Understanding High-Stakes Consumer Decisions: Mammography Adherence Following False-Alarm Test Results

Objective Assess performance, trust, and visual attention during the monitoring of a near-perfect automated system. Background Research rarely attempts to assess performance, trust, and visual attention in near-perfect automated systems even though they will be relied on in high-stakes environments. Methods Seventy-three participants completed a 40-min supervisory control task where they monitored three search feeds. All search feeds were 100% reliable with the exception of two automation failures: one miss and one false alarm. Eye-tracking and subjective trust data were collected. Results Thirty-four percent of participants correctly identified the automation miss, and 67% correctly identified the automation false alarm. Subjective trust increased when participants did not detect the automation failures and decreased when they did. Participants who detected the false alarm had a more complex scan pattern in the 2 min centered around the automation failure compared with those who did not. Additionally, those who detected the failures had longer dwell times in and transitioned to the center sensor feed significantly more often. Conclusion Not only does this work highlight the limitations of the human when monitoring near-perfect automated systems, it begins to quantify the subjective experience and attentional cost of the human. It further emphasizes the need to (1) reevaluate the role of the operator in future high-stakes environments and (2) understand the human on an individual level and actively design for the given individual when working with near-perfect automated systems. Application Multiple operator-level measures should be collected in real-time in order to monitor an operator’s state and leverage real-time, individualized assistance.

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Alpha Is Not the False Alarm Rate: An Activity to Dispel a Common Statistical Misconception

Teaching of Psychology ◽

10.1177/0098628318816156 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 72-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. Burt Thompson

Keyword(s):

False Alarm ◽

False Alarm Rate ◽

Research Finding ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Prior Probability ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Web App ◽

New Research

When a psychologist announces a new research finding, it is often based on a rejected null hypothesis. However, if that hypothesis is true, the claim is a false alarm. Many students mistakenly believe that the probability of committing a false alarm equals alpha, the criterion for statistical significance, which is typically set at 5%. Instructors should take specific steps to dispel this belief because it leads students to misinterpret statistical test results and it reinforces the more general misconception that results can be interpreted in isolation, without reference to theory or prior research. In the present study, students worked with a web app that shows how the false alarm rate is a function of the prior probability of an effect, statistical power, and alpha. Quiz scores suggest the activity helps correct the misconception, which can improve how students conduct and interpret research.

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PENGARUH DEFERENSIASI PRODUK PROMOSI DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK FASHION PADA UD. SINAR MULIA DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR

Buletin Studi Ekonomi ◽

10.24843/bse.2020.v25.i02.p02 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 190

Author(s):

I Komang Sumerta ◽

Desak Nyoman Tri Indahyani ◽

Ni Komang Redianingsih ◽

I Made Baji Pranawa

Keyword(s):

Product Differentiation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Test Results ◽

Purchasing Decisions ◽

Consumer Decisions ◽

Independent Variables ◽

The Past ◽

Fashion Products ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Data Collection Technique

Consumer purchasing decisions is the occurrence of sales fluctuations in the past four years. Product differentiation, promotion, and price are factors that have been pursued by the company but have not been able to provide a maximum contribution to consumer decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of product differentiation, promotion, and price on fashion product purchasing decisions. The sample was determined by purposive random sampling technique, with 105 respondents. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire (questionnaire). The analysis technique used the SPSS version 22. The results showed there was an effect of product differentiation, promotion, and price simultaneously on the decision to purchase fashion products. Based on the partial test results it can be seen that product differentiation, promotions, and prices have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for fashion products. The conclusion from this research is the higher product differentiation, promotion, and price, the decision to buy products fashion will increase. Suggestions for further researchers is to be able to conduct research on different subjects and by developing other independent variables.

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THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT VARIATIONS, PRICES AND SALES PROMOTIONS ON CONSUMER DECISIONS IN BUYING MITSUBISHI CARS IN SURAKARTA

International Journal of Economics Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) ◽

10.29040/ijebar.v1i01.355 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

Author(s):

M. Hasan Ma'ruf

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

T Test ◽

Test Reliability ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Test Results ◽

Purchasing Decisions ◽

Sales Promotions ◽

F Test ◽

Consumer Decisions

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of product variations, prices and sales promotions on consumer decisions in buying Mitsubishi cars in Surakarta both partially and partially. The data analysis techniques used are validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test, coefficient of determination (R²). The results obtained: 1) The results of the t test obtained product variations have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, the price has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions and promotion has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, 2) F test results obtained Sig. amounting to 0,000 smaller than 0.05 or sig. = 0.000

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Examining the Existence of “Teaching to the Test” at SSC Level in Bangladesh

10.31237/osf.io/pbrgz ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aixa Hafsha

Keyword(s):

Teaching And Learning ◽

English Language ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Test Results ◽

High Stakes ◽

Test Technique ◽

Teacher Interview ◽

Teaching To The Test ◽

Teaching Context ◽

Research Findings

The paper aims at examining the influence of Secondary School Certificate (SSC) English language test on teaching in the existing CLT-based teaching context in Bangladesh. It is a fact that SSC test results continue to influence the total educational career of a student including his admission into Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) level and subsequently at tertiary level study. Later on, SSC result is one of the vital determinants of his employment. As a result, the washback effect i.e. effect of test (SSC EFL tests) on teaching and learning of this high stakes test cannot be ruled out. The overwhelming use of test results in different academic and professional affairs in the context of Bangladesh has made the effect of washback a distinctive educational phenomenon. This study presents preliminary research findings on the SSC EFL test’s influence on teaching in Bangladesh by applying various methodological techniques such as classroom observation and teacher interview in sampled schools located in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The analysed data revealed that SSC EFL test technique is one of the driving forces that shape teaching. Teachers’ teaching is confined to only those tasks and activities which are commonly set in the tests. Now it is difficult to deny that that teaching to the test is a harsh reality at SSC level classrooms in Bangladesh.

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Analysis of the Influence of Product Quality and Promotion of Consumer Decisions to Subscribe to Mnc Vision (Case Study at pt. Mnc Sky Vision Palembang)

Regular issue - International Journal of Management and Humanities ◽

10.35940/ijmh.l0324.0831219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

pp. 14-18

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Research Method ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Test Results ◽

Quality Research ◽

Consumer Decisions ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Study Population

This study aims to look at consumer decisions in subscribing to MNC Vision at PT. MNC Sky Vision Palembang with independent variables of quality research and promotion. The study population was 540 MNC Vision customers in Palembang in 2018. As for the sample, there were 100 customers at the MNC Vision Palembang. This study uses the research method of multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the test results it was found that there was a positive and significant influence on the quality and promotion of consumer decisions in influencing consumer decisions to subscribe to MNC Vision.

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Improving the Acceptability of Teacher Assessment for Accountability Purposes - Some Proposals within an English System

CADMO ◽

10.3280/cad2009-002004 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 39-53

Author(s):

Sarah Maughan

Keyword(s):

Education Reform ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

National Curriculum ◽

Teacher Assessment ◽

Test Results ◽

High Stakes ◽

Accountability System ◽

The World ◽

English System ◽

Over Time

- The National Curriculum was introduced in England after the Education Reform Act of 1988. The compulsory curriculum is made up of four key stages, and until very recently there have been high stakes assessment at the end of each stage. Over time additional tests and examinations were added to the system leading to English children being some of the most tested in the world. In parallel to this, the use of test results to hold schools and teachers to account has emerged as one of the key purposes of the tests and examinations. This article describes the use of the results for accountability purposes, and the ever increasing criticism of this due to the distorting effects it has on teaching and learning. A number of recent changes to the system, in response to the criticisms, mean that test results are no longer available at all the stages to meet the accountability purpose. The article discusses whether the teacher assessment that has been proposed as a replacement could be used for accountability purposes in such a high stakes system, or whether the accountability system will be forced to change.

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A summative, Objective, Structured, Clinical Examination in ENT used to assess postgraduate doctors after one year of ENT training, as part of the Diploma of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215109990545 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 123 (10) ◽

pp. 1155-1159 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A B Drake-Lee ◽

D Skinner ◽

M Hawthorne ◽

R Clarke ◽

Keyword(s):

Clinical Examination ◽

Neck Surgery ◽

Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽

Test Results ◽

High Stakes ◽

Education Literature ◽

Pass Mark ◽

One Year ◽

The Uk ◽

Medical Examinations

AbstractContext:‘High stakes’ postgraduate medical examinations should conform to current educational standards. In the UK and Ireland, national assessments in surgery are devised and managed through the examination structure of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons. Their efforts are not reported in the medical education literature. In the current paper, we aim to clarify this process.Objectives:To replace the clinical section of the Diploma of Otorhinolaryngology with an Objective, Structured, Clinical Examination, and to set the level of the assessment at one year of postgraduate training in the specialty.Methods:After ‘blueprinting’ against the whole curriculum, an Objective, Structured, Clinical Examination comprising 25 stations was divided into six clinical stations and 19 other stations exploring written case histories, instruments, test results, written communication skills and interpretation skills. The pass mark was set using a modified borderline method and other methods, and statistical analysis of the results was performed.Results:The results of nine examinations between May 2004 and May 2008 are presented. The pass mark varied between 68 and 82 per cent. Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach's α value of 0.99 for all examinations and split-half statistics varying from 0.96 to 0.99. Different standard settings gave similar pass marks.Conclusions:We have developed a summative, Objective, Structured, Clinical Examination for doctors training in otorhinolaryngology, reported herein. The objectives and standards of setting a high quality assessment were met.

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Rural Elementary Administrators’ Views of High-Stakes Testing

The Rural Educator ◽

10.35608/ruraled.v26i1.519 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert J. Egley ◽

Brett D. Jones

Keyword(s):

School Administrators ◽

High Stakes Testing ◽

Test Results ◽

Academic Needs ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Quality Teachers ◽

High Stakes ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Elementary Administrators ◽

Rural Elementary School

This study examines how rural elementary school administrators perceive the effects of high-stakes testing in comparison to suburban and urban elementary administrators. High-stakes testing had a greater impact, both positively and negatively, on rural administrators than on their counterparts in suburban and urban schools. Specifically, the positive effects were that rural administrators were more motivated by the testing program to do a better job, found the test results more useful in assessing teachers, and found the test results more useful in meeting the academic needs of students. The negative effects were that rural administrators felt more pressure than urban administrators to improve test scores and found their school rating to more negatively affect their ability to attract high quality teachers than administrators in suburban schools.

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