scholarly journals Effect of intermittent versus continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Maroofi ◽  
Javad Nasrollahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background Intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) is a novel method of dietary restriction for body weight control with the potential to improve obesity-related cardiometabolic markers, but the impact of this diet on subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) remains unknown. Methods Eighty-eight subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate HTG were randomized to the continuous calorie restriction (CCR) group, or ICR group (a very low-calorie diet during 3 days of the week) for 8 weeks (44 patients in each group). Body composition, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results The body weight decreased in both groups (4.07 ± 1.83 kg in the CCR group and 4.57 ± 2.21 kg in the ICR group) with no significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduced amount of fat mass, fat-free mass, and waist circumference. Both groups achieved a significant reduction in plasma triglycerides after 8 weeks (by 15.6 and 6.3% in ICR and CCR groups, respectively) with no difference between treatment groups. HOMA-IR improved significantly in ICR compared to the CCR group (P = 0.03). Plasma glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzyme, and adiponectin were not different between the two groups. Conclusions The results of this short-term study suggest that three-days a week of the ICR is comparable to a CCR diet for the reduction of triglycerides level in patients with HTG and in the short-term it appears to be more effective than continuous dieting in improving insulin resistance. However, longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings. Trial registration Trial registration number:NCT04143971.

scholarly journals Melatonin and diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats: impact on the hypophysial-testicular axis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Scacchi Bernasconi ◽  
Nancy P. Cardoso ◽  
Roxana Reynoso ◽  
Pablo Scacchi ◽  
Daniel P. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Diet Manipulation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCombinations of fructose- and fat-rich diets in experimental animals can model the human metabolic syndrome (MS). In rats, the increase in blood pressure (BP) after diet manipulation is sex related and highly dependent on testosterone secretion. However, the extent of the impact of diet on rodent hypophysial-testicular axis remains undefined. In the present study, rats drinking a 10% fructose solution or fed a high-fat (35%) diet for 10 weeks had higher plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and lower plasma levels of testosterone, without significant changes in circulating follicle-stimulating hormone or the weight of most reproductive organs. Diet manipulation brought about a significant increase in body weight, systolic BP, area under the curve (AUC) of glycemia after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid levels. The concomitant administration of melatonin (25 μg/mL of drinking water) normalized the abnormally high LH levels but did not affect the inhibited testosterone secretion found in fructose- or high-fat-fed rats. Rather, melatonin per se inhibited testosterone secretion. Melatonin significantly blunted the body weight and systolic BP increase, the increase in the AUC of glycemia after an IPGTT, and the changes in circulating lipid profile and uric acid found in both MS models. The results are compatible with a primary inhibition of testicular function in diet-induced MS in rats and with the partial effectiveness of melatonin to counteract the metabolic but not the testicular sequelae of rodent MS.

Contributions of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 administration on the recovery of gut microbiota after short-term ceftriaxone exposure in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-509
Author(s):  
R. Cheng ◽  
H. Liang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
J. Guo ◽  
Z. Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to determine the impact of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 concurrent with antibiotic treatment and/or during the recovery phase after antibiotic treatment on the body weight, faecal bacterial composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and splenic cytokine mRNA expression of mice. Orally administrated ceftriaxone quantitatively and significantly decreased body weight, faecal total bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and faecal SCFAs concentration. Ceftriaxone treatment also dramatically altered the faecal microbiota with an increased Chao1 index, decreased species diversities and Bacteroidetes, and more Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. After ceftriaxone intervention, these changes all gradually started to recover. However, faecal microbiota diversities were still totally different from control by significantly increased α- and β-diversities. Bacteroidetes all flourished and became dominant during the recovery process. However, mice treated with PC170 both in parallel with and after ceftriaxone treatment encouraged more Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria, and the diversity by which to make faecal microbiota was very much closer to control. Furthermore, the expression of splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA in mice supplemented with PC170 during the recovery phase was significantly lower than natural recovery. These results indicated that antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, even with short-term intervention, could dramatically damage the structure of gut microbiota and their abilities to produce SCFAs with loss of body weight. Although such damages could be partly recovered with the cessation of antibiotics, the implication of antibiotics to gut microbiota might remain even after antibiotic treatment. The selected strain PC170 might be a potential probiotic because of its contributions in helping the host animal to remodel or stabilise its gut microbiome and enhancing the anti-inflammatory response as protection from the side effects of antibiotic therapy when it was administered in parallel with and after antibiotic treatment.

scholarly journals Relationship between body weight and leptin concentrations in mink dams and the birth parameters of kits

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bryl ◽  
Hanna Bis-Wencel ◽  
Brygida Ślaska ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the leptin concentration and body weight of mink females on the birth parameters of their kits. Blood samples were collected 3 times during preparation for reproduction, 7±2 days before mating. Total leptin concentration in serum was measured using commercial RIA kits (Millipore, St. Charles, Missouri USA). Research was conducted on 20 clinically healthy scanbrown female minks (Neovison Vison) aged 2-3 years. To evaluate their body condition, the females were divided into two groups based on the BCS scoring system. In the first group, referred to as BCS 2, lean females were included, and the second group (BCS 4) consisted of obese females. In mink dams belonging to BCS 2, the average leptin values were one-fourth of those in the BCS 4 group. The results obtained indicate the influence of the body mass of minks during preparation for reproduction on serum leptin concentration. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference between weights and leptin concentrations in groups BCS 2 and BCS 4. Among the other traits, such differences were not found. The analysis of results obtained in the two mink groups did not reveal a clear relationship between leptin in the serum of mothers before mating and the birth parameters of their kits.

The cholesterol paradox in atrial fibrillation: results from the LIPIDOGRAM 2015 study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Harrison ◽  
G.Y.H Lip ◽  
D.A Lane ◽  
M Mastej ◽  
S Kasperczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background High blood lipid levels are known risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, but associations between lipid levels and atrial fibrillation (AF) are unclear. Some previous studies have suggested an inverse association between lipid levels and AF referred to as the “cholesterol paradox”. Purpose To examine the prevalence of AF by differing lipid levels in a large population-based study of almost 14,000 adults in Poland. Methods The LIPIDOGRAM 2015 study is a cross-sectional study of adults aged 18 years and older recruited in Poland in 2015/2016 by 438 family physicians. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for AF with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for participants with differing lipid profiles. Lipid measures including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and LDL/HDL ratios were grouped into quartiles with the lowest quartile as the reference group. Models were adjusted for potential confounding factors including age, sex, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, alcohol intake, regular physical activity, hypertension, antihypertensive medication use and treatment of dyslipidaemia. Results 13,724 participants were recruited to the study, the median (interquartile range: IQR) age was 58.0 (47.7–65.8) years and 5.2% (n=708) had a diagnosis of AF, with a median (IQR) 3 (1–8) years since diagnosis. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a statistically significant lower prevalence of AF was estimated for participants in the highest quartile for LDL-C (PR (95% CI): 0.60 (0.48, 0.75) p<0.001), HDL-C (0.58 (0.46, 0.74), p<0.001), TC (0.61 (0.49, 0.75), p<0.001) and LDL/HDL ratio (0.75 (0.61, 0.94), p=0.010). No statistically significant difference in prevalence of AF was observed for participants in the highest quartile for TG levels compared to the lowest quartile for TG levels. Conclusions The prevalence of AF was lower for people with higher levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, TC and higher LDL/HDL ratios; some of the difference in prevalence was explained by controlling for confounding factors, but in multivariable models the association remained statistically significant. This research adds to the body of evidence which suggests an inverse relationship between cholesterol levels and AF-the “cholesterol paradox” for AF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Anti-Diabetic Activity of Polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus Mycelia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1808-1811
Author(s):  
Tao Ying Zhou ◽  
Xing Yuan Li ◽  
Nian You Chen ◽  
Zi Lin Wang ◽  
Liang Bin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Increase Body Weight

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus mycelia (PABM) in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. After administration with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of PABM to DM mice for 28 days, the effects of PABM on the body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were monitored. The results showed that the PABM could increase body weight, serum insulin and HDL-C levels, as well as decrease TC, TG and LDL-C levels in DM mice. PABM possess anti-diabetic activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Antioxidant-rich Nutraceuticals in the Management of High Fat Diet-induced Obesity in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Jude Nwaogu ◽  
Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar ◽  
Chizoba Maria Udeze ◽  
Ukperoro Uyoyo Jeremiah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obesity, a metabolic disorder caused by an imbalance in energy intake and energy expenditure, is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular heart diseases (CHD) and some types of cancer. This research was designed to investigate the effect of antioxidant rich- nutraceuticals in the management of high fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Method: Induction of obesity was achieved by feeding rats with a formulated high fat diet (HFD) for ten (10) weeks. Rats were subsequently group administered 250mg/kg body weight and 500mg/kg body weight of the nutraceutical respectively while apple cider vinegar of 5ml/kg body weight was administered to the standard group.        Result: Supplementation showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol, malondialdehyde and increased in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and antioxidant status as compared with untreated high fat diet groups. However, there was no significant difference between supplementation of 500mg/kg and the standard group treated with 5ml/kg of Apple cider vinegar. Conclusion: Antioxidant rich nutraceuticals could provide a protective effect against oxidative stress in obesity and remedy complications associated with obesity by reversing the damage to near normal.

scholarly journals Aqueous extract of Combretum molle boughs ameliorates hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidemia in sucrose-induced insulin resistant rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
David Miaffo ◽  
Fidele Ntchapda ◽  
Sylvie Lea Wansi ◽  
Sylviane Laure Kamani Poualeu ◽  
Albert Kamanyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Combretum Molle

Introduction: Combretum molle R.B/G.Don (Combretaceae) is distributed especially in tropical Africa and used in treatment various diseases including diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract from C. molle boughs (CMAE) on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in insulin resistant rats. Methods: Animals were divided into 5 groups and treated for 30 days. Control group received distilled water, sucrose group received 30% sucrose, standard group received 30% sucrose plus metformin (40 mg/kg), and others groups received 30% sucrose plus CMAE (250 and 500 mg/kg). Body weight, food and water intake were evaluated each 10 days for 30 days. Glucose tolerance test was performed on the 30th day of the experiment. Later on, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected for the determination of the concentration of glucose, lipids and insulin. Results: The body weight and food intake of the rats receiving 500 mg/kg of extract decreased significantly on the 30th day of the experiment. CMAE caused a significant reduction of insulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to the sucrose lot. However, the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CMAE induced a significant decrease in postprandial glycaemia. Conclusion: CMAE improved postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in insulin resistant rats.Consequently, CMAE may be able to delay onset of insulin resistance, and reduce the risks and complications of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of Apple Polyphenol on Fat Metabolism in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 02025
Author(s):  
Ruimin Fu ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Huiping Chang ◽  
Wuling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Total Triglyceride

To study the regulation effect of apple polyphenol on fat metabolism in mice. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, except the basic control group, the other 4 groups were given high fat diet, body weight was measured once a week, and the obesity model was established. The basal control group and the obesity model group were intragastrically given normal saline (4.2mg/(kgbw.d), The three dose groups were gavaged separately with apple polyphenol 4.2, 8.4, 12.6 mg/(kg bw. d). After 4 consecutive weeks, the body weight of mice, the contents of total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), liver lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in serum. should be measured respectively. Apple polyphenol can significantly reduce the body weight, TG, LDL-C, TC and MDA contents, coupled with the atherosclerosis index (AI) of obese mice. It can increase the serum HDL-C content of obese mice, and effectively increase the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, HL and LPL in mice. Apple Polyphenol can reduce blood lipid and prevent atherosclerosis via regulating fat metabolism in mice.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Measureme nts, Dietary Intake and Lipid Profile of Hypertensive Young Adults (25-35 years): A Comparison Between Vegetarians and Non Vegetarians

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Prajakta Nande
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

Increasing prevalence of hypertension is a major health concern.Dietary habits and food choices play an important role in maintaining lipid levels.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary habits on lipid profile of young adult hypertensive males. Two hundred vegetarians (V) and two hundred non vegetarians (NV) stage I hypertensive young adult men from age group 25-35 yrs. Anthropometric indices like weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were computed using standard equations. 24 hour’s food intake data for each subject was collected for consecutive 3 days and energy and energy yielding nutrients were computed. Total cholesterol (T-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were estimated. Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) was computed using standard equation.Insignificant difference was noticed between V and NV for BMI, WC and HC. In contrast, MUAC of NV was found to be significantly higher than V. NV had higher mean daily intake of energy, protein and fat but low mean daily consumption of carbohydrate as compared to V.NV had higher mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p>0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (0.01<p<0.05) than V. 30% NV were obese grade II. TC and LDL-C of NV were greater than V but HDL-C and TG of V were greater than NV (p>0.05). TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C among NV correlated positively (p<0.01) with body weight (r 0.5340, 0.4841 and 0.5921, respectively). Stronger relationships existed between HDL-C and body weight among both groups. BP, BMI and MUAC were more among NV than V. V showed better lipid profile than NV. This could be attributed to higher intake of energy and fat among NV.

scholarly journals Contributions of Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 Administration on the Reconstruction of Gut Microbiota After Short-Term Ceftriaxone Exposure in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1548-1548
Author(s):  
Ruyue Cheng ◽  
Fang He
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine whether Lactobacillus plantarum PC170 (PC170) could alleviate the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, altered growth, and inflammatory response caused by short-term antibiotic treatment in mice. Methods The impact of probiotics concurrent with antibiotic treatment and/or during the recovery phase after antibiotic treatment on the body weight, fecal bacterial composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and splenic cytokine mRNA expression of mice were examined. Results Orally administrated ceftriaxone quantitatively and significantly decreased body weight, fecal total bacteria, A.muciniphila, and L.plantarum, and fecal SCFAs concentration. Ceftriaxone treatment also dramatically altered the fecal microbiota with an increased Chao1 index, decreased species diversities and Bacteroidetes, and more Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. After ceftriaxone intervention, these changes all gradually started to recover. However, fecal microbiota diversities were still totally different from control by significantly increased a and b diversities. Bacteroidetes all flourished and became dominant during the recovery process. However, mice treated with PC170 both in parallel with and after ceftriaxone treatment encouraged more Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria, and the diversity by which to make fecal microbiota was much closer to control. Furthermore, the expression of splenic pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α mRNA in mice supplemented with probiotic during the recovery phase was significantly lower than natural recovery. Conclusions These results indicated that antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, even with short-term intervention, could dramatically damage the bacterial structure of gut microbiota and their abilities to produce SCFAs with loss of body weight. Although such damages could be partly recovered with the cessation of antibiotics, the implication of antibiotics to gut microbiota might remain even after antibiotic treatment. Probiotic use, especially some selected strains such as PC107 in parallel with and after antibiotic treatment, could help the host animal to remodel or stabilize its gut microbiome and enhance the anti-inflammatory response as protection from the side effects of antibiotic therapy. Funding Sources Sichuan Science and Technology Support Program.

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