Relationships between Reduction in Body Weight and Reduction in Blood Pressure and Improvement of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Induced by Short-Term Calorie Restriction in Overweight Hypertensive Women

In a short-term (eight days) double-blind crossover study involving 10 obese patients, the effects of dexfenfluramine on glucose and lipid metabolism were examined. The protocol comprised whole body in vivo measurements (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in combination with indirect calorimetry) and in vitro studies of isolated adipocytes (lipolysis and glucose transport). All study participants were weight stable during the study period (103.1±3.2, placebo vs 103.3±3.1 kg, dexfenfluramine, NS). The following parameters were significantly reduced after dexfenfluramine treatment: fasting levels of plasma glucose (6.2±0.2 vs 5.7±0.2 mmol/l, p<0.01), serum insulin (168.0±14.5 vs 138.9±7.9 pmol/l, p<0.05), serum C-peptide (0.68±0.03 vs 0.58±0.02 nmol/l, p<0.05) and total serum cholesterol (6.07±0.41 vs 5.48±0.38 mmol/l, p< 0.01). In the basal state glucose oxidation rate was significantly reduced by 36% (p<0.001), whereas non-oxidative glucose disposal was significantly increased by 41% (p<0.01), following dexfenfluramine treatment. Insulin-stimulated (2 mU·kg−1·min−1) glucose disposal rate tended to be increased (18%, p=0.10) after dexfenfluramine. In conclusion, dexfenfluramine possesses beneficial regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in non-diabetic obese patients, independently of weight loss.

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Effect of Urodilatin Infusion on Renal Haemodynamics, Tubular Function and Vasoactive Hormones

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0920397 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 397-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

JAN Carstens ◽

Kaare T. Jensen ◽

Erling B. Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Distal Part ◽

Renal Haemodynamics ◽

Sodium Reabsorption ◽

Lithium Clearance ◽

Short Term

1. The renal efficacy of urodilatin in humans has only been partly investigated. It is unknown whether intravenously infused urodilatin has an effect on sodium reabsorption in both the proximal and distal part of the nephron. 2. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study in a crossover design. They received, in a randomized order, a short term (60 min) infusion of urodilatin in three different doses (10, 20 and 40 ng min−1 kg−1 of body weight) and placebo. Renal haemodynamics were estimated by clearance technique with radioactive tracers, and proximal tubular handling of sodium was evaluated by lithium clearance. 3. The 20 ng min−1 kg−1 dose increased the urinary sodium excretion and urinary flow rate compared with the effects of placebo. It increased the glomerular filtration rate and decreased the effective renal plasma flow. In addition, the dose increased the lithium clearance compared with placebo, but did not significantly change the fractional excretion of lithium. On the other hand, it markedly decreased the distal fractional reabsorption of sodium. It also had a suppressive effect on renin secretion. The systemic arterial blood pressure was unchanged, but the dose increased the pulse rate and the haematocrit. The highest dose (40 ng min−1 kg−1) induced a wide variation in the natriuretic and diuretic responses, probably due to a blood-pressure-lowering effect. 4. We conclude, that the urodilatin dose of 20 ng min−1 kg−1 of body weight was most efficacious in this short-term infusion study, and that it had potent natriuretic and diuretic qualities, probably due to stimulation of the glomerular filtration rate and inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal part of the nephron.

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Effect of changes in intestinal flora induced by short-term antibiotics administration on the pharmacokinetics of drugs, and glucose and lipid metabolism

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics ◽

10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.11.191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. S56

Author(s):

Takuya Kuno ◽

Shingo Ito ◽

Sumio Ohtsuki

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Short Term ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

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SEX DIFFERENCES OF CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM IMPAIRMENT IN RATS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

PROBLEMS OF ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY ◽

10.21856/j-pep.2018.2.06 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nataliia Gorbenko ◽

Oleksii Borikov ◽

Olha Ivanova ◽

K. V. Taran ◽

T. S. Litvinova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Weight ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Female Rats ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Lipid Metabolism Disorders

A sex difference of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in rats with type 2 diabetes has been studied. It was established that type 2 diabetes leads to a more pronounced deterioration in carbohydrate toleranceand insulin sensitivity in males compared to female rats, but the sex doesn’t affect basal glycemia and fructosamine levels. It was found that the increase of body weight and visceral fat in rats with type 2 diabetes is moremanifested in females than in males. It has been determined that hypertriglyceridemia is higher in diabeticmales compared to diabetic females, and the level of common lipids in the liver, both intact females and femaleswith type 2 diabetes, is lower than that of the males. The obtained results indicate a more expressive impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in males compared to females with type 2 diabetes

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Effect of intermittent versus continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized trial

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-020-01399-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahsa Maroofi ◽

Javad Nasrollahzadeh

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

The Body ◽

Trial Registration ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Short Term ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background Intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) is a novel method of dietary restriction for body weight control with the potential to improve obesity-related cardiometabolic markers, but the impact of this diet on subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) remains unknown. Methods Eighty-eight subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate HTG were randomized to the continuous calorie restriction (CCR) group, or ICR group (a very low-calorie diet during 3 days of the week) for 8 weeks (44 patients in each group). Body composition, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results The body weight decreased in both groups (4.07 ± 1.83 kg in the CCR group and 4.57 ± 2.21 kg in the ICR group) with no significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduced amount of fat mass, fat-free mass, and waist circumference. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in plasma triglycerides after 8 weeks (by 15.6 and 6.3% in ICR and CCR groups, respectively) with no difference between treatment groups. HOMA-IR improved significantly in ICR compared to the CCR group (P = 0.03). Plasma glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzyme, and adiponectin were not different between the two groups. Conclusions The results of this short-term study suggest that three-days a week of the ICR is comparable to a CCR diet for the reduction of triglycerides level in patients with HTG and in the short-term it appears to be more effective than continuous dieting in improving insulin resistance. However, longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings. Trial registration Trial registration number:NCT04143971.

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Prepubertal Children Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Have Latent Low-Grade Inflammation

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000491938 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leena Antikainen ◽

Jarmo Jääskeläinen ◽

Henrikki Nordman ◽

Raimo Voutilainen ◽

Hanna Huopio

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Low Grade ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight are associated with an increased risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in the adult offspring. We studied the influence of maternal GDM on prepubertal children’s height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid and glucose metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Methods: A cohort of 135 prepubertal Caucasian children (age range 4.4–9.7 years) was studied in a controlled cross-sectional study. Seventy-seven children had been exposed to maternal GDM, and 58 children born after a normal pregnancy served as controls. The outcomes were height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, and biochemical markers of glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Results: There were no differences in height, weight, BMI, fasting serum insulin, plasma glucose, lipids, or blood pressure between the study groups. However, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the controls (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Higher hs-CRP as a marker of low-grade inflammation was detected in prepubertal children exposed to maternal GDM, but no differences were seen in height, weight, BMI, or markers of glucose and lipid metabolism compared to control children. This finding may reflect an ongoing process of metabolic changes in children born after a GDM pregnancy.

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