shortage of available Fe resulted in a low/pool of N-NO3, thus significantly decreasing the yield of grain. The shortage of K supply to grain created a pathway for the accumulation of other elements, including heavy metals. The disadvantage of the N-NO3 pool increase, due to the DBS application, was concomitant with the enhanced intake of cadmium and lead, which consequently exceeded their permissible concentration limits in grain. These unfavorable results of biogas digestate impact on the quality of maize grain can be ameliorated by incorporating zinc into the biogas type of soil amendment and keeping a sufficiently high level of available potassium and iron. The shortage of K can be partly overcome by a better sodium supply, however, its accumulation in grain results in an enhanced accumulation of cadmium and lead.

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