scholarly journals The Formation of Chitosan-Coated Rhamnolipid Liposomes Containing Curcumin: Stability and In Vitro Digestion

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Ce Cheng ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Liqiang Zou ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
High Transformation ◽  
Liposomal Delivery ◽  
The Stability

There is growing interest in developing biomaterial-coated liposome delivery systems to improve the stability and bioavailability of curcumin, which is a hydrophobic nutraceutical claimed to have several health benefits. The curcumin-loaded rhamnolipid liposomes (Cur-RL-Lips) were fabricated from rhamnolipid and phospholipids, and then chitosan (CS) covered the surface of Cur-RL-Lips by electrostatic interaction to form CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips. The influence of CS concentration on the physical stability and digestion of the liposomes was investigated. The CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips with RL:CS = 1:1 have a relatively small size (412.9 nm) and positive charge (19.7 mV). The CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips remained stable from pH 2 to 5 at room temperature and can effectively slow the degradation of curcumin at 80 °C; however, they were highly unstable to salt addition. In addition, compared with Cur-RL-Lips, the bioavailability of curcumin in CS-coated Cur-RL-Lips was relatively high due to its high transformation in gastrointestinal tract. These results may facilitate the design of a more efficacious liposomal delivery system that enhances the stability and bioavailability of curcumin in nutraceutical-loaded functional foods and beverages.

Bioaccessibility of Anthocyanins on in vitro Digestion Mmodels: Factors Implicated and Role in Functional Foods Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Prado ◽  
Isidora Pierattini ◽  
Guiselle Villarroel ◽  
Fernanda Fuentes ◽  
Alejandra Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Product ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Simulated Digestion ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Food Matrices

Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity and related non-communicable chronic diseases is high and continues to grow. In that sense, anthocyanins (ANC) have shown beneficial health effects in preventing obesity and metabolic risk factors. Moreover, the demand for functional foods incorporating these compounds has risen significantly in the past years. Thus, there is a need for validations of the functional properties of these formulations; nevertheless, in vivo assays are complex and require a lot of resources. One approach for estimating bioactive compounds' functionality and health benefits is to evaluate their bioaccessibility on a specific food matrix, determined by various factors. This article aims to review different factors influencing the bioaccessibility of ANC evaluated on in vitro digestion models as a functionality parameter, elucidating the effect of chemical composition, raw materials, food matrices, and vehicles for the delivery of ANC. Methods: Study searches were performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. Results: Different factors influenced bioaccessibility and stability of ANC studied by in vitro digestion which are: i) the raw material used for ANC obtention; ii) food processing; iii) other food components; iv) the extraction method and solvents used; v) the structure of ANC; vi) delivery system (e.g., microencapsulation); vii) pH of the medium; viii) the digestion stage. Conclusion: Simulated digestion systems allow to determine free or encapsulated ANC bioaccessibility in different food matrices, which offers advantages in determining the potential functionality of a food product.

scholarly journals In vitro biological assessment of the stability of cigarette smoke aqueous aerosol extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Taylor ◽  
Simone Santopietro ◽  
Andrew Baxter ◽  
Nicole East ◽  
Damien Breheny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial Cell ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Objectives Cigarette smoke aqueous aerosol extracts (AqE) have been used for assessing tobacco products, particularly with in vitro models such as oxidative stress and inflammation. These test articles can be generated easily, but there are no standardised methods for the generation and characterisation or stability. We investigated the effects of pro-oxidant smoke-derived chemicals by using 3R4F AqE generated under standardised conditioning and smoking regimes and assessed the stability over 31-week timeframe. Twenty batches generated from ten puffs per cigarette bubbled through 20 ml cell culture media were used fresh and thawed from frozen aliquots stored at – 80 ºC. Results Nicotine levels quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and optical density at 260 nm showed chemical and physical stability from week 0 (fresh sample) to weeks 1, 4, 8 and 31 (frozen samples). No significant change in H292 human bronchial epithelial cell viability or oxidative stress were observed between fresh AqE at week 0 and frozen AqE at 31 weeks. AqEs generated by our protocol were stable for up to 31 weeks for all tested end points, suggesting that it may not be necessary to use freshly generated AqE for each study, thus reducing batch-to-batch variability.

G-CSF and Erythropoietin Stability in Amniotic Fluid during Simulated in vitro Digestion Conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene A Calhoun ◽  
Brooke E Richards ◽  
Jason A Gersting ◽  
Sandra E Sullivan ◽  
Robert D Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Time Zero ◽  
Simulated Digestion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Degree Of Degradation

Objective: To determine the stability of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (Epo) in human amniotic fluid and recombinant G-CSF (Neupogen) and Epo (Epogen) in simulated amniotic fluid to digestions at pH concentrations of 3.2, 4.5, and 5.8 to assess their bioavailability to the neonate. Design: A simulated amniotic fluid containing Neupogen and Epogen was subjected to in vitro conditions that mimicked preprandial and postprandial neonatal intestinal digestion. Human amniotic fluid was tested using identical digestion conditions as well as human amniotic fluid to which Epogen and Neupogen had been added. Main Outcome Measures: The percentages of G-CSF/Epo and Neupogen/Epogen remaining after 1 and 2 hours of simulated digestions were compared with those at time zero, and concentrations at 2 hours were compared with those at 1 hour and time zero. Results: In simulated amniotic fluid at pH 3.2, significant degradation of G-CSF was observed at 1 hour (p = 0.03). No differences were observed at 1 or 2 hours for either pH 4.5 (p = 0.30 and 0.11, respectively) or pH 5.8 (p = 0.20 and 0.49, respectively). Human amniotic fluid exhibited significant degradation pH 3.2 (p = 0.04) and pH 4.5 (p < 0.05) at 1 hour; no difference was noted at pH 5.8 at 1 hour (p = 0.34). When additional Neupogen was added to human amniotic fluid, significant degradation was observed at pH 3.2 (p < 0.05) and pH 4.5 (p = 0.03) at 1 hour; no difference was noted at 1 hour at pH 5.8 (p = 0.11). In simulated amniotic fluid at pH 3.2, significant degradation of Epo occurred at 1 hour (p < 0.05). There were no differences at 1 hour for pH 4.5 (p = 0.50) or pH 5.8 (p = 0.17). Human amniotic fluid exhibited significant degradation at pH 3.2 (p < 0.05) and pH 4.5 (p < 0.05) at 1 hour; no difference was noted at 1 hour at pH 5.8 (p = 0.34). When additional Epogen was added to human amniotic fluid, significant degradation was observed at pH 3.2 (p = 0.001) and pH 4.5 (p = 0.003); no difference was noted at 1 hour at pH 5.8 (p = 0.31). Conclusions: G-CSF/Epo in human amniotic fluid and Neupogen/Epogen in simulated amniotic fluid are preserved to varying degrees during simulated digestion conditions. The degree of degradation of both cytokines was time- and pH-dependent. Measurable quantities of G-CSF and Epo are biologically available when swallowed by the fetus or a preterm neonate.

Nanoemulsion Containing SangYod Rice Bran Oil and Thanakha Extracts: In Vitro Antioxidant and Irritation Assessments

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orrawan Poonsri ◽  
Wiyada Kwanhian ◽  
Apakorn Poltien ◽  
Piyatida Tangteerawatana ◽  
Jitbanjong Tangpong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Stability

Nanoemulsions are well characterized in a promising drug delivery system with applications for drug and cosmetic. Traditionally and cosmetic industries use Rice bran oil and Hesperethusa crenulata or Thanakha bark aqueous extract in sunscreen formulations, anti ageing products and in treatments for skin diseases. The aim of this study was to produce the nanoemulsion and to evaluate their physical stability, irritation potential. In vitro study, the total phenolic contents and total antioxidant capacity of SangYod Rice bran oil (SRBO) were 1130.44 ± 53.55 mg GAE/mg and 25.94±4.69 mmol TEAC/mg and Thanakha were 3.85±0.23 mg GAE/gdw and 19.87 ± 2.59 mmol TEAC/gdw, respectively. The nanoemulsion containing SRBO and Thanakha, oil in water, was produced using low-pressure homogenizer and ultrasonicator techniques and the particle size was 167.03±1.75 nm. The stability of nanoemulsion represented no significant change on pH and particle size after day 0, 5, 11, 14 and over 12 month at temperature 4, 25 and 40 °C. Moreover, it’s also showed no irritation on HET–CAM test, a basic test for embryotoxicity, systemic toxicity and immunopathology. Conclusion, these results suggested that the nanoemulsion containing SRBO and Thanakha may serve as potential vehicles for improved transdermal delivery antioxidant compound and no irritation.

scholarly journals DIACEREIN-LOADED NIOSOMES (DC-NS): A NEW TECHNIQUE TO SUSTAIN THE RELEASE OF DRUG ACTION

2022 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
RASHAD M. KAOUD ◽  
EMAN J. HEIKAL ◽  
TAHA M. HAMMADY
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stability ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Tween 40 ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tween 60

Objective: The study's main goal is to develop a suitable niosomes (NS) encapsulated drug for anti-inflammatory effects such as diacerein (DC) and to evaluate the system's vesicle size (VS), entrapment efficiency (EE %), physical stability and in vitro release. Methods: Tween (40 and 60), cholesterol, and stearylamine were used in a 1:1:0.1 molar ratios as non-ionic surfactants. Thin film hydration was used to create the NS. Results: The higher EE% was observed with NS (F11) prepared from tween 60, cholesterol and 2.5 min sonication. These formulations' release patterns were Higuchi diffusion and first order. For the stability study, NS formulations were stored at temperature between 2-8 °C for 60 d retains the most drugs when compared to room and high temperature conditions. Conclusion: The findings of this study have conclusively shown that after NS encapsulation of DC, drug release is prolonged at a constant and controlled rate.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Ethosomal Nanoparticles of Avobenzone for Improved Sunscreen Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar Nagle ◽  
Mansi Gupta ◽  
Deepak Kumar Basedia ◽  
Dubey B.K.
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Irregular Shape ◽  
Good Protection ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
Egg Membrane ◽  
The Stability

Ethosomes entrapping avobenzone were prepared using cold method and the effect of varying concentration of ethanol was considered for obtaining an optimized formulation. Lecithin (2%w/w) was used as the phospholipid to provide the structure to the vesicles and propylene glycol (10%) was used as the permeating agent. The vesicles were found to be of spherical to irregular shape ranged from 1.11 µm to 1.6 µm in size. The drug entrapment in the ethosomes was studied by analyzing the unentrapped drug spectrophotometrically. The in vitro permeation study suggested that the maximum permeation in the egg membrane occurred in AET3 (0.40 mg/cm2) with 30% ethanol concentration. It was observed that only about 2% degradation occurred at room temperature and all formulations were almost stable at 8° and 4° with only 1.3% degradation of avobenzone thereby proving the stability of the developed system. The best ethosomal formulation (AET3) was incorporated into gel base to obtain sunscreen gels and the results revealed a good protection of the ethosomal gel when 2% carbopol was used as the gelling base. It could be concluded that incorporation of avobenzone in the ethosomal carrier and formulating the same as gel formulation might help in reducing the dose of avobenzone as well as improving the sunscreen efficacy (sun protection over enhanced duration).

scholarly journals Investigating The Bioactive Properties of Cheese-Fruit Combinations Following In Vitro Digestion Using an Elderly Model.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-478
Author(s):  
Aimee M. Plante ◽  
Aoife L. McCarthy ◽  
Seán Lacey ◽  
Fiona O’Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group B ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential

The prevalence of disease in older adults is increasing, thus there is a need to develop functional foods for this cohort that can promote healthy aging. This study analyzed cheese combined with fruit to identify if certain cheese-fruit combinations improved the bioactive properties of the cheese. Feta, Reduced-Fat Red Cheddar (RFRC), and Goat’s cheese were combined with different fruit (goji berries, red pepper, or blackberries) and digested with a simulated gastrointestinal in vitro digestion model representative of older adults. Antioxidant potential was investigated using DPPH radical scavenging, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Total phenolic content (TPC) assays. The ability of samples to inhibit digestive enzymes was determined using the α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli was investigated by the disc diffusion method. Immunomodulatory potential of the digestates was evaluated by their ability to modulate TNF-α levels in stimulated Jurkat T cells. Results demonstrated that combining RFRC with all fruit significantly (p<0.05) increased both the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the cheese (≥90.6% DPPH inhibition, ≥980.5 FRAP µmol Fe2+/kg.fw, and ≥58.1% α-glucosidase inhibition). Reducing potential of all cheese significantly (p<0.05) increased when combined with fruit (≥977.0 FRAP µmol Fe2+/kg.fw). Group B Streptococcus was inhibited by cheese-fruit combinations containing feta and goat’s cheese. Combining fruit with feta altered the immunomodulatory potential of the cheese by significantly (p<0.05) decreasing TNF-α secretion by ≥41%, compared to the control. Novel cheese-fruit combinations that promote synergistic bioactive properties could help design functional foods for older adults that promote healthy aging.

scholarly journals Stability of Anthocyanins from Commercial Black Currant Juice under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alija Uzunović ◽  
Edina Vranić
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Stability

Anthocyanins are effective antioxidants but they have also been proposed to have other biological activities independent of their antioxidant capacities that produce health benefits. Examples range from inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro, induction of insulin production in isolated pancreatic cells, reduction of starch digestion through inhibition of a-glucosidase activity, suppression of inflammatory responses as well as protection against age-related declines in cognitive behavior and neuronal dysfunction in the central nervous system. However, to achieve any biological effect in a specific tissue or organ, anthocyanins must be bioavailable; i.e. effectively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) into the circulation and delivered to the appropriate location within the body. In this study, we assess the stability of anthocyanins from commercial Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) juice using an in vitro digestion procedure that mimics the physiochemical and biochemical conditions encountered in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The main objective of this work was the evaluation of stability of anthocyanins during in vitro digestion in gastric and intestinal fluid regarding whether appropriate enzyme (pepsin or pancreatin) was added or not. Anthocyanins present in commercial black currant juice remain stable during in vitro digestion in gastric fluid regardless whether pepsin was added into the medium or not. Also, they remain stable during in vitro digestion in simulated intestinal fluid without pancreatin. The stability studies of anthocyanins in the intestinal fluid containing pancreatin indicated reduced stability, which also mainly contribute to slight reduction of total anthocyanins content (1,83%-) in commercial black currant juice.

Encapsulation of pterostilbene in nanoemulsions: influence of lipid composition on physical stability, in vitro digestion, bioaccessibility, and Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 6604-6614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyuan Liu ◽  
Jingjing Chen ◽  
Yang Qin ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Tao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Medium Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Monolayer Permeability ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides ◽  
Long Chain

Nanoemulsions fabricated using medium chain triglycerides as carrier lipid are more effective for delivering pterostilbene than long chain triglycerides.

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