scholarly journals Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles: An Innovative Business Model for Utility Firms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Q. Wu ◽  
Şafak Yücel ◽  
Yangfang (Helen) Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Procurement Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Completion Times

Problem definition: By providing an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional vehicles, electric vehicles will transform urban mobility, particularly in smart cities. In practice, after an electric vehicle is plugged in, the charging station completes charging as soon as possible. Given that the procurement cost of electricity and associated emissions vary significantly during a day, substantial savings can be achieved by smart charging—delaying charging until the cost is lower. In this paper, we study smart charging as an innovative business model for utility firms. Academic/practical relevance: Utility firms are already investing in charging stations, and they can achieve significant cost savings through smart charging. Methodology: We consider a mechanism design problem in which a utility firm first announces pairs of charging price and completion time. Then, each customer selects the pair that maximizes their utility. Given the selected completion times, the utility firm solves the optimal control problem of determining the charging schedule that minimizes the cost of charging under endogenous, time-varying electricity procurement cost. We assume that there are ample parking spots with chargers at the charging station. Results: We devise an intuitive and practically implementable policy for scheduling charging of electric vehicles under given completion times. We prove that this policy is optimal if all customers arrive at the station simultaneously. We also characterize the optimal pairs of charging price and completion time. By using real electricity demand and generation data from the largest electricity market in the United States, we find that cost and emissions savings from smart charging are approximately 20% and 15%, respectively, during a typical summer month. Managerial implications: In contrast to the current practice of charging vehicles without delay, we show that it is economically and environmentally beneficial to delay charging some vehicles and to set charging prices based on customers’ inconvenience cost of delays. We also find that most of the savings from implementing smart charging can be achieved during peak-demand days, highlighting the effectiveness of smart charging.

scholarly journals Efficient Online Scheduling of Electric Vehicle Charging Using a Service-Price Menu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Mathioudaki ◽  
Georgios Tsaousoglou ◽  
Emmanouel varvarigos ◽  
Dimitris Fotakis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Online Algorithm ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Guaranteed Quality ◽  
Time Minimization ◽  
Weighted Completion Time

We present an online algorithm for scheduling the charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a Charging Station, aiming to optimize the overall quality of service through sum of weighted completion time minimization. Upon arrival of each EV, the algorithm generates a menu of service-price options. By letting the EV users pick their most preferable option, the algorithm offers guaranteed quality of service, achieves near optimal performance, and prevents the users from acting strategically.

Optimal Charging Management of Microgrid-Integrated Electric Vehicles

2022 ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Giulio Ferro ◽  
Riccardo Minciardi ◽  
Luca Parodi ◽  
Michela Robba
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Time Discretization ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Storage Element ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Discretization Step ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

The relevance of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing along with the relative issues. The definition of smart policies for scheduling the EVs charging process represents one of the most important problems. A discrete-event approach is proposed for the optimal scheduling of EVs in microgrids. This choice is due to the necessity of limiting the number of the decision variables, which rapidly grows when a small-time discretization step is chosen. The considered optimization problem regards the charging of a series of vehicles in a microgrid characterized by renewable energy source, a storage element, the connection to the main grid, and a charging station. The objective function to be minimized results from the weighted sum of the cost for purchasing energy from the external grid, the weighted tardiness of the services provided, and a cost related to the occupancy of the socket. The approach is tested on a real case study.

Design of Fast Cycloconverter-Based Battery-Charging Circuit for High Penetration of Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Funso Kehinde Ariyo ◽  
Oluwafemi Aworo ◽  
Michael Kuku
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Battery Modeling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost

There have been growing concerns involving the penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to the time required by its battery to attain full charge. Interests in EVs had recently experienced a dramatic turn down due to mileage limitation on full battery charge amidst the cost of purchase, but most notably due to the absence of quick chargers that can keep the vehicle on the road within few minutes of arriving at the charging station. Researchers had proposed different charging schemes such as level II ac charging, dc charging, and in some cases, wireless charging schemes that later appear to be inefficient. The use of dynamic or simply road-way powered electric vehicles was also proposed in the literature. However, the proposed cycloconverter-based circuit was simulated in Simulink, and the results obtained proved that the rate of charge increased when compared to the conventional EV charging circuit. Also, the focus is on battery charging technology and battery modeling for application in an electric vehicle

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Energy Consumption and Cost-Competiveness of Plug-in Electric Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severin Kamguia Simeu ◽  
Jens Brokate ◽  
Thomas Stephens ◽  
Aymeric Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Cost

The widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) will depend on public appreciation of the potential savings in ownership costs that PEVs offer over conventional, internal combustion energy vehicles (ICEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), including fuel savings. This study compares the energy consumption and estimated ownership costs of various technologies for multiple drive cycles in the United States and the European Union; identifies and quantifies the impacts of the main parameters influencing the ownership costs of PEVs in comparison with other powertrains for different timeframes, vehicle classes, and technologies; and assesses under what combinations of parameters the cost of PEVs can be competitive with other powertrains.

scholarly journals Efficient Online Scheduling of Electric Vehicle Charging Using a Service-Price Menu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeliki Mathioudaki ◽  
Georgios Tsaousoglou ◽  
Emmanouel varvarigos ◽  
Dimitris Fotakis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Menu Option ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Different Levels

Along with high penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs), charging stations are required to service a large amount of charging requests while accounting for constraints on the station's peak electricity consumption. To this end, a charging station needs to make online charging scheduling decisions often under limited future information. An important challenge relates to the prioritization of EVs that have unknown valuations for different levels of charging services. In this paper, we take into consideration the inability of EV users to express these valuations in closed-form utility functions. We consider a paradigm where a menu of possible charging schedules and corresponding prices is generated online. By letting the EV users pick their most preferable menu option, the proposed algorithm commits on each EV's charging completion time upon its arrival, achieves a near optimal total weighted charging completion time, and prevents the users from strategically misreporting their preferences, while offering a practical and implementable solution to the problem of EVs - charging station interaction.

scholarly journals VANET-based Secure Information Exchange for Smart Charging

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Joy Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Secure Information ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Smart Vehicle ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

Smart inventions have led to smart grids, which have paved the way to smart charging means. This smart charging information about a vehicle needs to be properly maintained in order to use it to exchange information between charging stations and electric vehicles. In this work, we have introduced an efficient methodology for managing and disseminating energy from the charging station to the smart vehicle in an urban area where the number of electric vehicles is high. We have designed and implemented a novel concept involving mobile edge computing in VANET. Moreover, we have also used an effective mechanism for communicating the information on charging with the moving electric vehicles and servers. A local relay scheme is used for reducing redundant overheads, increase delivery efficiency of charging information. This scheme is implemented with delay wait model as the base. The output is recorded by means of simulation environment and based on the observations the proposed work is found to be optimal in maintaining, accessing and disseminating the charging information.

scholarly journals A Decision-Making Framework for the Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles Considering the Priorities of the Driver

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6120
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Milas ◽  
Dimitris Mourtzis ◽  
Emmanuel Tatakis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

During the last decade, the technologies related to electric vehicles (EVs) have captured both scientific and industrial interest. Specifically, the subject of the smart charging of EVs has gained significant attention, as it facilitates the managed charging of EVs to reduce disturbances to the power grid. Despite the presence of an extended literature on the topic, the implementation of a framework that allows flexibility in the definition of the decision-making objectives, along with user-defined criteria is still a challenge. Towards addressing this challenge, a framework for the smart charging of EVs is presented in this paper. The framework consists of a heuristic algorithm that facilitates the charge scheduling within a charging station (CS), and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to support the driver of the EV selecting the most appropriate charging station based on their needs of transportation and personal preferences. The communications are facilitated by the Open Platform Communications–Unified Architecture (OPC–UA) standard. For the selection of the scheduling algorithm, the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimisation have been evaluated, where the latter had better performance. The performance of the charge scheduling is evaluated, in various charging tasks, compared to the exhaustive search for small problems.

scholarly journals Analysing the Cost-Effectiveness of Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles in the U.K.’s Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Kai Sheng ◽  
Mahdieh Dibaj ◽  
Mohammad Akrami
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Charging Stations

While U.K. authorities have attempted to tailor measures to boost sales of electric vehicles (EVs) and support citizens through different schemes, the size and geographic coverage of the existing charging network are insufficient, which undermines electromobility promotion. There are 15,853 public charging points installed in the U.K. as of 3 August 2021, and the demands for public EV charging are rising. For rural areas, there is little support from local authorities or private companies. To identify how a charging station can be installed and work, this study researches existing charging stations nationwide. Generally, most Public Charging Stations (PCS) in rural areas have unsatisfactory cost-effectiveness due to their long payback period. This paper presents how many rural PCS are able to afford the cost in the first eight years. Based on the ever-increasing demands of the market, EV producers are switching their business strategies. Meanwhile, the rural areas may become urban with the same definition. When it comes to the analysis of cost-effectiveness, it is possible for the PCS to bring more elements into the calculation. For Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operation Expenditure (OPEX), the unnecessary cost leaves more profit space, like the possibility of unplanned maintenance costs.

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