Investigating The Bioactive Properties of Cheese-Fruit Combinations Following In Vitro Digestion Using an Elderly Model.

The prevalence of disease in older adults is increasing, thus there is a need to develop functional foods for this cohort that can promote healthy aging. This study analyzed cheese combined with fruit to identify if certain cheese-fruit combinations improved the bioactive properties of the cheese. Feta, Reduced-Fat Red Cheddar (RFRC), and Goat’s cheese were combined with different fruit (goji berries, red pepper, or blackberries) and digested with a simulated gastrointestinal in vitro digestion model representative of older adults. Antioxidant potential was investigated using DPPH radical scavenging, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Total phenolic content (TPC) assays. The ability of samples to inhibit digestive enzymes was determined using the α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli was investigated by the disc diffusion method. Immunomodulatory potential of the digestates was evaluated by their ability to modulate TNF-α levels in stimulated Jurkat T cells. Results demonstrated that combining RFRC with all fruit significantly (p<0.05) increased both the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the cheese (≥90.6% DPPH inhibition, ≥980.5 FRAP µmol Fe2+/kg.fw, and ≥58.1% α-glucosidase inhibition). Reducing potential of all cheese significantly (p<0.05) increased when combined with fruit (≥977.0 FRAP µmol Fe2+/kg.fw). Group B Streptococcus was inhibited by cheese-fruit combinations containing feta and goat’s cheese. Combining fruit with feta altered the immunomodulatory potential of the cheese by significantly (p<0.05) decreasing TNF-α secretion by ≥41%, compared to the control. Novel cheese-fruit combinations that promote synergistic bioactive properties could help design functional foods for older adults that promote healthy aging.

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Adherence to, Invasion by, and Cytokine Production in Response to Serotype VIII Group B Streptococci

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.72.8.4716-4722.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 4716-4722 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Hiroshige Mikamo ◽

Atul K. Johri ◽

Lawrence C. Paoletti ◽

Lawrence C. Madoff ◽

Andrew B. Onderdonk

Keyword(s):

Cytokine Production ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Epithelial Cell Line ◽

Group B Streptococci ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Group B

ABSTRACT The adherence to and invasion of the human epithelial cell line A549 by group B streptococcus (GBS) serotype VIII strains were compared with those of serotype III strains by a conventional method and the dynamic in vitro attachment and invasion system. Twenty GBS strains, including nine vaginal isolates and one invasive isolate each of serotypes III and VIII, were used in the conventional attachment and invasion assay. Adherence to and invasion of A549 cells by serotype VIII GBS strains were significantly greater (P < 0.0001) than those by serotype III strains for both the invasive strain and vaginal isolates. Cytokine production by A549 cells following stimulation with GBS serotypes III and VIII or their purified capsular polysaccharides (CPS) was measured. Serotype III strains stimulated significantly greater tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (P < 0.0001) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05) production than did serotype VIII strains. IL-8 production in response to serotype VIII was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in response to serotype III. TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 production was greater in A549 cells infected with GBS than in the untreated control cells. TNF-α production was significantly greater (P < 0.005) after stimulation with purified GBS serotype III CPS than after stimulation with serotype VIII CPS, a result similar to that after stimulation with whole GBS. IL-12 production by A549 cells was observed only in response to infection with GBS serotype III, resulting in the possibility of a greater TH1 response in serotype III GBS. These results suggest differences in immune responses to infection with GBS serotypes III and VIII.

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Cheese as a functional food for older adults: comparing the bioactive properties of different cheese matrices following simulated gastrointestinal in vitro digestion

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/09637486.2020.1825644 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Aimee M. Plante ◽

Aoife L. McCarthy ◽

Fiona O’Halloran

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Functional Food ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Bioactive Properties

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Biomarkers for a histological chorioamnionitis diagnosis in pregnant women with or without group B streptococcus infection: a case-control study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03731-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Ren ◽

Zhe Qiang ◽

Yuan-yuan Li ◽

Jun-na Zhang

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Group B ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Chorioamnionitis may cause serious perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes, and group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common bacteria isolated from human chorioamnionitis. The present study analyzed the impact of GBS infection and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) on pregnancy outcomes and the diagnostic value of various biomarkers. Methods Pregnant women were grouped according to GBS infection and HCA detection. Perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes were recorded with a follow-up period of 6 weeks. The white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil ratio, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level from peripheral blood and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels from cord blood were assessed. Results A total of 371 pregnant women were included. Pregnant women with GBS infection or HCA had a higher risk of pathological jaundice and premature rupture of membranes and higher levels of sICAM-1, IL-8, and TNF-α in umbilical cord blood. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed that sICMA-1, IL-8, TNF-α, WBC, and CRP were significantly related to an increased HCA risk. For all included pregnant women, TNF-α had the largest receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area (area: 0.841; 95% CI: 0.778–0.904) of the biomarkers analyzed. TNF-α still had the largest area under the ROC curve (area: 0.898; 95% CI: 0.814–0.982) for non-GBS-infected pregnant women, who also exhibited a higher neutrophil ratio (area: 0.815; 95% CI: 0.645–0.985) and WBC (area: 0.849; 95% CI: 0.72–0.978), but all biomarkers had lower value in the diagnosis of HCA in GBS-infected pregnant women. Conclusion GBS infection and HCA correlated with several perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes. TNF-α in cord blood and WBCs in peripheral blood had diagnostic value for HCA in non-GBS-infected pregnant women but not GBS-infected pregnant women.

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The Formation of Chitosan-Coated Rhamnolipid Liposomes Containing Curcumin: Stability and In Vitro Digestion

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 560

Author(s):

Wei Zhou ◽

Ce Cheng ◽

Li Ma ◽

Liqiang Zou ◽

Wei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Positive Charge ◽

Physical Stability ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Salt Addition ◽

High Transformation ◽

Liposomal Delivery ◽

The Stability

There is growing interest in developing biomaterial-coated liposome delivery systems to improve the stability and bioavailability of curcumin, which is a hydrophobic nutraceutical claimed to have several health benefits. The curcumin-loaded rhamnolipid liposomes (Cur-RL-Lips) were fabricated from rhamnolipid and phospholipids, and then chitosan (CS) covered the surface of Cur-RL-Lips by electrostatic interaction to form CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips. The influence of CS concentration on the physical stability and digestion of the liposomes was investigated. The CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips with RL:CS = 1:1 have a relatively small size (412.9 nm) and positive charge (19.7 mV). The CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips remained stable from pH 2 to 5 at room temperature and can effectively slow the degradation of curcumin at 80 °C; however, they were highly unstable to salt addition. In addition, compared with Cur-RL-Lips, the bioavailability of curcumin in CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips was relatively high due to its high transformation in gastrointestinal tract. These results may facilitate the design of a more efficacious liposomal delivery system that enhances the stability and bioavailability of curcumin in nutraceutical-loaded functional foods and beverages.

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Group B Streptococcal and Pneumococcal Sepsis in Newborn Infants: The Role of Pneumococcal Antibody

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.62.4.620 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 620-621

Author(s):

Gerald W. Fischer ◽

James W. Bass ◽

George H. Lowell ◽

Martin H. Crumrine

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Polysaccharide Antigen ◽

Type Iii ◽

Pneumococcal Sepsis ◽

Group B

The article by Bortolussi et al. on pneumococcal septicemia and meningitis in the neonat (Pediatrics 60:352, September 1977) was of great interest to us, since we have been analyzing the effect of antibody directed against Streptococcus pneumoniae on group B Streptococcus type III. We have recently shown (unpublished data) that antibody directed against S. pneumoniae type 14 precipitates the hot hydrochloric acid-extracted polysaccharide antigen of group B Streptococcus type III. Further studies have shown that this antibody is opsonic for group B Streptococcus type III in an in vitro bactericidal assay and protective in a suckling rat model of group B Streptococcus type III sepsis.1

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Bioaccessibility of Anthocyanins on in vitro Digestion Mmodels: Factors Implicated and Role in Functional Foods Development

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666211123102536 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Prado ◽

Isidora Pierattini ◽

Guiselle Villarroel ◽

Fernanda Fuentes ◽

Alejandra Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Foods ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Food Product ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Raw Material ◽

Simulated Digestion ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Food Matrices

Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity and related non-communicable chronic diseases is high and continues to grow. In that sense, anthocyanins (ANC) have shown beneficial health effects in preventing obesity and metabolic risk factors. Moreover, the demand for functional foods incorporating these compounds has risen significantly in the past years. Thus, there is a need for validations of the functional properties of these formulations; nevertheless, in vivo assays are complex and require a lot of resources. One approach for estimating bioactive compounds' functionality and health benefits is to evaluate their bioaccessibility on a specific food matrix, determined by various factors. This article aims to review different factors influencing the bioaccessibility of ANC evaluated on in vitro digestion models as a functionality parameter, elucidating the effect of chemical composition, raw materials, food matrices, and vehicles for the delivery of ANC. Methods: Study searches were performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. Results: Different factors influenced bioaccessibility and stability of ANC studied by in vitro digestion which are: i) the raw material used for ANC obtention; ii) food processing; iii) other food components; iv) the extraction method and solvents used; v) the structure of ANC; vi) delivery system (e.g., microencapsulation); vii) pH of the medium; viii) the digestion stage. Conclusion: Simulated digestion systems allow to determine free or encapsulated ANC bioaccessibility in different food matrices, which offers advantages in determining the potential functionality of a food product.

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Human Immunoglobulins for Intravenous Use: Comparison of Available Preparations for Group B Streptococcal Antibody Levels, Opsonic Activity, and Efficacy in Animal Models

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.86.6.955 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 86 (6) ◽

pp. 955-962

Author(s):

Laurence B. Givner

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Opsonic Activity ◽

Immunoglobulin Preparations ◽

Group B ◽

Antibody Levels

Currently available human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use (IVIGs) are being used (with antibiotics) by some physicians for therapy of sepsis in newborns. Most neonatal sepsis and/or meningitis in this country is caused by group B Streptococcus (GBS), and most of these cases are due to type III GBS (III-GBS). The killing of III-GBS in vitro is dependent on specific IgG antibody. Adequate serum levels of specific III-GBS antibody protect the exposed newborn from the development of invasive disease. Therefore, III-GBS was used as a model to evaluate the activity of three IVIG preparations available for clinical use. Specific antibody levels, in vitro opsonophagocytic killing, and protective efficacy in animal models revealed differences in activity for III-GBS between the three IVIG preparations as well as between IVIG lots from the same manufacturer. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of IVIG using one of the assay methods may not reliably predict activity obtained using the other assays. These data document the inability to predict functional activity against a specific pathogen such as GBS on the part of a lot of IVIG chosen at random. In view of these findings and of the limited data evaluating clinical efficacy, IVIG cannot be recommended at this time for use in the therapy of infectious diseases such as neonatal sepsis.

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