scholarly journals Enterprise in the Country Areas of Lower Silesiain the Condition of Market Competition

Equilibrium ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Irena Kropsz
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Silesia

The aim behind the search of the new possibilities of development of enterprise is to match the market competition and lead an effective promotion of products. The essential condition is also a profound knowledge of the market on which a particular company operates. The study relates to the analyses of 200 companies working in the country areas of the Lower Silesian province. The subject matter of the analyses concerned the ways of competing and the form of promotion; additionally, the researchers identified the kind of the market on which activities are lead, and their main recipients; moreover, the competition of different firms was estimated and the classification of barriers of enterprise development in Lower Silesia was carried out.

Part VI The Law of Property, 29 The Distinction Between Movables and Immovables

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torremans Paul
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

This chapter examines the distinction between movables and immovables under English private international law. The first task of the court in a private international law case when required to rule on the question of a proprietary or possessory nature is to decide whether the item of property in dispute is movable or immovable. The legal system that will be applicable to the case depends on this preliminary decision. This chapter first considers the classification of the subject matter of ownership into movables and immovables by the law of the situs before looking at some examples relating to mortgages, trusts for sale, and annuities. It also discusses the relevance of the distinction between realty and personalty and concludes by explaining the distinction between tangible and intangible movables.

Subjects of Tax Relations: Features of Legal Status and Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Liubov M. KАSIANENKO ◽  
Nataliа I. ATAMANCHUK ◽  
Olena O. BOIKO-SLOBOZHAN ◽  
Olena V. SHAKIROVA ◽  
Sergiy O. DANILOV
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The Subject

The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned upon the fact that nowadays, both tax law theory and the current tax legislation fail to provide a single, unified definition of the concept of ‘subject of tax relations’. Furthermore, there is no clear criteria for the division of subjects of tax relations into types, which makes it impossible to establish the exact scope of participants in tax relations, and to determine the level of their tax legal personality. The purpose of this paper is to determine the scope of participants in tax relations, to analyze and clarify the legal status of established subjects and determine the functions that they perform in tax legal relations, as well as, on the basis of the results obtained, to construct a detailed classification of subjects of tax relations. The key method of scientific research is the method of scientific modelling, because in this article, on the basis of the analysis of existing scientific positions and provisions of legislation, the authors build their own theoretical model of the subject matter, formulate a conceptual apparatus and offer their practical application. This paper examines the subjects of tax relations, examines their types, outlines the limits of their legal personality in tax relations. The analysis of national legislation and various scientific approaches provides for the classification of subjects of tax relations, the legal status and the role they play in the tax mechanism are determined. The paper develops proposals for practical content to improve the provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine on subjects of tax relations, provides author's definitions of the concept of ‘subjects of tax relations’. The provisions, conclusions, proposals and recommendations formulated in this paper can be used in: lawmaking – to improve and adopt new regulations, to amend existing legislation, to adapt them to the best European and international models; the law enforcement – to improve tax relations with the participation of public authorities; scientific research – for further study of financial and legal issues of participation of public authorities in budget relations; educational process – when teaching the subjects ‘Financial Law’, ‘Tax Law’, ‘Administrative Law’, ‘Topical Problems of Financial Law of Ukraine’ and related training courses.  

scholarly journals The concept of a certain forensic technique and its types

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
S. O. Knizhenko
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Group Species

The forensic technique is one of the sections of forensic science which task is to develop recommendations for the effective investigation of certain types of crimes. Nowadays there is no consensus among scholars about the concept of a certain forensic technique, its types, structure and tasks. The objective of the work is to determine the concept of a certain forensic technique and its types, taking into account the contemporary development of scientific ideas about criminalistics. The author of the article has revealed the modern tasks of a certain forensic technique, has determined the sphere of distribution of forensic recommendations. The classification of methods of investigation of certain types of crimes has been offered taking into account the taxonomy, which will lead the construction, implementation of new and modernization of existing forensic techniques to a new level. It has been noted that the current development of criminalistics leads to the need to apply forensic recommendations both at the stage of pre-trial investigation, and during the judicial review of criminal proceedings. In this regard, one of the tasks of a certain forensic technique is the development of methodological recommendations not only for investigators, but also for prosecutors, judges. A certain forensic technique in the opinion of the author is the system of typed criminalistic recommendations in a certain form stipulated by investigative (court) situations and by the subject matter of proving regarding the most appropriate complexes of procedural actions, operative and search activities and tactical operations, their combination with the use of technical and forensic means and tactical methods according to the type of crimes aimed at the effective detection, consolidation, evaluation and use of evidence in criminal proceedings. Types of certain forensic techniques are allocated on various features, which take into account both criminal and criminalistic criteria and make up the following levels: group, species, generic, intergeneric (complex).

Scientific Literature and the Classification of the Sciences

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
H. D. Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Decimal Point ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Mechanical Process ◽  
Decimal System ◽  
Word Classification ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

The word “classification” is used here in its sense of “the result of classifying” rather than the action of so doing. Since the resulting classification has special reference to the subject-matter of science as a whole, it is natural to turn to the scientific literature of various periods for an indication of how this classification has been developed. For sake of comparison, reference may be made to one of the modern systems of library classification. In the Dewey Decimal System the numbers 550 to 559 are allotted to Geology and 560 to 569 to Palaeontology. By placing numbers to the right of the decimal point, further sub-divisions may be made, for example, 560·942 is classed as Palaeon-tology of England. Thus a number is available for every reasonable demand of classification. The present purpose is to trace the natural evolution of the various branches of science, in contrast to the mechanical process of providing a classification of scientific literature for ease of reference. An example may make this distinction clearer.

Shaykh Mā’ al-'Aynayn al-Qalqam‛ in the folk-literature of the Spanish Sahara—I

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
H. T Norris
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way ◽  
Musical Styles

The Zawāyā, the lettered fraternity of the Westren Sahara, besides contributing works of merit to Arabic scholarship have also taken an active part in the evolution of Moorish oral and written folk-literature, in the subject-matter, the systemization and classification of poetic metres, the selection of Arabic verse in the various musical styles, and in the way that Islam, and in particular the ideas of the Ṣūfī orders of the Sahara and the Sudan, has become an integral part of the daily lives of the nomad and the oasis dweller alike.

scholarly journals The Role of Indonesian Constitutional Court in Resolving Disputes among the State Organs

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Iwan Satriawan ◽  
Khairil Azmin Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Legal Standing ◽  
The Subject

The paper attempts to assess the role of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia in the process of consolidating democracy in the country. Examinations are made on the court’s decisions regarding dispute concerning jurisdiction among state organs. This paper argues that the Constitutional Court has not made a significant impact on the promotion of democracy. It is believed that the failure of the Court to consolidate democracy through its decisions regarding dispute concerning jurisdiction among state organs could be attributed to two main reasons. The first is due to the unclear concept of subjectum litis of the petitioners to have legal standing in the Constitutional Court, and the second is the lack of understanding of the subject matter jurisdiction of the Court. Due to uncertainties only, small numbers cases registered and heard by the Constitutional Court. Furthermore, most of the cases registered in the Court either been rejected or not been accepted by the judges. Despite the misgivings, the Court is still relevant and have certain contributions towards democracy. It has to a certain extent that enhances the working of checks and balances mechanisms among state organs. It is believed that the court could be more reliable and enhance its function in promoting democracy in the country by defining clearly classification of the subjectum litis as well as the objectum litis of the dispute that it may hear.

scholarly journals Afterthoughts on Semantics of Compounds

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

This paper is primarily devoted to outlining the word-formation trends in English, specifically to compounding. Firstly, we trace a variety of attempts seeking to expose various approaches connected with word derivation, secondly, the paper reports research findings from semantic classification of compounds. Compounding has been the subject of great many linguistic discussions. However, we have shown in the article that further insights into this subject-matter can exposome unexpected trends. Somehow the research touches upon the semantics of compounds ,i.e. semantic relationships reigning between its constituents. Specifically, an attempt is made to clear up the matter concerning the definition of compounds; as we can’t find a straightforward answer to this question we try to seek areas of agreement among this great diversity of opinions.

scholarly journals Rec.: Anna Niepytalska-Osiecka, Socjolekt polskich alpinistów. Analiza leksykalno-semantyczna słownictwa, Wydawnictwo LIBRON – Filip Lohner, Kraków 2014, ss. 286

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 304-314
Author(s):  
Beata Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Subject

Review: Anna Niepytalska-Osiecka, Socjolekt polskich alpinistów. Analiza leksykalnosemantyczna słownictwa, Wydawnictwo LIBRON – Filip Lohner, Kraków 2014, 286 pp.The article is a review of Anna Niepytalska-Osiecka’s book Socjolekt polskich alpinistów. Analiza leksykalno-semantyczna słownictwa (The sociolect of Polish mountaineers. A lexical and semantic analysis of the vocabulary). First, the text summarizes the subject matter of this monograph, devoted to a hitherto undescribed variety of the Polish language. It then goes on to characterize the composition of the book and its methodology. Finally, some problematic points are indicated – concerning, among other things, the classification of the language variety analyzed or the development of its vocabulary – and alternative lexical and semantic solutions are suggested. Rec.: Anna Niepytalska-Osiecka, Socjolekt polskich alpinistów. Analiza leksykalno-semantyczna słownictwa, Wydawnictwo LIBRON – Filip Lohner, Kraków 2014, ss. 286Artykuł stanowi recenzję książki Anny Niepytalskiej-Osieckiej pt. Socjolekt polskich alpinistów. Analiza leksykalno-semantyczna słownictwa. W tekście przybliżono zawartą w monografii problematykę poświęconą nieopisanemu dotychczas wariantowi polszczyzny oraz scharakteryzowano zastosowane rozwiązania kompozycyjne i analityczne. Wskazano również punkty dyskusyjne dotyczące m.in. klasyfikacji opisywanego wariantu polszczyzny czy procesu kształtowania się jego zasobu słownego, a także zasugerowano alternatywne rozstrzygnięcia leksykalno-semantyczne.

SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS: ABORDAGEM TEÓRICO-CONCEITUAL NA PERSPECTIVA DA GEOGRAFIA FÍSICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-539
Author(s):  
Nayara Marques Santos ◽  
Denise Santos Saldanha ◽  
Diógenes Félix Da Silva Costa ◽  
Zuleide Maria Carvalho Lima
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Survey Review ◽  
Object Of Study

Os processos ecológicos dos ecossistemas são responsáveis pelo funcionamento dos sistemas ambientais e prestação de serviços para manutenção do bem-estar humano, denominados de Serviços Ecossistêmicos (SE). Compreender as interrelações entre processos e funções dos ecossistemas para os serviços prestados à sociedade, apresenta-se como um desafio para a Geografia, posto que está ciência tem como objeto de estudo a relação do homem com a natureza considerando a dinâmica espacial em que o primeiro está inserido. A presente proposta teve como objetivo discutir como a ciência geográfica embasa e contribui de forma teórico-metodológica para a discussão da dinâmica espacial dos Serviços Ecossistêmicos. O principal procedimento metodológico utilizado foi o levantamento, revisão e análise de material bibliográfico referente a temática abordada. Os conceitos, teorias e métodos presentes na Geografia podem contribuir em diferentes perspectivas para análise, identificação e classificação dos SE, como por exemplo, o conceito de paisagem e as abordagens das teorias Geossistêmica e da Ecologia da Paisagem. Desse modo, é notória a necessidade da integração de abordagens dentro do estudo dos Serviços Ecossistêmicos, visto a complexidade que envolve a dinâmica entre os ecossistemas e a sociedade.Palavras-chave: Geossistema, Ecossistema, Paisagem. ABSTRACTEcological processes of ecosystems are controlled by the functioning of environmental systems and the provision of human well-being services, called Ecosystem Services (SE). Understanding the interrelationships between processes and functions of ecosystems for services rendered to society presents itself as a challenge for Geography, since this science has as object of study the relation of man to nature considering the spatial dynamics in which the first it's inserted. The present proposal had as objective to discuss how the geographic science bases and contributes in a theoretical-methodological way for the discussion of the spatial dynamics of the Ecosystem Services. The main methodological procedure used was the survey, review and analysis of bibliographic material referring to the subject matter. The concepts, theories and methods present in Geography can contribute in different perspectives for the analysis, identification and classification of SE, such as the concept of landscape and the approaches of Geosystemic and Landscape Ecology. Thus, the need for the integration of approaches within the Ecosystem Services study is notorious, since the complexity involved in the dynamics between ecosystems and society.Keywords: Geosystem, Ecosystem, Landscape. RESUMENLos procesos ecológicos del ecosistema son responsables del funcionamiento de los sistemas ambientales y de la provisión de servicios para el mantenimiento del bienestar humano, llamados Servicios del Ecosistema (SE). Comprender las interrelaciones entre los procesos y las funciones del ecosistema para los servicios prestados a la sociedad es un desafío para la Geografía, ya que esta ciencia tiene como objeto de estudio la relación entre el hombre y la naturaleza considerando la dinámica espacial en la que el primero está insertado. El propósito de esta propuesta es discutir cómo la ciencia geográfica sustenta y contribuye de manera teórica y metodológica a la discusión de la dinámica espacial de los Servicios de los Ecosistemas. El principal procedimiento metodológico utilizado fue la encuesta, revisión y análisis de material bibliográfico relacionado con el tema abordado. Los conceptos, teorías y métodos presentes en Geografía pueden contribuir en diferentes perspectivas para el análisis, identificación y clasificación de SE, como el concepto de paisaje y los enfoques de las teorías geosistémicas y la ecología del paisaje. Por lo tanto, la necesidad de integrar enfoques en el estudio de los servicios de los ecosistemas es notoria, dada la complejidad que implica la dinámica entre los ecosistemas y la sociedad.Palabra clave: Geosistema, Ecosistema, Paisaje.

scholarly journals PRINCIPAL APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF SCIENCE IN THE NATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LAW. PART I. PURPOSE-ORIENTED (TELEOLOGICAL) CLASSIFICATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
A. O. Tchetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
European Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Prospective Research

The article presents a comparative legal analysis of various approaches to the classifi cation of science in modern legal systems.Itisestablishedthatelsewherethelegalclassificationofscienceis based on two main criteria — the purpose and the subject-matter of scientifi c research.Severallegalsystemsemployadditionalcriteriasuchasthe mode of fi nancing of scientifi c research and its importance for State and society. Part I of the article deals with the main approaches of various legal systems to the purpose-oriented (teleolofi cal) classifi cation of science, including legal defi nitions of such concepts as «fundamental» («pure fundamental» and «oriented fundamental»), «applied», «industrial», «prospective» research.

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