Raising the Bar: Values-Driven Niche Creation in U.S. Bean-to-Bar Chocolate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Woolley ◽  
Jo-Ellen Pozner ◽  
Michaela DeSoucey
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entrepreneurial Motivations

We examine how entrepreneurs might build a viable, values-driven niche. Extant templates for niche creation typically employed in moral markets depend on instrumentally rational logics that privilege economic ends such as profitability and efficiency. Entrepreneurs seeking to construct a nascent niche whose purpose and objectives include the amelioration of social ills, however, may find such templates inadequate. Using the emergence of the U.S. bean-to-bar chocolate niche, through which entrepreneurs attempt to address the social and environmental shortcomings of conventional chocolate production, we demonstrate that constructing an alternative model for niche creation is feasible. Most bean-to-bar entrepreneurs deliberately opted out of extant private regulation initiatives, developing instead alternative encompassing, values-driven sourcing and cooperative relationships, which we term collaborative governance. This is enacted throughout the niche by promoting shared values, best practices, and transparency and is supported by strategic meaning-making work to cultivate customers. Together, these three values-driven strategies form a novel template of niche creation based not on cognitive repositioning or exploiting exogenous change within existing structures and institutions, but on a reconceptualization of how markets might work to support the implementation of nonmarket goals. Based on our mixed-methods analysis, we find that, instead of hoping to accomplish nonmarket goals through established market structures, entrepreneurs built a niche centered on the achievement of specific social goals. Our findings suggest that to understand the strategies supporting emergent socially oriented markets, researchers must explore the intersections of values, entrepreneurial motivations, and operational complexities.

What Does It Mean to Be Social? Defining the Social Landscape for Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Tarshis ◽  
Michelle Garcia Winner ◽  
Pamela Crooke
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Social Competencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose What does it mean to be social? In addition, how is that different from behaving socially appropriately? The purpose of this clinical focus article is to tackle these two questions along with taking a deeper look into how communication challenges in childhood apraxia of speech impact social competencies for young children. Through the lens of early social development and social competency, this clinical focus article will explore how speech motor challenges can impact social development and what happens when young learners miss early opportunities to grow socially. While not the primary focus, the clinical focus article will touch upon lingering issues for individuals diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech as they enter the school-aged years. Conclusion Finally, it will address some foundational aspects of intervention and offer ideas and suggestions for structuring therapy to address both speech and social goals.

Rules without Rights

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
Transnational Governance ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Labor Exploitation ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
The World

Activists have exposed startling forms of labor exploitation and environmental degradation in global industries, leading many large retailers and brands to adopt standards for fairness and sustainability. This book is about the idea that transnational corporations can push these rules through their global supply chains, and in effect, pull factories, forests, and farms out of their local contexts and up to global best practices. For many scholars and practitioners, this kind of private regulation and global standard-setting can provide an alternative to regulation by territorially bound, gridlocked, or incapacitated nation states, potentially improving environments and working conditions around the world and protecting the rights of exploited workers, impoverished farmers, and marginalized communities. But can private, voluntary rules actually create meaningful forms of regulation? Are forests and factories around the world being made into sustainable ecosystems and decent workplaces? Can global norms remake local orders? This book provides striking new answers by comparing the private regulation of land and labor in democratic and authoritarian settings. Case studies of sustainable forestry and fair labor standards in Indonesia and China show not only how transnational standards are implemented “on the ground” but also how they are constrained and reconfigured by domestic governance. Combining rich multi-method analyses, a powerful comparative approach, and a new theory of private regulation, this book reveals the contours and contradictions of transnational governance.

A market-based rationale for the privacy paradox

2021 ◽  
pp. 016344372110158
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Akanbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Privacy Paradox ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Privacy Risks ◽  
Social Collective

Moving beyond the current focus on the individual as the unit of analysis in the privacy paradox, this article examines the misalignment between privacy attitudes and online behaviors at the level of society as a collective. I draw on Facebook’s market performance to show how despite concerns about privacy, market structures drive user, advertiser and investor behaviors to continue to reward corporate owners of social media platforms. In this market-oriented analysis, I introduce the metaphor of elasticity to capture the responsiveness of demand for social media to the data (price) charged by social media companies. Overall, this article positions social media as inelastic, relative to privacy costs; highlights the role of the social collective in the privacy crises; and ultimately underscores the need for structural interventions in addressing privacy risks.

scholarly journals Achieving Social and Ecological Outcomes in Collaborative Environmental Governance: Good Examples from Swedish Moose Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Sabrina Dressel ◽  
Annelie Sjölander-Lindqvist ◽  
Maria Johansson ◽  
Göran Ericsson ◽  
Camilla Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social

Collaborative governance approaches have been suggested as strategies to handle wicked environmental problems. Evaluations have found promising examples of effective natural resource governance, but also highlighted the importance of social-ecological context and institutional design. The aim of this study was to identify factors that contribute to the achievement of social and ecological sustainability within Swedish moose (Alces alces) management. In 2012, a multi-level collaborative governance regime was implemented to decrease conflicts among stakeholders. We carried out semi-structured interviews with six ‘good examples’ (i.e., Moose Management Groups that showed positive social and ecological outcomes). We found that ‘good examples’ collectively identified existing knowledge gaps and management challenges and used their discretionary power to develop procedural arrangements that are adapted to the social-ecological context, their theory of change, and attributes of local actors. This contributed to the creation of bridging social capital and principled engagement across governance levels. Thus, our results indicate the existence of higher-order social learning as well as a positive feedback from within-level collaboration dynamics to between-level collaboration. Furthermore, our study illustrates the importance of institutional flexibility to utilize the existing knowledge across stakeholder groups and to allow for adaptations based on the social learning process.

scholarly journals The Social Production of Invited Spaces: Toward an Understanding of the Invitational Character of Spaces for Citizens’ Initiatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Visser ◽  
Jitske van Popering-Verkerk ◽  
Arwin van Buuren
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Public Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Organizing ◽  
Formal Rules

AbstractThe rise of citizens’ initiatives is changing the relation between governments and citizens. This paper contributes to the discussion of how governments can productively relate to these self-organizing citizens. The study analyzes the relation between the social production of invited spaces and the invitational character of such spaces, as perceived by governments and citizens. Invited spaces are the (institutional, legal, organizational, political and policy) spaces that are created by governments for citizens to take on initiatives to create public value. We characterize four types of invited spaces and compare four cases in Dutch planning to analyze how these types of invited spaces are perceived as invitational. From the analysis, we draw specific lessons for governments that want to stimulate citizens’ initiatives. We conclude with a general insight for public administration scholars; in addition to formal rules and structures, scholars should pay more attention to interactions, attitudes and meaning making of both government officials and citizens.

scholarly journals Revisiting a Boy Named Jim

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 160940691880916
Author(s):  
Katherine Bischoping
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Vicarious Traumatization ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Good Story ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Health Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analysis Strategies

Using examples from qualitative health research and from my childhood experience of reading a poem about a boy devoured by a lion (Belloc, 1907), I expand on a framework for reflexivity developed in Bischoping and Gazso (2016). This framework is unique in first synthesizing works from multidisciplinary narrative analysis research in order to arrive at common criteria for a “good” story: reportability, liveability, coherence, and fidelity. Next, each of these criteria is used to generate questions that can prompt reflexivity among qualitative researchers, regardless of whether they use narrative data or other narrative analysis strategies. These questions pertain to a broad span of issues, including appropriation, censorship, and the power to represent, using discomfort to guide insight, addressing vicarious traumatization, accommodating diverse participant populations, decolonizing ontology, and incorporating power and the social into analyses overly focused on individual meaning-making. Finally, I reflect on the affinities between narrative – in its imaginatively constructed, expressive, and open-ended qualities – and the reflexive impulse.

scholarly journals Introduction. Debates on Collective Bargaining in a Time of Economic Crisis: The Spanish Case in Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Julia López López
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Social Agenda ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pais Vasco

Collective Labor Law as a mechanism of agency through workers representation has been challenged more than ever during recent last decades. The policies that have adjusted labor rights to new scenarios of economic policies have impacted collective bargaining structures and contents. The debates on centralization and de-centralization, workers participation, unions and workers strategies to countervail the erosion of labor rights have been part of the social agenda. Among the debates one very important one involves the study of the cases of the Basque Country and Catalonia. Their models of collective bargaining allow us to examine different strategies to achieve social goals through collective action with more successful results in the Basque case. El Derecho Colectivo del Trabajo como mecanismo de agency para las representaciones de los trabajadores ha tenido en las últimas décadas uno de los periodos más desafiantes en la consecución de sus objetivos sociales. Las políticas de ajuste a la crisis económica con nuevos escenarios políticos han impactado no solo en las estructuras de negociación colectiva sino además en los contenidos de los convenios. Debates en torno a centralización-descentralización, participación, estrategias para contrarrestar los efectos de erosión de los derechos sociales han sido parte de la agenda social. Entre los debates, el estudio que se refiere a los casos de País Vasco y Catalunya, en cuanto a las estructuras de negociación, es interesante a la hora de presentar las diferencias estratégicas y los mejores resultados en el caso vasco.

scholarly journals Social Enterprise in Mexico, a New Business Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9264
Author(s):  
Germán Osorio-Novela ◽  
Alejandro Mungaray-Lagarda ◽  
Natanael Ramírez-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Capacity Maximization ◽  
New Business ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Type Of Behavior

Social Enterprise (SE) is an increasingly important sector for generating employment and distributing wealth in market structures. The social business type two (SB2)—a very specific type of SE—is a category that has challenged orthodox theoretical elements in its main assumptions and behavior in the markets. SB2 is mainly classified within the category of microenterprises because they have a very small number of employees. A new official business classification is important to differentiate enterprises not only by size, but also by type of behavior. There is a new indicator that compares the profit levels of microenterprises with the poverty line as a representative tool to classify Mexican microenterprises into profit seekers and SB2. When these outcomes are contrasted with a discrete choice model under the logistic functional form, the probabilities that this indicator classifies a microenterprise with entrepreneurship by necessity, installed capacity maximization and no profit seeking as SB2 is 80% for microenterprises up to ten workers, and goes up to 92% for microenterprises with one person. With such a new classification, better policies could be promoted to support SB2, and help address both the lack of opportunities from the market economy and poverty menace.

scholarly journals Toddlers Watching TV - A study on the role of electronic media in the everyday-lives of one to three year old children

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (Kinderfernsehen) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Stine Liv Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Children's Media ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The Social ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Watching Tv ◽  
The Way

In recent studies on children and electronic media, children are acknowledged as active users, interpreting TV-texts in various meaningful ways, according to their previously constructed knowledge of narratives and relating the texts to their everyday lives. Still, there is a tendency that toddlers' (ages 1 to 3) viewing is neglected, and seen as mere fascinations of patterns, bright colours and movements without focusing on the social uses or uses in which television narratives come to play an important part in small children's experimenting with building identity and self-image. This article focuses on the meaning-making processes that take place when toddlers watch television and DVD, and the way in which they broaden the reception-situation to different arenas, for instance through play and different uses of merchandise connected to the television programs. Also, it studies the context of children's media use, the way both parents, media and market set up the frames of children's reception.

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