Hyperostosis frontalis interna and frontal bone thickness among various age groups - differences between males and females

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

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Size-At-Age Variability and Sexual Dimorphism of Morphometric Characteristics in the Late Ontogenesis of the Marsh Frog, Pelophylax Ridibundus (Anura, Ranidae), from Terrytory of Crimea

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2019-0031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 325-334

Author(s):

V. N. Peskov ◽

N. A. Petrenko ◽

V. Yu. Reminnyi

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

The Body ◽

Adult Males ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Mean Values ◽

Marsh Frog ◽

Males And Females ◽

Size At Age ◽

Linear Body

Abstract We study size-at-age and sexual variability of morphometric characteristics of the marsh frog. According to the size of the body, males were divided into three size-age groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus), females — into four groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus, adultus-I). We found that the chronological age of frogs (skeletochronology) does not always correspond to their biological age (size and proportions of the body). We noted that the semi-adult males are reliably larger than females by mean values of 26 studied morphometric characters. Males and females of “adultus” group do not differ by linear body size, significant differences were found in body proportions (7 characters). For the females of “adultus-I” group, the mean values of 26 characters are significantly larger than for “adultus” males. The results of our study showed that with the age of the marsh frog, the level of exhibition, directionality and structure of morphometric sex differences changes.

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Internal versus External Locus of Control for Three Age Groups

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/8rw7-3703-ybnq-2b6c ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 7-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sara Staats

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Age Groups ◽

External Locus ◽

Internal Locus ◽

Internal Locus Of Control ◽

College Population ◽

Males And Females ◽

External Locus Of Control

Rotter's I-E Scale was administered to a non-college population of males and females in 3 age groups: 5–15, 16–25, and 46–60. Internal locus of control expectations increased with age. A trend for males to be more internal in their beliefs was suggested.

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All sites but skin cancer incidences analyzed worldwide by sex, age, and skin type over time (1955-2007), advancing age, and UVB dose reveals important carcinogenic drivers

Journal of Epidemiological Research ◽

10.5430/jer.v3n2p65 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Dianne E. Godar ◽

Rossen Gurov ◽

Stephen J. Merrill

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Skin Type ◽

European Ancestry ◽

Developed Country ◽

Males And Females ◽

Over Time

Because we observed increasing incidences over time, advancing age, higher estrogen levels, decreasing UVB (290-315 nm) doses, or lower vitamin D3, and Human Papillomavirus hiding in immune-privileged sites of hair follicles play roles in melanoma, we wondered if the majority of cancers might have similar carcinogenic drivers. To investigate this possibility, we performed worldwide analysis of all sites but skin cancer over time (1955-2007), advancing age, and UVB doses for males and females with all skin types and ages (0-85+) and in five age groups using IARC data. To investigate Human Papillomavirus’s role, we analyzed the incidences of breast, prostate, and colon cancers in a developed country with European ancestry (New Zealand) having high amounts of androgenic hair and a developing country with Asian ancestry (India) having low amounts of androgenic hair. To potentially add epidemiology to the already established role of estrogen in cancer, we analyzed males and females in various countries around the world using the incidence of breast cancer (> 70 yr.) as an established indicator of estrogen levels. The analysis reveals cancer incidences are steadily increasing over time in developed but not developing countries regardless of skin type. Only US white, but not black, breast, prostate, and colon cancer incidences in the oldest age group significantly decreased with increasing UVB dose suggesting a role for vitamin D3. The data suggests the carcinogenic drivers in many cancers are estrogen, increasing age (or reactive oxygen species), decreasing vitamin D3 levels, and persistence of Human Papillomavirus infection in immune-privileged sites.

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Distribution and abundance of Hemolivia mauritanica (Apicomplexa: Haemogregarinidae) and its vector Hyalomma aegyptium in tortoises of Iran

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2015-0024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hossein Javanbakht ◽

Pavel Široký ◽

Peter Mikulíček ◽

Mozafar Sharifi

Keyword(s):

Distribution Pattern ◽

Age Groups ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Blood Parasite ◽

Iranian Plateau ◽

Male And Female ◽

Testudo Graeca ◽

Vector Tick ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females

AbstractDistribution pattern, prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia of heteroxenous apicomplexan blood parasite Hemolivia mauritanica and its vector tick Hyalomma aegyptium have been studied in 264 tortoises (212 Testudo graeca and 52 T. horsfieldii) throughout the Iranian territory. In T. graeca the highest prevalence and intensity of parasitaemia for H. mauritanica were recorded in the temperate mid and northern parts of the Iranian plateau, while the lowest values were found in the arid central part of Iran. No Hemolivia-positive samples were found in T. horsfieldii. Hyalomma aegyptium ticks were diagnosed in both tortoise species. The highest prevalence and intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium were recorded in western part of Iran, where climatic conditions are not so arid compared to central and eastern parts. No significant differences were found in intensity of parasitaemia of H. mauritanica between males and females. Similarly, no differences in intensity of parasitaemia were detected between different age groups (adults; more than 10 years, young; 5-10 years and juveniles; less that 5 years). Prevalence of H. mauritanica and H. aegyptium in adults was higher than in young and in juveniles. While intensity of infestation with H. aegyptium was significantly higher in adult tortoises compare to juveniles, no significant difference were found between intensity of H. aegyptium infestation in male and female tortoises.

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A coprological survey of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Kurigram district of Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8752 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

MAA Mamun ◽

N Begum ◽

MMH Mondal

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Water Buffaloes ◽

Toxocara Vitulorum ◽

Coprological Examination ◽

Males And Females ◽

Paramphistomum Cervi

Epidemiology of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes was investigated in Kurigram district of Bangladesh between November 2007 and October 2008 through coprological examination. A total of 236 water buffaloes were examined, among them 144 (61.02%) buffaloes were found infected with one or more species of gastro-intestinal parasites. Nine species of gastro-intestinal parasites were identified, of them four species were trematodes, namely, Paramphistomum cervi (29.24%), Fasciola gigantica (22.46%), Schistosoma indicum (1.27%), Schistosoma spindale (0.85%); three species were nematodes, namely, Toxocara vitulorum (2.54%), Strongyles (0.85%), Strongyloides sp. (0.42%) and two species were protozoa, namely, Eimeria sp. (3.39%) and Balantidium coli (37.29%). No cestode was detected. Among the gastro-intestinal parasites mixed infection was common. In this investigation, prevalence of parasites in relation to age, sex and seasonal dynamics was also studied. Significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites was observed in rainy season followed by summer and winter seasons. Males and females were almost equally (odd ratio 1.08) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasitic infection. In the age groups, young (< 2 to 5 years) were mostly (p<0.01) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasites. In the present study, EPG (Egg/cyst Per Gram of Feces) was also determined. The range of EPG varied from 100-5000 among the identified parasites. The results of the present investigation revealed that the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffaloes is very common and quite severe. It is imperative that integrated strategies and measures be taken to control gastrointestinal parasitic infections in buffaloes in kurigram district and elsewhere in Bangladesh. Keywords: Buffalo; Gastro-intestinal parasites; Kurigram district DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8752 JBAU 2011; 9(1): 103-109

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Observations on the age and growth of Varicorhinus damascinus (Val.) in Tigris river at Salahuldin province – Iraq

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.5.2.243-248 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 243-248

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Regression Coefficient ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Gill Nets ◽

The Third ◽

Weight Relationship ◽

Tigris River ◽

Straight Line ◽

Males And Females ◽

Relationship Of

Age and growth of Varicorhinus damascinus (Val.) in Tigris river at Salahuldin province have been investigated. Monthly samples were taken during the period from September 1999 to August 2000, using small-meshed gill nets. The age data showed that there were six age groups and the dominant age groups were (III – IV) for both sexes. The results of the present study revealed that the increment in length of V. damascinus at the sites of study showed a tendency to decrease with the increase in age, after the third year of life in both sexes. The length-weight relationship of males and females were calculated and demonstrated in a straight line logarithmic formula, as follows: Log W = 1.5404 + 2.6885 log L for males r = 0.95 (P > 0.05) Log W = 1.6723 + 2.7877 log L for females r = 0.77 (P > 0.05) The values of the regression coefficient (b) indicated that the growth of both sexes of V. damascinus was allometric..

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Hematological and Biochemical Reference Ranges for the Population with Sickle Cell Disease at Steady State in Tanzania

Hemato ◽

10.3390/hemato3010007 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 82-97

Author(s):

Anna Daniel Fome ◽

Raphael Z. Sangeda ◽

Emmanuel Balandya ◽

Josephine Mgaya ◽

Deogratius Soka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Laboratory Reference ◽

Males And Females

Hematological and biochemical reference values in sickle cell disease (SCD) are crucial for patient management and the evaluation of interventions. This study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to establish laboratory reference ranges among children and adults with SCD at steady state. Patients were grouped into five age groups and according to their sex. Aggregate functions were used to handle repeated measurements within the individual level in each age group. A nonparametric approach was used to smooth the curves, and a parametric approach was used to determine SCD normal ranges. Comparison between males and females and against the general population was documented. Data from 4422 patients collected from 2004–2015 were analyzed. The majority of the patients (35.41%) were children aged between 5–11 years. There were no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), lymphocytes, basophils, and direct bilirubin observed between males and females. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in all selected parameters across age groups except with neutrophils and MCHC in adults, as well as platelets and alkaline phosphatase in infants when the SCD estimates were compared to the general population. The laboratory reference ranges in SCD at steady state were different from those of the general population and varied with sex and age. The established reference ranges for SCD at steady state will be helpful in the management and monitoring of the progress of SCD.

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Quantitative electroencephalography as a tool for objective neurophysiological seizure diagnosis: A retrospective study

Indian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.25259/ijms_160_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Rajesh Kumar ◽

Tribhuwan Kumar ◽

Kamlesh Jha ◽

Yogesh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Energy Level ◽

Matched Control ◽

Age Groups ◽

Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽

Beta Band ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Electrical Activities

Objectives: Seizure is the fourth most common neurological disorder in the world; it affects all age groups with equal possibility of occurrence in both males and females. Many antiepileptic drugs are available today, but its diagnosis is challenging. The present study attempted to see if seizure activities could be predicted by analyzing the pre-seizure electrical activities. The prediction may help in taking preventive measures appropriately beforehand in the individuals with seizure proneness. Material and Methods: We selected 11 generalized seizure patients and 19 control patients out of total 115 patients referred for electro-diagnostics for various reasons. EEG of the subjects recorded, segmented as per protocol, and analyzed using MATLAB and EEGLAB tools. Results: The mean energy level in alpha and beta band of the study subject was significantly lower (P = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) as compared to the age matched control subjects. Theta and delta bands did not show any significant difference between the groups. The difference between the pre- and post-electrical seizure energy and entropy was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The study shows that the energy level remains low in the seizure patients in the alpha and beta bands. This further goes down when electrophysiological seizure activities starts. The randomness or entropy does not alter significantly among the seizure subjects in comparison to non-seizure subjects.

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Insomnia among Egyptian Samples of University Students and Employees

Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] ◽

10.24200/jeps.vol8iss2pp377-391 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Ahmed Abdel-Khalek ◽

Maysa al Nyal ◽

Hanan Saeed

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Female Students ◽

Principle Components Analysis ◽

Female Employees ◽

Males And Females ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Male University Students ◽

Two Age Groups

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia, differences between males and females, and between two age groups, and to explore the factorial structure of the Arabic Scale of Insomnia (ASI). Samples of university students (n=500) and employees (n=457) of both sexes were recruited. Female university students obtained the highest mean total score on the ASI, followed by female employees, male university students, and finally male employees. The salient significant differences were between female students and male employees and between male and female employees. Despite the differences in the prevalence rate of insomnia between the four groups, they all agreed on that the least prevalence rate was for the item: “I feel depressed when it is time for me to go to bed, whereas the highest prevalence rate was for the item: “My interrupted sleep annoys me.” Principle components analysis yielded three factors for each group. Most of their names were not identical. The most salient finding of this study was the statistically significant sex differences in insomnia in favor of women. It was concluded that is it important to introduce counseling for those who obtained high scores on the ASI.

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