Ultramorphological Characteristics and Development Time of Immature Stages of Piophila casei (Diptera: Piophilidae)

Abstract. Piophila casei (Linneus), known as the cheese skipper fly, is a sarcosaprophagous dipteran, meaning it has a wide range of feeding habits: proteins, decaying animal and vegetable matter, and feces. The biological aspects of P. casei are relevant to several fields, including forensic entomology and human and veterinary medicine. This work presents the ultrastructure characteristics of P. casei, compares the structures present during its development using light microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and reports the development time of eggs, larvae and pupae under controlled laboratory conditions (23°C, 60% relative humidity and 12 h of light). Colony of adults previously maintained in the laboratory (third generation) was used in this study. The morphology of the insect and of structures such as the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, the anterior and posterior spiracles and the structures and organs of the head, thorax and abdomen of the first, second and third instar larvae were characterized. The total development time of the egg from laying until the emergence of the adult was 448 hours (18.66 days); this included 8 hours for embrionary development, 248 hours for larval development and 192 hours for pupal development.Ultraestrutura e tempo de desenvolvimento de estágios imaturos de Piophila casei (Linneus)Resumo. Piophila casei (Linneus), conhecida como “cheese skipper fly”, é uma mosca sarcosaprófaga, possui habito alimentar diverso. Pode alimentar-se de proteínas diversas, matéria animal e vegetal em decomposição e fezes. Os aspectos biológicos de P. casei são relevantes principalmente para a entomologia forense, medicina humana e veterinária. Este trabalho apresenta características da ultraestrutura de P. casei, comparando as estruturas dos três instares larvais do desenvolvimento, utilizando microscopias de luz e eletrônica de varredura (MEV), além de descrever o tempo de desenvolvimento de ovos, larvas e pupa sob condições controladas de laboratório (23 °C, 60% humidade relativa e 12 h de luz). A morfologia geral do inseto e estruturas como o esqueleto cefalofaríngeo, os espiráculos anterior e posterior, as estruturas e órgãos da cabeça, tórax e abdômen da larva de primeiro, segundo e terceiro instares foram caracterizadas. O tempo total de desenvolvimento de ovo até a emergência do adulto foi de 448 horas (18,66 dias), sendo 8 horas para desenvolvimento embrionário, 248 horas para desenvolvimento larval e 192 horas para desenvolvimento pupal.

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Delamination Behavior of Cu-Low-k Stack Under Different Slurries

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-767-f7.3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 767 ◽

Author(s):

A. K. Sikder ◽

S. Thagella ◽

P. B. Zantye ◽

Ashok Kumar

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Chemical Mechanical Polishing ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Polished Surface ◽

Cu Metallization ◽

Wide Range ◽

Low K ◽

Delamination Behavior ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractLower mechanical strength, reduced cohesive strength and lack of compatibility with other interconnect materials, are the major challenges involved in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of Cu metallization with ultra low-k materials as interlayer dielectrics. In this study we have investigated the polishing behavior of patterned Cu samples with underneath different low-k materials using two different slurries and a wide range of machine parameters. CMP micro tribometer was used to polish the samples with different rotations of platen (50 to 250 RPM) and down forces (1-6 PSI). Friction co-efficient and wear behavior were also investigated at different conditions. Optical and scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the polished surface. It was observed that the two different Cu slurries used for polishing have marked effects on the polishing of Cu-low-k stack with respect to wear and delamination.

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Comparative morphology of myrmecophilous immature stages of European Microdon species (Diptera: Syrphidae): updated identification key and new diagnostic characters

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4789.2.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4789 (2) ◽

pp. 348-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GIULIA SCARPARO ◽

ROBERT WOLTON ◽

MARCO MOLFINI ◽

LUIGI CAO PINNA ◽

ANDREA DI GIULIO

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Sibling Species ◽

Comparative Morphology ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Outward Appearance ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Diagnostic Characters ◽

Ant Nests ◽

Scanning Electron

Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the genus Microdon Meigen have larvae that live in ant nests where they are predatory on ant larvae. Reflecting the exceptional challenges of this very specialized lifestyle, Microdon eggs, larvae and puparia are highly distinctive in their morphology. Detailed descriptions of these immature stages is, however, lacking for all but a very few species, and much of this has been limited through the sole use of light microscopes. Here, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), we present detailed, comparative descriptions of the immature stages of three European Microdon species: M. analis, M. devius and M. myrmicae. Given that many adult Microdon species are very similar to each other in their outward appearance, we demonstrate that the morphology of their immature stages can improve our understanding of the phylogeny of the genus. We also discuss how particular adaptations of the immature morphology may allow their myrmecophilous life within ant nests. In this paper new diagnostic features are also presented to distinguish M. myrmicae from its sibling species M. mutabilis—the two are morphologically indistinguishable as adults.

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Egg ultrastructure of two species of Galgupha Amyot & Serville, with a discussion of the eggs and oviposition patterns of thyreocorid and allied groups (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea: Thyreocoridae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3247.1.4 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3247 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

VIVIANA CAUDURO MATESCO ◽

FILIPE MICHELS BIANCHI ◽

LUIZ ALEXANDRE CAMPOS ◽

JOCELIA GRAZIA

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Maternal Care ◽

Oviposition Behavior ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Egg Morphology ◽

Cladistic Analyses ◽

Phylogenetic Framework ◽

Scanning Electron

Immature stages are known in only 11 species of the Thyreocoridae. In this paper, the eggs of Galgupha (Euryscytus)difficilis (Breddin) and Galgupha (Gyrocnemis) fossata McAtee & Malloch are described and illustrated. Egg morphologyand oviposition habit in the Thyreocoridae and Cydnidae are reviewed. Adults of both species were collected in SãoFrancisco de Paula municipality, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and maintained in the laboratory for oviposition. Theeggs were examined by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and photographed. In G. (E.) difficilis, theeggs were laid singly or in pairs; each egg is cylindrical (0.8 x 0.5 mm) and white and the chorion is shiny, translucent,and smooth; the micropylar processes (2–4) are short and stalked. In G. (G.) fossata, the eggs were laid singly; each eggis cylindrical (0.9 x 0.6 mm) and white and the chorion is shiny, translucent, and granulated; the micropylar processes (4–10) are short, stalked, and transversely constricted. The eggs of both species are similar to those of other thyreocorids,especially of other corimelaenines. The Thyreocoridae in the broadest sense (including the Parastrachiinae) is not auniform group concerning egg morphology, oviposition behavior, and maternal care. Within the Pentatomoidea, based onegg morphology, the Cydnidae is the group nearest to the Thyreocoridae. The evolution of the eggs in the Pentatomoidea should be investigated within a phylogenetic framework, including egg characters, in future cladistic analyses.

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Chronic Rhinosinusitis: MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Microbiological Diagnosis and Electron Microscopy Analysis; Experience of the 2nd Otorhinolaryngology Clinic of Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9123973 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 3973

Author(s):

Ionuț Isaia Jeican ◽

Lucian Barbu Tudoran ◽

Adrian Florea ◽

Mirela Flonta ◽

Veronica Trombitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

Microbiological Diagnosis ◽

Maldi Tof Ms ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Wide Range ◽

Tof Ms ◽

Scanning Electron

(1) Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) represents a wide range of infectious-inflammatory processes affecting, simultaneously, the nose and paranasal sinuses mucosa. The paper presents outcomes of the investigation of CRS microbiological characteristics in a group of 32 patients. (2) Methods: The purulent samples were collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Agar plates were incubated and examined. All types of colonies were identified using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption - Ionisation-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). For scanning electron microscopy, samples were fixed and sputter-coated with 10 nm gold and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. For transmission electron microscopy, samples were fixed, postfixed, and dehydrated. After polymerization, ultrathin sections were collected on carbon coated copper grids and analyzed with Jeol JEM1010 TEM. (3) Results: Positive microbiological diagnosis was obtained in 62.5% of cases. The most frequent species found are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus constellatus subsp. pharyngis. Corynebacterium aurimucosum and Eggerthia catenaformis were unreported species in CRS until the present. Biofilm was evidenced in 43.7% of sinus mucosa samples. Ciliary disorientation, atrophy, and no ciliated cells were also identified. (4) Conclusion: The microbial factor—pathogen or opportunistic—is one of the most important pathological links in chronic rhinosinusitis. MALDI-TOF MS allows easily and quickly identification of germs.

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Dry Sliding Tribological Properties of a Hard Anodized AA6082 Aluminum Alloy

Metals ◽

10.3390/met10020207 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Eleonora Santecchia ◽

Marcello Cabibbo ◽

Abdel Magid Salem Hamouda ◽

Farayi Musharavati ◽

Anton Popelka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Structure Characterization ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Alumina Layer ◽

Wide Range ◽

Wear Tests ◽

Scanning Electron

The applications of aluminum and its alloys are still limited by low hardness and low wear resistance properties. Surface modifications, such anodizing and plasma electrolytic oxidation, represent a feasible way to overcome these drawbacks. In this study, discs of AA6082 were subjected to the so-called G.H.A. hard anodizing process leading to an anodized layer having a honeycomb-like structure. Samples having alumina layer thicknesses of 10, 50 and 100 μm were subjected to unidirectional dry sliding wear tests, using bearing steel and silicon nitride as counterbody materials. Surface and structure characterization of the samples were performed before and after the tribological tests, using a wide range of techniques; atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used before the wear tests. The wear scars were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Results show that the different thickness of the anodized layer does not affect the pores dimensions but has an influence on the micrometric domains in which the pores are divided. These features coupled with the wear test conditions, show to have a strong influence on the wear behavior. The thinnest sample showed also the best performance against the ceramic counterbody.

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The study of proventricular micromorphological characterization of ten Grylloidea species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from China

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2906.1.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2906 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

XIAOQIANG LI ◽

BINGZHONG REN ◽

YUTING ZOU ◽

JIAN ZHANG ◽

YINLIANG WANG

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Clustering Analysis ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Critical Value ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Species Relationships ◽

Future Studies ◽

Selection Of ◽

Scanning Electron

The present study compares the proventricular morphology, analyzed under optic microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), among ten Grylloidea species. The result showed that the size of proventriculus was of critical value. Internally, the main differences were the number of sclerotized appendix (sa), middle denticles (md) and lateral denticles (ld), and the structure of lateral teeth (lt). In addition, we analyzed the crickets’ feeding habits and note that the the proventriculus possesses highly sclerotized projections which act in the selection of victuals. The morphology of proventriculus is closely related to feeding habits. A clustering analysis of seven features of the proventriculus was constructed. It revealed that the proventriculus had significance for taxonomy and species relationships. Observations on morphological characterization of proventricular morphology will be useful in future studies of the feeding habits and phylogeny of crickets.

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Synthesis of Fe2O3/CNTs for the Fast Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solutions

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.933 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 915-916 ◽

pp. 933-941 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhong Jie Zhang ◽

Chang Yu Lu ◽

Wei Huang ◽

Wei Sheng Guan ◽

Yue Xin Peng

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Magnetic Measurements ◽

Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fast Removal ◽

Scanning Electron

The effective remove to tetracycline still remains a big challenge for scientists. In this work, we used a new method for preparing functional magnetic CNTS with ferrite nanoparticles. A wide range of techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and magnetic measurements were applied to characterize the obtained Fe2O3/CNTs. Moreover, we have also studied the properties of adsorbent to tetracycline. In addition, we have found that the Fe2O3/CNTs are better reusable adsorbent than other traditional adsorbents by magnetic separation recycling method.

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Description of immatures of Galeacius martini Schouteden (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3110.1.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3110 (1) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

FILIPE M. BIANCHI ◽

THEREZA A. GARBELOTTO ◽

LUIZ A. CAMPOS

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

External Morphology ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Efferent System ◽

Scanning Electron

Scutelleridae occur worldwide, and immature stages have been scarcely studied. Galeacius Distant is a Neotropical genus currently containing four species. Here the external morphology of immatures of Galeacius martini Schouteden is described. Adults and nymphs were maintained in laboratory and fed on branches of Miconia sellowiana with fruits. The egg of G. martini is semi-spherical, reddish brown, with reticulations surrounding smaller granulated sculpturing under scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M). The nymphs from first to fifth instar have a stridulitrum plus plectrum, and 2+2 trichobothria posterior to spiracles on abdominal sternites III–VII. The dorso-abdominal scent efferent system has an evaporatorium with two distinct mycoid sculpturing, and their are two types of peritreme on medial plates II and III in first and fifth instar. The color and chorion morphology may distinguish G. martini from other scutellerid eggs so far described. New descriptions of immatures of Scutelleridae are particularly desirable, mainly with emphasis some structures on S.E.M., as stridulatory devices, dorso-abdominal scent efferent system, and trichobothria, thus improving the knowledge about the taxon.

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Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Produced by Hydrothermal Deposition of Monetite on Polyurethane Sponges Substrates

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.820 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 493-494 ◽

pp. 820-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fernanda Danielle Mishima ◽

Luis Henrique Leme Louro ◽

Felipe Nobre Moura ◽

Luciano Andrade Gobbo ◽

Marcelo Henrique Prado da Silva

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Aqueous Solution ◽

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Total Conversion ◽

X Ray ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Wide Range ◽

Scanning Electron

Hydroxyapatite scaffolds have been being produced by a wide range of processes. The optimun material to be used as bone graft has to be partially resorbable, with resorption rates similar to new bone formation ones. The samples must have porosity compatible with tissue ingrowth. Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate ceramics are good choices for designing such materials. In the present study, polymeric sponges were coated with hydroxyapatite and sintered. The method consists of coating polyurethane sponges substrates in an aqueous solution rich in phosphate (PO4)3-and calcium (Ca)2+ions. The solution is composed by 0.5M Ca(OH)2, 0.3M H3PO4and 1M CH3CHCO2HOH (lactic acid) at pH of 3.7. The sponges were immersed in a beaker with the solution and heated up to 80°C to precipitate monetite on the sponge. Continuous and adherent coatings were formed on the surface of sponges interconections. These coatings were characterised by X-ray diffractometry and the only identified phase was monetite. The substrates were converted to hydroxyapatite in an alkali solution.The total conversion from monetite to hydroxyapatite was confirmed by XRD analyses. The struts were heat treated in order to eliminate the organic sponge and sinter the scaffolds. After sintering, hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate were identified on the struts. Optical microscopy revealed the morphology of the struts, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the precipitates morphology. The method showed to be efficient in the production of porous scaffolds.

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