Effects of ambient temperature on maternal behaviour and health-related functioning in Burkina Faso

School enrolment rates have increased globally, making the school environment a unique setting to promote healthy nutrition and eating outcomes among early adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, we describe the food and health environment of junior secondary schools in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso, West Africa). We evaluated the food and health environment using three components: (1) the implementation of health-related policies or guidelines in the schools, (2) the provision of health, nutrition and water, sanitation & hygiene (WASH) services in the schools, and (3) the quality of the school food environment, including foods sold by vendors. We used stratified random sampling to recruit 22 junior secondary schools from the five Ouagadougou districts in 2020. Trained fieldworkers collected standardized questionnaire data from 19 school administrators, 18 food vendors, and 1059 in-school adolescents. We report that only 7 out of 19 school administrators were aware of existing health-related policies and guidelines at their school and only 3 schools had a school health and nutrition curriculum in place. The overall provision of health, nutrition and WASH services was low or inadequate. Likely because of the lack of school canteens, 69% of the students bought snacks and unhealthy foods from food vendors. There is a critical need to improve the food and health environment of junior secondary schools in urban Burkina Faso.

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Oral Health Status of Children Living in Gorom-Gorom, Oudalan District, Burkina Faso

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2010/597251 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Clelia Mazza ◽

Laura Strohmenger ◽

Guglielmo Campus ◽

Maria Grazia Cagetti ◽

Filippo Caruso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Local Population ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Community Periodontal Index ◽

Health Related ◽

Set Up

Aim. In order to set up the needs for intervention and to plan oral health prevention and care programmes, this paper aims to describe the oral health status and behaviour in children living in the municipality of Gorom-Gorom, Burkina Faso.Design. The sample size was 692 children, 334 females (48.3%) and 358 males (51.7%). Clinical and oral health related behaviours were collected.Results. 83.4% of the children were caries-free. Fluorosis was recorded in 41.3% of the sample, while only 37.9% of children showed healthy gingival condition. Toothbrushing was reported by 35.7% of children. A statistically significant association was found between caries experience and cleanliness of hands. Community Periodontal Index was statistically associated to toothbrushing and chewingstick use.Conclusion. As suggested by WHO's global strategies, integrated primary oral health care and services meeting the dental needs of the local population are necessary for children living in this area of Africa.

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Investigating the effect of relationship satisfaction on postpartum women’s health-related quality of life in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. e048230

Author(s):

Paul Lokubal ◽

Clara Calvert ◽

Simon Cousens ◽

Marina Daniele ◽

Rasmané Ganaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Relationship Satisfaction ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Postpartum Women ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

IntroductionThe period following childbirth poses physiological, physical, social and psychological challenges to women that may affect their quality of life. Few studies in Africa have explored women’s health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and its determinants in postpartum populations, including the quality of women’s relationships with their male partners. We investigated whether relationship satisfaction was associated with better HrQoL among postpartum women in Burkina Faso, 8 months after childbirth.MethodsWe analysed data from 547 women from the control arm of a randomised controlled trial in Burkina Faso. The study outcome was a woman’s HrQoL, assessed using the cross-culturally validated WHOQOL-BREF tool, with response categories adapted for Burkina Faso. The exposure was relationship satisfaction measured using questions adapted from the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Marital Assessment Test tools. We calculated the median HrQOL scores for the study sample, overall and for each domain of HrQOL (physical, psychological, social and environmental). The association between relationship satisfaction and HrQoL was examined using multiple linear regression models with robust SEs.ResultsPostpartum women had high median HrQoL scores in the physical (88.1), psychological (93.1), social (86.1) and environmental (74.0) domains and overall HrQoL (84.0). We found that higher relationship satisfaction is associated with increased HrQoL. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that for each point increase in relationship satisfaction score, the increase in HrQoL was 0.39 (p<0.001) for the overall HrQoL; 0.32 (p=0.013) for the physical domain; 0.25 (p=0.037) for the psychological domain; 0.46 (p<0.001) for the social domain and 0.49 (p<0.001) for the environmental domain.ConclusionHigher relationship satisfaction is associated with higher HrQoL scores. Policies should aim to support women to cope with the challenges of childbirth and childcare in the postpartum period to improve postpartum women’s HrQoL.

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SEM of non-coated hepatocellular cytoskeleton of perfused livers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111641 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 306-307

Author(s):

S.W. French ◽

N.C. Benson ◽

C. Davis-Scibienski

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Critical Point ◽

Protease Inhibitors ◽

Metal Deposition ◽

Heat Damage ◽

Detergent Extraction ◽

Cytoskeletal Elements ◽

Triton X ◽

Excised Tissue

Previous SEM studies of liver cytoskeletal elements have encountered technical difficulties such as variable metal coating and heat damage which occurs during metal deposition. The majority of studies involving evaluation of the cell cytoskeleton have been limited to cells which could be isolated, maintained in culture as a monolayer and thus easily extracted. Detergent extraction of excised tissue by immersion has often been unsatisfactory beyond the depth of several cells. These disadvantages have been avoided in the present study. Whole C3H mouse livers were perfused in situ with 0.5% Triton X-100 in a modified Jahn's buffer including protease inhibitors. Perfusion was continued for 1 to 2 hours at ambient temperature. The liver was then perfused with a 2% buffered gluteraldehyde solution. Liver samples including spontaneous tumors were then maintained in buffered gluteraldehyde for 2 hours. Samples were processed for SEM and TEM using the modified thicarbohydrazide procedure of Malich and Wilson, cryofractured, and critical point dried (CPD). Some samples were mechanically fractured after CPD.

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Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100096618 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 672-673

Author(s):

S. Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Channel Formation ◽

Early Stages ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Three Stages ◽

Two Stages ◽

Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

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Crystallographic Characterization of Dislocation Loops in Irradiated Tungsten

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100101190 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 290-291

Author(s):

Robert C. Rau

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Dislocation Loops ◽

Polycrystalline Specimen ◽

Post Irradiation ◽

Neutron Fluences

Previous work has shown that post-irradiation annealing, at temperatures near 1100°C, produces resolvable dislocation loops in tungsten irradiated to fast (E > 1 MeV) neutron fluences of about 4 x 1019 n/cm2 or greater. To crystallographically characterize these loops, tilting experiments were carried out in the electron microscope on a polycrystalline specimen which had been irradiated to 1.5 × 1021 n/cm2 at reactor ambient temperature (∼ 70°C), and subseouently annealed for 315 hours at 1100°C. This treatment produced large loops averaging 1000 Å in diameter, as shown in the micrographs of Fig. 1. The orientation of this grain was near (001), and tilting was carried out about axes near [100], [10] and [110].

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Voids in Quenched Nickel

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100101074 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 266-267

Author(s):

J. J. Laidler

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Cooling Rate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cooling Curve ◽

Polycrystalline Nickel ◽

Quenching Temperature ◽

Long Tail ◽

Diffusion Pump

The presence of three-dimensional voids in quenched metals has long been suspected, and voids have indeed been observed directly in a number of metals. These include aluminum, platinum, and copper, silver and gold. Attempts at the production of observable quenched-in defects in nickel have been generally unsuccessful, so the present work was initiated in order to establish the conditions under which such defects may be formed.Electron beam zone-melted polycrystalline nickel foils, 99.997% pure, were quenched from 1420°C in an evacuated chamber into a bath containing a silicone diffusion pump fluid . The pressure in the chamber at the quenching temperature was less than 10-5 Torr . With an oil quench such as this, the cooling rate is approximately 5,000°C/second above 400°C; below 400°C, the cooling curve has a long tail. Therefore, the quenched specimens are aged in place for several seconds at a temperature which continuously approaches the ambient temperature of the system.

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Health Communication: Implications for Diverse Populations

Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations ◽

10.1044/cds18.1.12 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 12-19

Author(s):

Amy Hasselkus

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Communication ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Linguistically Diverse ◽

Good Health ◽

The United States ◽

Poor Health ◽

Health Care Decisions ◽

Diverse Backgrounds ◽

Health Related

The need for improved communication about health-related topics is evident in statistics about the health literacy of adults living in the United States. The negative impact of poor health communication is huge, resulting in poor health outcomes, health disparities, and high health care costs. The importance of good health communication is relevant to all patient populations, including those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Efforts are underway at all levels, from individual professionals to the federal government, to improve the information patients receive so that they can make appropriate health care decisions. This article describes these efforts and discusses how speech-language pathologists and audiologists may be impacted.

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The Complexity of Health Disparities: More Than Just Black–White Differences

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2020_persp-20-00199 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Charles Ellis ◽

Molly Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Health Disparities ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

The United States ◽

Careful Examination ◽

White Americans ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Death Rates ◽

The Social ◽

Health Related ◽

Language Pathology

Health disparities have once again moved to the forefront of America's consciousness with the recent significant observation of dramatically higher death rates among African Americans with COVID-19 when compared to White Americans. Health disparities have a long history in the United States, yet little consideration has been given to their impact on the clinical outcomes in the rehabilitative health professions such as speech-language pathology/audiology (SLP/A). Consequently, it is unclear how the absence of a careful examination of health disparities in fields like SLP/A impacts the clinical outcomes desired or achieved. The purpose of this tutorial is to examine the issue of health disparities in relationship to SLP/A. This tutorial includes operational definitions related to health disparities and a review of the social determinants of health that are the underlying cause of such disparities. The tutorial concludes with a discussion of potential directions for the study of health disparities in SLP/A to identify strategies to close the disparity gap in health-related outcomes that currently exists.

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Using Popular Mobile Devices in Voice Therapy

Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders ◽

10.1044/vvd23.3.82 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 82-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eva van Leer

Keyword(s):

Exercise Behavior ◽

Voice Therapy ◽

Pure Oxygen ◽

Mobile Platforms ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Web Based ◽

Motivational Messages ◽

Related Information ◽

Health Related ◽

Tailored Approach

Mobile tools are increasingly available to help individuals monitor their progress toward health behavior goals. Commonly known commercial products for health and fitness self-monitoring include wearable devices such as the Fitbit© and Nike + Pedometer© that work independently or in conjunction with mobile platforms (e.g., smartphones, media players) as well as web-based interfaces. These tools track and graph exercise behavior, provide motivational messages, offer health-related information, and allow users to share their accomplishments via social media. Approximately 2 million software programs or “apps” have been designed for mobile platforms (Pure Oxygen Mobile, 2013), many of which are health-related. The development of mobile health devices and applications is advancing so quickly that the Food and Drug Administration issued a Guidance statement with the purpose of defining mobile medical applications and describing a tailored approach to their regulation.

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