scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Contamination of Groundwater in and Around Industrial Areas of District Alwar, Rajasthan

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Mithlesh Agrawal ◽  
Kailash Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Sodium Percent

Chemical behaviors of groundwater in various locations are one of the most dynamic fields of research in the present world. In the present study, groundwater sampling from four industrial areas viz. Matsya Nagar, Bhiwadi, Neemrana and Behror was conducted with an aim to assess the groundwater chemistry and the interpretation of the ‘water type’ was made using Hill-Piper and Wilcox diagrams. The chemical quality was assessed by examining the major cations, anions and other parameters like sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate and sodium percent. The groundwater chemistry was then assessed and factors affecting the area were identified. It was resulted that the groundwater quality of the area was influenced by industrial and human activities which cause pollution in the aquifer system and the data supported the pollution level in the area. Majority of the samples were behaved in more or less same way. The TDS were found in average range of 1000 mg/l, while total hardness ranged the average value of 400 mg/l. Carbonate alkalinity was found in all the water samples and the average pH value were observed 8.60. In some locations, up to 337 mg/l nitrate indicates the nitrogenous contamination in the area. Fluoride was found within the prescribed limits as per BIS (Indian Drinking Water Standard, IS: 10500, 1991) norms, except one significant location at Majri Kalan in Neemrana industrial area has high fluoride as 13.0 mg/l. The interpretation of the ‘water type’ was made using Hill-Piper and Wilcox diagrams. The prominent type was Na/Mg-HCO3 and Na/Mg-Cl type of water. However, a slight variation was observed in the Na-HCO3 type of water. Sodium (alkali) hazard were observed from low (S1) to high (S3) and salinity hazard is high (C3) to very high (C4).

Hydrogeochemical processes in groundwater resources located around abandoned Okpara coal, Enugu SE. Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
C Ogwah ◽  
MO Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Field Plots

A detail understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality is indispensable for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater sources. This is in line with sustainable development goal of United Nation. The following parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 standard: pH, Ec, total dissolved solid (TDS,) total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+), sulphate (SO4 2¯), chloride (Cl¯), bicarbonate (HCO3¯), carbonate (CO3 2¯), nitrate (NO3¯), potassium (K+), sodium (Na2+)and calcium (Ca2+). Findings revealed that pH value reveals that groundwater is acidic. Bivariate plots showed that groundwater quality is influenced by number of factors. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater samples was based on the following model:End-member, Parson’s and Diamond field plots. Results from these plots revealed that silicate and carbonate weathering are the major factors that control groundwater quality and that groundwater samples were of different water type namely, Ca–Mg–SO4, Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–SO4 water type and high Ca+Mg & SO4+Cl respectively. It was observed that 99 % of groundwater within the study area fell within fresh water category and groundwater is influenced by various factors. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 245-252, 2020

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF HYDROGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN GROUNDWATER RESOURCES LOCATED AROUND ABANDONED OKPARA COAL MINE, ENUGU SE. NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
C. Ogwah ◽  
M. O. Eyankware
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
United Nation

A detail understanding of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality is indispensable for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater sources. This is in line with Sustainable development goal of United Nation. The following parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 standard: pH, Ec, total dissolved solid (TDS,) total hardness (TH), magnesium (Mg2+), sulphate (SO42¯), chloride (Cl¯), bicarbonate (HCO3¯), carbonate (CO32¯), nitrate ( NO3¯), potassium (K+), sodium (Na2+) and calcium (Ca2+). Findings revealed that pH value reveals that groundwater is acidic. Bivariate plots showed that groundwater quality is influenced by number of factors. Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater samples was based on the following model: End-member, Parson’s and Diamond field plots. Results from these plots revealed that that silicate and carbonate weathering are that major factor that control groundwater quality, and that groundwater samples were of different water type namely; Ca–Mg–SO4, Ca–Mg–Cl, Na–SO4 water type and high Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl respectively. It was observed that 99 % of groundwater within the study area fell within fresh water category and groundwater is influenced by various factors such as weathering.

scholarly journals Some indicators of water quality of the Tamis river

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Babovic ◽  
Dejan Markovic ◽  
Vojkan Dimitrijevic ◽  
Dragan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical

This paper shows the results obtained in field analysis performed at the Tamis River, starting from the settlement Jasa Tomic - border between Serbia and Romania to Pancevo - confluence of Tamis into the Danube. The Tamis is a 359 km long river rising in the southern Carpathian Mountains. It flows through the Banat region and flows into the Danube near Pancevo. During the years the water quality of the river has severely deteriorated and badly affected the environment and the river ecosystem. In situ measurements enabled determination of physico-chemical parameters of water quality of the Tamis River on every 400 m of the watercourse, such as: water temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, contents of dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation. The main reason of higher pollution of Tamis is seen in connection to DTD hydro system. Sampling was performed at 7 points with regard to color, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, iron, chlorides and sulphates in samples. The aim of the present work was to evaluate water quality in the Tamis River taking into account significant pollution, which originates from settlements, industry and agriculture, and to suggest appropriate preventive measures to further pollution decreasing of the river's water.

scholarly journals Status and Threats to Mugger Crocodile Crocodylus palustris Lesson, 1831 at Rani Tal, Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish P Bhatt ◽  
Tej Bahadur Saund ◽  
Jham Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

A study was carried out for preparing baseline information on water quality, population status and threats to Mugger crocodile, Crocodylus palustris Lesson at Rani Tal, Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve. Water quality analysis was conducted for three seasons (summer, autumn and winter) in the year 2008 - 2009. The study has found the physico-chemical contamination in the lake. The water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, total hardness, free carbon dioxide, biological oxygen demand and ammonia) exceeded the normal range to support the Muggers. A survey around the lake recorded four adult Mugger crocodiles (>180 cm body length) basking in sandy and muddy bank during the investigation period. The lake is under pressure from diverse anthropogenic factors. The principal threats to the Mugger crocodile include water pollution, habitat destruction, sedimentation, food shortage, egg collection and seasonal fluctuation of water level. The total area and depth of the lake is diminishing due to encroachment by Phragmites karka and flash flood during monsoon. Conservation and proper management of the lake are urgently required. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 125-131 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7451

scholarly journals Imperiling on Urban Environment by Air Pollution and its Impact on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Durdana Rais Hashmi ◽  
Akhtar Shareef ◽  
Talha Rehan Qadri ◽  
Muhammad Azam
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
High Traffic Density

Present study was carried out to analyze the concentration of the pollutants due to air born particulate matter (PM10) and infectious trace gases and their effects on human health at ten different locations along busy intersections in the commercial, residential and industrial areas of Karachi city. At each selected location, the study was carried out to determine the level of particulate matter and trace gases for a period of 8 h twice in a month during the year 2015. Samples were collected at ten selected locations i.e. Karimabad(C-1), Tibet Centre(C-2), and Liaquatabad(C-3) in commercial areas; PIB Colony(R-1), Nazimabad(R-2) and Gulshan-e-Iqbal(R-3) in residential areas; Siemens G. Belt(I-E1), Naurus G Belt (I-E2), Singer Chowrangi(I-W3) and Chamra Chowrangi(I-W4) in industrial areas of the city. Resultsreceived from different air quality categories were calculated according to National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) at selected locations, as in commercial areas showing poor pollution level for trace gases and PM10 due to high traffic density. In Residential areas PIB Colony (R-1) and Gulshan-e-Iqbal (R-3), found under good category with respect to the trace gases and moderate pollution level for the PM10 pollution, having low traffic density whereas Nazimabad(R-2) presents moderate category for trace gases and unhealthy category for PM10 pollution with high traffic density. In industrial areas Singer Chowrangi (I-W3) and Chamra Chowrangi(I-W4) found under moderate pollution level with moderate traffic density, whereas, Siemens G. Belt(I-E1) and Naurus G. Belt(I-E2) locations are represented by moderate pollution values for trace gases and found under poor pollution level for PM10 pollution, may be due to industrial emissions and heavy vehicular emission. Level of PM10 and trace gases at all the selected sites excluding residential areas, exceeds the permissible limits as specified by NEQS.

scholarly journals Monitoring and assessment of well quality of water   infiltration intakes in water reservoirs in the   south‐east of Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
D. V. Makarov ◽  
E. A. Kantor ◽  
N. A. Krasulina ◽  
Z. Z. Berezhnova ◽  
Yu. S. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Republic

Aim. Comparison of water quality according to 19 indicators: odour at 20°C, odour  at 60°C, taste, colour, turbidity, total iron, permanganate oxidation, dry residue,  total hardness, oil products, surfactants, phenolic index, nitrates (NO3‐), chlorides  (Сl‐), fluorides (F‐), sulphates (SO42‐), zinc (Zn2+), copper (Сu, total), pH value of two  infiltration water intakes in the south‐eastern region of the Republic of Belarus.  Identification and analysis of linear trends, and determination of trends in the dynamics of indicator values. Material and Methods. As initial data we used the results of quarterly measurements of the values of borehole water indicators of the infiltration water intakes.   Results. By comparing the relative concentrations of the mean annual values of the  studied quality indicators for two water intakes, it was revealed that the priority  indicators are odour at 20°C, odour at 60°C, taste, chromaticity, turbidity, and iron.  By comparing the relative concentrations of total iron, it was found that the concentration in the wells of WI 1 is much higher than in the wells of WI 2, probably  due to the presence of rocks and minerals from moraine and fluvioglacial complexes of glacial deposits. For other indicators the values were approximately on the  same level. Conclusion. By constructing matrices of pair correlation and geographic proximity  for each of the priority indicators, well groups were identified whose water quality  is interrelated and which were subsequently aggregated as a single group. 

scholarly journals Investigation of pollution level of groundwater in the ALjazaier Area, Babil

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
N S Hadi ◽  
Z S Jabbur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract A total with 15 samples was collected from 3 wells in the aljazaier distreet in Babil governorate for the period from January to April 2020, to study the microbial contamination represented by fecal bacteria, while chemical contamination includes a physochemical and the heavy element’s properties. The goal of this study: Study the water of some wells from some microbes and chemical aspects and evaluate this according to Iraqi standards and specifications. Results showed microbial pollution by fecal Coliform bacteria in well water when using Using the agar media. Results showed the difference in the mean of (MPN) of well water. It was found that the EC value (1061) μs/cm was exceeded the permissible limit in W1, Cl values (325, 430)mg/l, pb values (0.43, 0.14) μg/l and Ni values (0.11, 0.11) μg/l and the permissible limit were exceeded in W1, W2 and SO4 values (681, 653, 584) mg / l also the permissible limit was exceeded in W1, W2 and W3 as well as Ag value (0.12) μg/l is in W1 only. The total risk index (HIT) in the groundwater for W1, W2, W3 was acceptable for adult values ΣHI( 0.23, 0.97, 3.8E-4 ) and children values ΣHI ( 2.6E-2, 1.6E-2, 1.3E-3 ) respectively.

scholarly journals A Detailed Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Kabul Basin, Afghanistan, and Suitability for Future Development

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Ali Jawadi ◽  
Jay Sagin ◽  
Daniel D. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Health Organization

Kabul is one of the most populated cities in Afghanistan and providing resources to support this population in an arid climate presents a serious environmental challenge. The current study evaluated the quality of local Kabul Basin groundwater to determine its suitability water for drinking and irrigation purposes now and into the future. This aim was aided through groundwater parameter assessment as well as determination of Water Quality Index (WQI) developed from 15 observation points near the city. The results of our physicochemical analysis illustrate that groundwater in the majority of areas of the Kabul Basin is not generally suitable for human consumption, and in some cases the concentrations of many contaminants are higher than accepted health standards or water quality benchmarks. The aquifer underlies an arid landscape, and because of this 85% of the samples tested are very hard while just over 13% are classified as hard. Groundwater in the Kabul Basin is typically high in calcium and magnesium and overall classified as a calcium bicarbonate water type. Overall, more than 60% of the analyzed samples had concentrations higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of total dissolved solids (TDS), 10% in total hardness (TH), about 30% in turbidity and more than 90% in magnesium. The results show that based on WQI, without treatment, roughly 5% of groundwater in the studied area is unsuitable for human consumption, while 13.3% is very poor and 40% is poor quality water. Approximately 40% of the assessed groundwater has good quality and could be used as drinking water for future development. Groundwater in some areas shows evidence of pollution and high dissolved solids content, rendering these sources unsuitable for either drinking or irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Responses of the Fertility, Semen Quality, Blood Constituents, Immunity and Antioxidant Status of Rabbit Bucks to Type and Magnetizing of Water

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. Attia ◽  
A.E. Abd El-Hamid ◽  
A.M. El-Hanoun ◽  
M.A. Al-Harthi ◽  
G.M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Abstract This work aimed to test the responses of the fertility, semen quality, blood constituents, immunity and antioxidant status of rabbit bucks to water type (e.g., tap water and well water) and magnetizing of water exposed or unexposed to a magnetic field of ≈4000 gauss. The experimental design was factorial 2 (type of water, e.g. tap vs. well water) × 2 (magnetic treatments, e.g. unexposed vs. exposed to magnetic field) using forty mature V-line rabbit bucks randomly distributed to four groups of 10 animals each. The rabbit bucks were provided free access to the water and same diet. Well water had lower quality than tap water, i.e. higher pH, conductivity, salinity, calcium, magnesium, and total hardness. Water magnetizing had less effect on tap water than on well water (e.g. on pH, conductivity, salinity, calcium, magnesium, total hardness and dissolved oxygen). Bucks that consumed tap water showed better semen quality, metabolic profiles and immunity than those that drank well water. Magnetized water significantly increased body weight, feed intake, reaction time, fertility, sperm concentration, mass motility and total live sperm of bucks consuming well water and tap water. The improvements in fertility and semen quality concurred with significant increases in testosterone hormone, immunoglobulin A, antioxidant enzymes, and with decreases in lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. In conclusion, well water induced a significant decrease in semen quality and hence fertility of males. Whereas magnetic treatment improved water quality, semen quality, blood picture and antioxidant status and hence buck fertility.

scholarly journals Groundwater Assessment and its Implication for Irrigation in Selected Coastal Areas of South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183
Author(s):  
Adeyeye J.A ◽  
Akinyemi O.D ◽  
Akinluyi F.O ◽  
Abiola M.O ◽  
Badmus G. O
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Ionic Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Groundwater Assessment ◽  
Dry Spell

Physicochemical and ionic characteristics of groundwater aquifers have been of tremendous importance in water applications. Groundwater in selected coastal communities (Badagry, Epe, Ikorodu, and Ilaje/ese-odo) of south-western Nigeria was assessed for domestic and irrigation suitability. One hundred and ninety-two (192) groundwater samples were obtained and analyzed for chemical composition and major ionic ratio over a period of four seasons using standard methods. Results indicated abundance of ions in the order HCO3– > Cl–> SO42– for anions, and K+ > Na+ > Ca2+> Mg2+ for cations. Piper's diagram revealed calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) as the dominant cations, while sulphate and chloride were the dominant anions with a mixture of two major groundwater types: Ca–Cl water and mixed Ca–Mg–Cl. The presence of Ca–Cl facies water type suggests potential ion exchange (Na2+ with Ca2+) reaction in these coastal aquifers. Cation exchangeable values (CEV), and molar ratios of Mg/Ca, HCO3/Cl, and Na/Cl, showed high values (>1) across all locations indicating the occurrence of saline water ingression in groundwater samples, especially during the dry spell. The increasing K+, Na+, and Cl– characteristics of the groundwater and calculated ionic indices values indicated the influence of seawater intrusion. However, total hardness values showed that the samples were very soft in nature. Irrigation water quality suitability, as indicated by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), and percentage sodium (PS) varied with seasons and location, showing that water will cause soil deterioration and poor crop performance if intensively used for irrigation without proper precautions.

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