scholarly journals Shift in Climate Class Over Tamil Nadu

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
S Panneerselvam ◽  
S Kokilavani ◽  
A. P Ramaraj ◽  
G. A Dheebakaran ◽  
T. N Balasubramania
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
North East ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Index Value

Climate being a significant driver for best selection of crops in a region, allocation of similar climatic zones has always received plunge.Twenty per cent or more precipitation decrease is anticipated for many parts of the arid regions in the next century. Rainfall is a crucial agro-climatological factor in the seasonally arid parts of the world and its analysis is an essential prerequisite for agricultural planning in India. Ninety years (1911-2000) of both South West Monsoon (SWM) and North East Monsoon (NEM) rainfall data of Tamil Nadu (excluding urbanite Chennai)and potential evapotranspiration data were collected and analysed. The moisture index (Im) was computed based on Thornthwaite and Mather model. Based on the moisture index value of the SWM and NEM, the districts were classified under different climate groups.Over 90 years study, seven districts comes under arid (E), 17 under semi-arid(D), five under dry sub humid(C1) and one each in moist sub humid(C2) and per humid (A) class respectively(SWM period). During NEM no districts registered under (E) or (D) climate class. Further seven districts fell each in (C1) and (C2) class respectively and12 districts comes under Humid(B) and five districts under (A) climate class for Tamil Nadu.During SWM, both the data slice (30 years) and decadal (10 years) analysis explored Trichy district might experience severe moisture stress compared to the past. Madurai, Perambalur and Virudhunagar showed a change from (B1) to (C2) during NEM which showed there might be a change in reduction in soil moisture status among the data slice period. Remaining districts fell within the same climate group.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Condition on Flowering, Fruiting, Kernel and Nut-yield In Newly Added Potential Growing Areas of Cashewnut in India- A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Heli S. Oza ◽  
Hitesh Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Nicobar Island ◽  
North East ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Good Scale

Cashew is now an important Horticulture plant for India and now India is exporting cashew at a good scale. Traditional Indian growing area comprises the parts of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states. However, now new areas are coming up with good potential for cultivation such as Gujarat, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Andaman and Nicobar island, North Earsten Hilly States. Cashew cultivars are recommended based on geographical distribution, climate, soil based on these flowering and fruiting time. Cashew nut yield and kernel weight can be different for different varieties and so on its quality with shelling can vary. Flowering and fruiting is greatly influenced by rain because it starts flowering after monsoon, which is greatly influenced by the onset and offset of Indian monsoon that India varies from state to state as India has north-east monsoon and south-west monsoon. Moreover, soil characteristics across India varies widely. Integrated effect of soil, rainfall and temperature drives the optimum growth of cashew trees, which resulted in the change in yield and quality of cashew nuts. The present review paper addresses many of these drivers and their impact on cashew produce in India.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Rainfall Variability in Western Agro Climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kokilavani ◽  
R Selvi ◽  
S Panneerselvam ◽  
Ga Dheebakaran
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Rainfall Analysis ◽  
North East ◽  
South West Monsoon

An analytical examination was done to work out the unevenness in point location and time to time variability in rainfall at Coimbatore and Erode district of Western agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu (India) for 100 years (1916-2015). Simple descriptive statistics along with Co-efficient of Variation (CV) were worked to understand the rainfall variability. The long term mean seasonal and annual rainfall analysis showed that South West Monsoon (SWM) rainfall observed was (176.9 mm) & (257.9 mm) and North East Monsoon (NEM) of (336.9 mm) & (323.3 mm) and annual rainfall of (674.8 mm) & (764.4 mm) at Coimbatore and Erode respectively. The CV for seasonal and annual rainfall showed high dependability status by recording appropriate threshold level of CV for seasonal and annual rainfall. The time series rainfall data for 100 years were divided into ten year period and the correlation was carried out for the SWM and NEM using Spearman’s rank-order correlation. The results indicated the correlation between two monsoons for Coimbatore (0.14) and for erode (0.07) which indicates that there was less relation between SWM and NEM. Major emphasis was given to analyse annual and seasonal (SWM and NEM) rainfall time sequence over an extensive time gap to identify probable trend and to measure their implication. For Coimbatore and Erode districts, in both the monsoon seasons and annual analysis revealed an increasing trend for long term (100 years-1916-2015) period.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Rainfall Variability using GIS Approach in Trichy District of Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 890-897
Author(s):  
P. Ponnuchakkammal P. Ponnuchakkammal ◽  
B. Violet Joy ◽  
P. Aravind ◽  
A. Raviraj A. Raviraj
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
West Monsoon

Precipitation is one of the transportation components in hydrological cycle. The magnitude of precipitation swings with time and space. Majorly India receives precipitation in the form of rainfall. Precipitation plays a key role in the rainfed agriculture. The present study deals with the rainfall characteristics of Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu. Seasonal rainfall data from eighteen rain gauge stations (1971-2012) have been taken for analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall pattern of Tiruchirappalli district. Mean rainfall of the district is about 696 mm. The highest rainfall of 1247 mm recorded in the year 2005 and the lowest precipitation of 227 mm recorded in the year 1976. About 48 percent and 35 percent of the rainfall received in North East and South West Monsoon, respectively. Spatial rainfall distribution was studied with the help of Kriging interpolation technique and respective maps were prepared with Geographical Information System. The percentage departure of annual rainfall is classified under the category of excess, normal and large excess category. South East and central part of Tiruchirappalli receives moderate to low rainfall. North East parts of Tiruchirappalli district such as pullambadi, Lalgudi and nearby areas received maximum rainfall during North East Monsoon and South West Monsoon. In winter season Manapparai and Vaiyampatti region received more rainfall while in summer season Thottiam and Mayanur area received more rainfall. The two major highlighted crops in Trichy district are Banana and Onion. Tiruchirappalli district is one of the Banana growing belts in Tamil Nadu. Spatial distribution of rainfall maps will be helpful to form a crop plan for different crops to increase the agricultural productivity of Tiruchirappalli district and to ensure the food security.

scholarly journals Monsoon Agriculture - Suggestieve Methods Using Dependable Inflow & Rainfall for a Command Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
S Surianarayanan ◽  
S Jaya kumar ◽  
S Jeyaprakash
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
West Monsoon ◽  
Kendall Method

In the recent trend of changing environment, the rainfall and the inflow to the reservoir are getting reduced year by year respectively in agricultural field and in river basins. In this paper the dependable inflow into the reservoir and the rainfall in the command area is estimated with the past 30 years data. The statistical methods and formulae (Variance, Mann- Kendall method) are used to determine the dependable inflow and rainfall for both the monsoons. It is found that the inflow is not dependable for South –West monsoon, to do the agriculture, for a normal crop, with medium water requirement.. For the North - East monsoon both the inflow and rainfall are dependable hence the agriculture can be carried out with a single crop (paddy) having more water requirement (or) possible multi-crops, according to the storage in the reservoir and prediction of rainfall in that season. The deductions for other requirements of the dam, losses for evaporation, conveyance etc has been taken into account. The case study is done with the data for 30 years (1982-2012)for a dam in Tamil Nadu, India. 

scholarly journals Aptidão agroclimática para o cultivo da mandioca no município de Barbalha - CE

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Moreira de Matos ◽  
Patrícia Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Antônio Soares Barros ◽  
José Dantas Neto ◽  
Raimundo Mainar de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Cassava Crop

O conhecimento da aptidão agroclimática é uma ferramenta importante na determinação do potencial agrícola de uma dada região, visando auxiliar no planejamento agrícola para obtenção de maior retorno econômico. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a aptidão agroclimática para o cultivo da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Cranz) visando disponibilizar informações para a implantação desta cultura no município de Barbalha - CE. Determinou-se o balanço hídrico climatológico e o índice de umidade utilizado uma série histórica de 45 anos de dados meteorológicos, referente ao período de 1973 a 2017 de precipitação pluviométrica e temperatura média do ar. Para determinar a aptidão agroclimática para o cultivo da mandioca foi utilizada as faixas do índice de umidade. As variáveis climáticas médias anuais foram: temperatura do ar (25,6 ºC), precipitação pluviométrica (1050,2 mm), evapotranspiração potencial (1482,8 mm), evapotranspiração real (813,7 mm), deficiência hídrica (669,1 mm) e excesso hídrico (236,5 mm). O município de Barbalha - CE possui aptidão agroclimática plena em 100% do território para o cultivo da mandioca, com necessidade de irrigação complementar no período em que apresenta deficiência de água no solo. As características agroclimáticas do município de Barbalha - CE favorecem o crescimento e produtividade da mandioca. Os resultados deste estudo para o município de Barbalha - CE, proporcionam subsídios para a implantação da cultura da mandioca mediante a disponibilização das informações do balanço hídrico e da aptidão agroclimática para a região.  Agroclimatic aptitude for the cultivation of cassava in the municipality of Barbalha - CEA B S T R A C TThe knowledge of agroclimatic aptitude is an important tool in determining the agricultural potential of a given region, aiming to assist in agricultural planning to obtain a higher economic return. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the agroclimatic aptitude for the cultivation of manioc (Manihot esculenta Cranz) in order to provide information for the implantation of this crop in the municipality of Barbalha - CE. It was determined the climatic water balance and the humidity index used a historical series of 45 years of meteorological data, referring to the period from 1973 to 2017 of rainfall and average air temperature. To determine the agroclimatic aptitude for cassava cultivation, the moisture index bands were used. The mean annual climatic variables were: air temperature (25.6 ºC), rainfall (1050.2 mm), potential evapotranspiration (1482.8 mm), real evapotranspiration (813.7 mm), water deficit (669.1 mm) and water excess (236.5 mm). The municipality of Barbalha - CE has full agroclimatic aptitude in 100% of the territory for the cultivation of cassava, with the need for complementary irrigation in the period when it presents deficiency of water in the soil. The agroclimatic characteristics of the municipality of Barbalha - CE favor the growth and productivity of cassava. The results of this study for the municipality of Barbalha - CE, provide subsidies for the implantation of the cassava crop through the availability of information on water balance and agroclimatic aptitude for the region.Keywords: Manihot esculenta Cranz, moisture content, water conditions, agricultural potential.

scholarly journals Performance of WRF’S Microphysics Options to Increase the Medium Range Rainfall Forecast Accuracy in Tamil Nadu Cauvery Delta Zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
S. Poorani Selvi ◽  
G. A. Dheebakaran ◽  
S. Kokilavani ◽  
V. Geethalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
North East ◽  
South West ◽  
Rainfall Forecast ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Cauvery Delta ◽  
West Monsoon

Weather plays a significant role in agricultural sector and the favourable weather enhance the opportunities and sustainability for crop production. Agriculture oriented Medium Range Weather Forecasts (3 – 10 days), particularly rainfall information in a week advance helps the farmers to overcome the aberrant weather conditions, reduces both input and output loss, thereby warranted higher benefit – cost ratio and net income. An attempt was made to improve the accuracy of medium range rainfall forecast (6 days) at Cauvery Delta Zone, the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu state, during South West Monsoon (June – Sep. 2020) and North East Monsoon (Oct. – Dec. 2020). The performance study of four microphysics schemes in WRF viz., Kessler, WSM3, WSM5 and WSM6 concluded that the WSM3 scheme produced more accurate forecast in Tamil Nadu's Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ) during both the South West Monsoon (SWM) and North East Monsoon (NEM). The 2nd better choice was the Kessler scheme, where the WSM5 and WSM6 were bad performers in CDZ. The forecast usability was decreased with increasing lead time, irrespective of season and microphysics. Among the seasons forecast accuracy and usability were higher in NEM than SWM.

scholarly journals Patterns, Trends and Drivers of Water Transparency in Sri Lanka Using Landsat 8 Observations and Google Earth Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193
Author(s):  
Deepakrishna Somasundaram ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Sisira Ediriweera ◽  
Shenglei Wang ◽  
Ziyao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Water Transparency ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
North East ◽  
South West Monsoon

Addressing inland water transparency and driver effects to ensure the sustainability and provision of good quality water in Sri Lanka has been a timely prerequisite, especially under the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 agenda. Natural and anthropogenic changes lead to significant variations in water quality in the country. Therefore, an urgent need has emerged to understand the variability, spatiotemporal patterns, changing trends and impact of drivers on transparency, which are unclear to date. This study used all available Landsat 8 images from 2013 to 2020 and a quasi-analytical approach to assess the spatiotemporal Secchi disk depth (ZSD) variability of 550 reservoirs and its relationship with natural (precipitation, wind and temperature) and anthropogenic (human activity and population density) drivers. ZSD varied from 9.68 cm to 199.47 with an average of 64.71 cm and 93% of reservoirs had transparency below 100 cm. Overall, slightly increasing trends were shown in the annual mean ZSD. Notable intra-annual variations were also indicating the highest and lowest ZSD during the north-east monsoon and south-west monsoon, respectively. The highest ZSD was found in wet zone reservoirs, while dry zone showed the least. All of the drivers were significantly affecting the water transparency in the entire island. The combined impact of natural factors on ZSD changes was more significant (77.70%) than anthropogenic variables, whereas, specifically, human activity accounted for the highest variability across all climatic zones. The findings of this study provide the first comprehensive estimation of the ZSD of entire reservoirs and driver contribution and also provides essential information for future sustainable water management and conservation strategies.

A MOISTURE STRESS INDEX FOR WHEAT BY MEANS OF A MODULATED SOIL MOISTURE BUDGET

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mack ◽  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stress Function ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Moisture Budget ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Soil Moisture Budget

Actual evapotranspiration (AE), soil moisture distribution, and moisture stress for a wheat crop (PE-AE) were estimated by the modulated soil moisture budget of Holmes and Robertson. The estimated soil moisture was reasonably well correlated with soil moisture measured weekly by means of gypsum blocks. Wheat yields from experimental plots in the corresponding area were related more closely to the moisture stress function (PE-AE: r = − 0.83), than to the seasonal precipitation (r = 0.62), the potential evapotranspiration (PE) or the evapotranspiration ratio (AE/PE). Regression analyses showed that the grain yields were reduced by an average of 156 (±sb = 40) kg/ha per cm of moisture stress from emergence to harvest, or by 311 and 69 kg/ha per cm of stress, from the fifth-leaf to the soft-dough stage and from the soft-dough stage to maturity, respectively. The moisture stress function may be used to characterize the soil–plant–atmosphere environment for the growing season of a crop. Precipitation and evapotranspiration data are presented annually for three standardized growing periods at Brandon from 1921 to 1963.

scholarly journals High Resolution of Water Availability for Emilia-Romagna Region over 1961–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cervi ◽  
M. M. Nistor
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Annual Water

In this study, monthly time series of precipitations and temperatures from 1024 controlled and homogeneous meteorological stations located in the Emilia-Romagna region (northern Italy) are processed in order to assess potential climate changes that occurred during the period 1961–2015. Normal period as baseline between 1961 and 1990 (1990s) and recent period between 1991 and 2015 (2010s) were adopted in this study to analyse the possible effect of climate change on water availability during long-term period. Based on monthly and annual temperature (TT), precipitation (PP), and potential (ET0), the actual evapotranspiration (AET0) and water availability (WA) were computed at high spatial resolution. Between the two analysed periods, during the 2010s, it was found an increase in the maximum mean annual temperature by 1.08°C while the maximum mean annual precipitation saw a slight decrease (from 2222 mm to 2086 mm). The precipitation decrease is more intense in the South and West sectors of area (8%) and mainly depends on negative changes taking place during the winter and the beginning of spring (from December to March). The maximum mean annual ET0 and AET0 reached values of 663 mm and 565 mm during the 1990s, while during the 2010s, the found values were 668 mm and 572 mm, respectively. Because of the decrease in precipitation and increase in the ET0 and AET0, the WA (the proportion of precipitation that is available at the soil surface for subsequent infiltration and runoff processes) shows a reduction (about 10–20%) in the whole region, with exception of the North-East part of the Emilia-Romagna region. The decrease in the mean annual water availability induces severe issues concerning the water resources management across the whole Emilia-Romagna region.

A NEW CHEMICAL BRASSINOLIDE IN COMBINATION WITH FERTILIZER LEVELS TO IMPROVE THE SEED SETTING PERCENTAGE IN SUNFLOWER

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chinnamuthu ◽  
A. Sivamurugan ◽  
A. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Opening Stage ◽  
Seed Setting Percentage

Poor seed set and filling is one of the most common problems encountered in sunflower cultivation. The yield of sunflower could be increased to a considerable extent by using brassinolide, a plant growth promoting substance, isolated from the pollen of rape, which prevents the formation of empty achenes, thus increasing the number of filled seeds. Field experiments were carried out at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during the summer (March–May) and South West Monsoon (June– September) seasons of 1997 to study the effect of brassinolide and NPK levels on the yield and yield attributes of sunflower. The experiments were laid out in a split plot design. The main plots were treated with five levels of fertilizer (N:P:K), namely 40:20:20, 50:25:25, 60:30:30, 70:35:35 and 80:40:40 kg ha -1, while the subplots consisted of seed setting treatments: hand pollination, 0.2% borax + 2% diammonium phosphate spray and 1 ppm brassinolide spray at the ray floret opening stage, together with a control. Yield attributes: head diameter, number of seeds head –1, seed filling percentage and 100 seed weight, were significantly influenced by NPK levels. Among the seed setting treatments, brassinsolide 1 ppm spray at the ray floret opening stage was found to be superior in enhancing the seed setting percentage. The application of N:P:K at 80:40:40 kg ha –1 was found to be optimum for higher seed yield in sunflower.

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