scholarly journals Aptidão agroclimática para o cultivo da mandioca no município de Barbalha - CE

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Moreira de Matos ◽  
Patrícia Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Antônio Soares Barros ◽  
José Dantas Neto ◽  
Raimundo Mainar de Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Cassava Crop

O conhecimento da aptidão agroclimática é uma ferramenta importante na determinação do potencial agrícola de uma dada região, visando auxiliar no planejamento agrícola para obtenção de maior retorno econômico. Assim, objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a aptidão agroclimática para o cultivo da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Cranz) visando disponibilizar informações para a implantação desta cultura no município de Barbalha - CE. Determinou-se o balanço hídrico climatológico e o índice de umidade utilizado uma série histórica de 45 anos de dados meteorológicos, referente ao período de 1973 a 2017 de precipitação pluviométrica e temperatura média do ar. Para determinar a aptidão agroclimática para o cultivo da mandioca foi utilizada as faixas do índice de umidade. As variáveis climáticas médias anuais foram: temperatura do ar (25,6 ºC), precipitação pluviométrica (1050,2 mm), evapotranspiração potencial (1482,8 mm), evapotranspiração real (813,7 mm), deficiência hídrica (669,1 mm) e excesso hídrico (236,5 mm). O município de Barbalha - CE possui aptidão agroclimática plena em 100% do território para o cultivo da mandioca, com necessidade de irrigação complementar no período em que apresenta deficiência de água no solo. As características agroclimáticas do município de Barbalha - CE favorecem o crescimento e produtividade da mandioca. Os resultados deste estudo para o município de Barbalha - CE, proporcionam subsídios para a implantação da cultura da mandioca mediante a disponibilização das informações do balanço hídrico e da aptidão agroclimática para a região.  Agroclimatic aptitude for the cultivation of cassava in the municipality of Barbalha - CEA B S T R A C TThe knowledge of agroclimatic aptitude is an important tool in determining the agricultural potential of a given region, aiming to assist in agricultural planning to obtain a higher economic return. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the agroclimatic aptitude for the cultivation of manioc (Manihot esculenta Cranz) in order to provide information for the implantation of this crop in the municipality of Barbalha - CE. It was determined the climatic water balance and the humidity index used a historical series of 45 years of meteorological data, referring to the period from 1973 to 2017 of rainfall and average air temperature. To determine the agroclimatic aptitude for cassava cultivation, the moisture index bands were used. The mean annual climatic variables were: air temperature (25.6 ºC), rainfall (1050.2 mm), potential evapotranspiration (1482.8 mm), real evapotranspiration (813.7 mm), water deficit (669.1 mm) and water excess (236.5 mm). The municipality of Barbalha - CE has full agroclimatic aptitude in 100% of the territory for the cultivation of cassava, with the need for complementary irrigation in the period when it presents deficiency of water in the soil. The agroclimatic characteristics of the municipality of Barbalha - CE favor the growth and productivity of cassava. The results of this study for the municipality of Barbalha - CE, provide subsidies for the implantation of the cassava crop through the availability of information on water balance and agroclimatic aptitude for the region.Keywords: Manihot esculenta Cranz, moisture content, water conditions, agricultural potential.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA NA SUB-BACIA DO BOI BRANCO ATRAVÉS DO BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E DE CULTIVO

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mariana Alexandre de Lima Sales ◽  
RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN ◽  
LEONOR RODRÍGUEZ SINOBAS ◽  
RAIMUNDO NONATO FARIAS MONTEIRO ◽  
JOÃO VICTOR RIBEIRO DA SILVA DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Average Monthly Precipitation ◽  
E Mail

AVALIAÇÃO DA DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA NA SUB-BACIA DO BOI BRANCO ATRAVÉS DO BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E DE CULTIVO  MARIANA ALEXANDRE DE LIMA SALES1; RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN2; LEONOR RODRÍGUEZ SINOBAS3; RAIMUNDO NONATO FARIAS MONTEIRO4; JOÃO VICTOR RIBEIRO DA SILVA DE SOUZA5. 1 Tecnóloga em Irrigação e Drenagem, Doutoranda em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) – FCA/UNESP. Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu – SP, e-mail: [email protected] Eng. de Irrigação e Drenagem, Prof. Doutor FCA/UNESP. Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu, SP. Fone: (14) 3711-7100. E-mail: [email protected] Eng. Agrônoma, Profa. Doutora ETSIA/UPM, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madri, Espanha. e-mail: [email protected] Tecnólogo em Recursos Hídricos/Irrigação, Doutor em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) – FCA/UNESP. Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu – SP, e-mail: [email protected] Eng. Agrônomo, Doutorando em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) – FCA/UNESP. Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu – SP, e-mail: [email protected].  1 RESUMO Uma das formas de contabilizar a quantidade de água de um determinado sistema é por meio do balanço hídrico, o qual é uma importante ferramenta para o processo de avaliação do ciclo da água em uma determinada região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o balanço hídrico na sub-bacia hidrográfica do Boi Branco-SP, para servir como ferramenta ao planejamento hidroagrícola e ambiental da região. Para o balanço hídrico climatológico, utilizaram-se dados da série histórica da região (1971 a 1995). Os dados de evapotranspiração foram estimados pelo método de Thornthwaite. O balanço hídrico climatológico mostrou déficit hídrico total anual de 10,1 mm, e um excedente de 319,7 mm, tendo no mês de janeiro um excedente de 92,6 mm, para a precipitação média mensal; com a precipitação efetiva mensal com probabilidade de 75%, déficit hídrico no solo é de 238,8 mm e o excedente 56,8 mm. Quando se adiciona a esses dados os das culturas implantadas na área de estudo, como coeficiente de cultivo e fator de depleção da umidade do solo, observa-se que todas as culturas do estudo apresentaram déficit hídrico em todos os meses em que estiveram no campo. Palavras-chave: Planejamento hidroagrícola, capacidade de água disponível no solo, evapotranspiração.  SALES, M. A. L.; SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN, R. M.; SONOBAS, L. R.; MONTEIRO, R. N. F.; SOUZA, J. V. R. S.ASSESSMENT OF WATER AVAILABILITY AT BOI BRANCO WATERSHED   THROUGH CLIMATIC WATER BALANCE AND GROWING  2 ABSTRACT One way to calculate the amount of water in a determined system is by means of the water balance, an important tool for the assessment of the water cycle in a specific region. The main goal of this work was to establish the water balance in the watershed Boi Branco-SP, so that it can be used as a tool for the hydro-agricultural and environmental planning of the region. For the climatic water balance, data of the historical series of the region (1971 - 1995) were used. Evapotranspiration data were estimated by the Thornthwaite method. The climatic water balance showed  total annual water deficit  of 10.1 mm, and surplus of 319.7 mm, with January presenting surplus  of  92.6 in the average monthly precipitation; given that the effective monthly precipitation presenting probability of 75%,  water deficit  in the soil  is 238.8 mm and surplus is 56.8 mm. When these data are added to the ones of the crop, as a crop coefficient and soil humidity depletion factor, it is observed that all crops studied showed water deficit  in all the months covered. Keyword: Water agricultural planning, water capability available in the soil, evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Calculation of meteorological water balance in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Hussein Ilaibi Zamil Al-Sudani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
North East ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

The hydrology section is divided into two main components, surface and groundwater. One of the most important outcomes in the water balance equation for any natural area or water body is Evapotranspiration and it is also a crucial component of the hydrologic cycle. Prediction of monthly evapotranspiration can be obtained depending on observed monthly average temperatures at a meteorological station in each year. Calculating of water balance in Iraq depending on meteorological data and Thornthwaite method was the aim of this research. Results of corrected potential evapotranspiration (PEc) obtained from applying Thornthwaite formula were compared with annual and monthly rainfall in thirty two meteorological station in order to estimate actual evapotranspiration (AE). The results showed that the annual summation of rainfall increased from south west towards north east according to the increasing ratio of rainfall due to the impact of Mediterranean climate condition on Iraq. Actual evapotranspiration depends directly on water excess during calculating water balance. Water surplus contour map indicates increased values towards north-east direction of Iraq, where water surplus depends directly on both rainfall and actual evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Shift in Climate Class Over Tamil Nadu

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
S Panneerselvam ◽  
S Kokilavani ◽  
A. P Ramaraj ◽  
G. A Dheebakaran ◽  
T. N Balasubramania
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
North East ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Index Value

Climate being a significant driver for best selection of crops in a region, allocation of similar climatic zones has always received plunge.Twenty per cent or more precipitation decrease is anticipated for many parts of the arid regions in the next century. Rainfall is a crucial agro-climatological factor in the seasonally arid parts of the world and its analysis is an essential prerequisite for agricultural planning in India. Ninety years (1911-2000) of both South West Monsoon (SWM) and North East Monsoon (NEM) rainfall data of Tamil Nadu (excluding urbanite Chennai)and potential evapotranspiration data were collected and analysed. The moisture index (Im) was computed based on Thornthwaite and Mather model. Based on the moisture index value of the SWM and NEM, the districts were classified under different climate groups.Over 90 years study, seven districts comes under arid (E), 17 under semi-arid(D), five under dry sub humid(C1) and one each in moist sub humid(C2) and per humid (A) class respectively(SWM period). During NEM no districts registered under (E) or (D) climate class. Further seven districts fell each in (C1) and (C2) class respectively and12 districts comes under Humid(B) and five districts under (A) climate class for Tamil Nadu.During SWM, both the data slice (30 years) and decadal (10 years) analysis explored Trichy district might experience severe moisture stress compared to the past. Madurai, Perambalur and Virudhunagar showed a change from (B1) to (C2) during NEM which showed there might be a change in reduction in soil moisture status among the data slice period. Remaining districts fell within the same climate group.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND WATER BALANCE IN ICELAND

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARKÚS Á. EINARSSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The Difference

The paper describes the results of estimations of potential evapotranspiration (Ep) in Iceland using Penman's equation. The calculations are based on distribution maps for global radiation for the period 1958-1967 previously developed by the author, and meteorological data from 28 weather stations for the same period. The distribution of Ep for the year and for the summer (April-September) are mapped. Further, the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (P-Ep) is calculated and mapped for the year as a whole and for the two periods April-September and May-August according to the values of Ep and precipitation normals (P) for the years 1931-1960.

scholarly journals Thornthwaite Models for Estimating Potential evapotranspiration in Medan City

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012095
Author(s):  
N Anggraini ◽  
B Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Region I ◽  
Meteorological Observations

Abstract Evapotranspiration plays a big role in the hydrology process. Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) always keeps soil moisture available, although an amount of water evaporates through evaporation and transpiration. The Thornthwaite equation uses air temperature and latitude from meteorological observations for estimating PET. Medan City is one of the biggest cities in Indonesia that have a problem with land-use change that affected water balance. This study is to estimate the PET and to learn the water balance in Medan City. The monthly temperature data for the period 2011-2020 is collected from three meteorological stations for estimating PET using the Thornthwaite equation. The highest monthly temperature is in Belawan Maritime Meteorological Station yet the lowest rainfall. The trends of PET depend on the month. The highest PET in Jan.-Apr. and Sep.-Dec. are in Belawan Maritime Meteorological Station, while the highest PET in May-Aug. is in Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Region I Medan. The P-PET has shown negative and positive values. The lowest P-PET is found in Belawan Maritime Meteorological Station in March and the highest P-PET is found in Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Region I Medan in October.

scholarly journals BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA DE THORNTHWAITE E MATHER (1955) PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE MANICORÉ, NA MESORREGIÃO SUL DO AMAZONAS

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-655
Author(s):  
Paulo André da Silva Martins ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Santos Querino ◽  
Marcos Antônio Lima Moura ◽  
Juliane Kayse Albuquerque da Silva Querino ◽  
Leia Beatriz Vieira Bentolila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Classification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
E Mail

BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA DE THORNTHWAITE E MATHER (1955) PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE MANICORÉ, NA MESORREGIÃO SUL DO AMAZONAS     PAULO ANDRÉ DA SILVA MARTINS1; CARLOS ALEXANDRE SANTOS QUERINO2; MARCOS ANTÔNIO LIMA MOURA3; JULIANE KAYSE ALBUQUERQUE DA SILVA QUERINO4; LÉIA BEATRIZ VIEIRA BENTOLILA5 E PAULA CAROLINE DOS SANTOS SILVA6   1Doutorando em Geografia pela Universidade Federal de Rondônia -UNIR, membro pesquisador do grupo de pesquisa Interação biosfera atmosfera na Amazônia – GPIBA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM e grupo de pesquisa geografia e planejamento ambiental - LABOGEOPA, da Universidade Federal de Rondônia – UNIR, Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Hidro meteorologia e pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM.  Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Instituto de Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade Federal de Alagoas – ICAT/UFAL. Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, S/N Tabuleiro dos Martins, CEP: 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Departamento de Hidro meteorologia e pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM.  Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Engenheira Ambiental, membra do grupo de pesquisa Interação biosfera atmosfera na Amazônia – GPIBA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM. Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected] 6Mestra em Ciências Ambientais pela Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM. Membra do grupo de pesquisa Interação biosfera atmosfera na Amazônia – GPIBA, da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM Rua 29 de agosto s/n, centro, CEP: 69800-000, Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected]     1 RESUMO   O padrão climático é descrito pelas condições das variáveis meteorológicas que exercem influência nas atividades humanas. Por sua vez, a agricultura é condicionada pela disponibilidade hídrica que pode ser conhecida através do balanço hídrico. Objetivou-se analisar a precipitação e a temperatura do ar, bem como realizar o balanço hídrico climatológico e a classificação climática em Manicoré-AM. Os dados foram coletados a partir da estação meteorológica do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia entre os anos de 2010 a 2018. A evapotranspiração potencial foi calculada pelo modelo de Thornthwaite (1948). O balanço hídrico e a classificação climática foram estimados pela metodologia de Thornthwaite e Mather (1955). Os resultados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva. A precipitação média anual foi de 2.946,20 mm dos quais 90% ocorreram no período chuvoso. A temperatura do ar (Tar) média anual variou entre 25 e 27 °C. A deficiência hídrica anual média foi de 267,91 mm entre maio e setembro. O excedente hídrico médio anual foi de 1.609,26 mm entre dezembro e abril. A evapotranspiração potencial média anual foi de 1.604,85 mm, com máxima em agosto e mínima em julho. Por fim, a Classificação climática foi AwA’a’, clima super úmido megatérmico com moderada deficiência hídrica no inverno.   Palavras-Chaves: Precipitação, Temperatura do ar, Padrão climático.   MARTINS, P. A. da S.; QUERINO, C. A. S.; MOURA, MARCOS A. L.; QUERINO, J. K. A. da S.; BENTOLILA, L. B. V.; SILVA, P. C. dos S. CLIMATIC WATER BALANCE AND THORNTHWAITE AND MATHER (1955) CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION FOR MANICORÉ MUNICIPALITY IN AMAZONAS SOUTH MESOREGION     2 ABSTRACT   Climate pattern can be described by the conditions of the meteorological variables that exert influence on human activities. Agriculture, in its turn, is conditioned by water availability, which can be known through water balance. This paper aimed to analyze precipitation and air temperature, as well as to perform the climatic water balance and climatic classification in the municipality of Manicoré (Amazonas State, Brazil). Data were collected from the meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology from 2010 through 2018. Potential evapotranspiration was calculated by the Thornthwaite model (Thornthwaite, 1948). Water balance and climatic classification were estimated by Thornthwaite and Mather (1955) methodology. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The mean annual precipitation was 2.946.20 mm, of which 90% occurred in the rainy season. The average annual air temperature ranged from 25 to 27 ° C. The mean annual water deficit was 267.91 mm from May through September. The average annual water surplus was 1,609.26 mm from December through April. The annual average potential evapotranspiration was 1,604.85 mm, with maximum in August and minimum in July. Finally, the climatic classification was AwA'a ', super humid megathermal climate with moderate water deficiency in winter.   Keywords: Precipitation, Air temperature, Southern Amazonas.

scholarly journals ASSESSING GLOBAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY UNDER COLDEST AND WARMEST PERIODS AT DIFFERENT LATITUDINAL REGIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Eleonora Runtunuwu ◽  
Akihiko Kondoh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Period Data

Effect of climate change on water balance will play a key role in the biosphere system. To study the global climate change impact on water balance during 95-year period (1901-1995), long-term grid climatic data including global mean monthly temperature and precipitation at 0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution were analysed. The trend and variation of climate change, the time series of monthly air temperature and precipitation data were aggregated into annual arithmetic means for two extreme periods (1901-1920 and 1990-1995). The potential evapotranspiration (Eo) was calculated using Thornthwaite method.<br />The changes in mean annual value were obtained by subtracting the maximum period data from 1990 to 1995 (Max) with the minimum period data from 1901 to 1920 (Min). The results revealed that over 95-year period, mean global air temperature increased by 0.57oC. The temperature increase varied greatly in Asia, with more than 3.0oC, especially at 45-70oN, as well over the northern part of America (60-65oN) and Europe (55- 75oN). In low latitude across Asia, Africa, and South America, the variation was less than 1.5oC. In 80-85ºN region, the variation was relatively small and at higher latitudes it increased<br />significantly. Precipitation varied temporally and spatially. In the 40-45ºN and 40-45ºS regions, increasing precipitation of more than 100 mm occurred during the June-August and<br />September-November, especially in the northern hemisphere. The Eo increase of 2000 mm during 95 years occurred in the tropical northern America, middle Africa, and South-East Asia. A grid in Central Java of Indonesia showed that the Eo increase of 2500 mm during 95 years resulted in the decrease of growing period by 100 days. In coping with climate change, adjustment of cropping calendar is imperative.

scholarly journals Ecological Water Stress under Projected Climate Change across Hydroclimate Gradients in the North-Central United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 2103-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Adhikari ◽  
Andrew J. Hansen ◽  
Imtiaz Rangwala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
High Emission

AbstractWater balance influences the distribution, abundance, and diversity of plant species across Earth’s terrestrial system. In this study, we examine changes in the water balance and, consequently, the dryland extent across eight ecoregions of the north-central United States by quantifying changes in the growing season (May–September) moisture index (MI) by 2071–99, relative to 1980–2005, under three high-resolution (~4 km) downscaled climate projections (CNRM-CM5, CCSM4, and IPSL-CM5A-MR) of high-emission scenarios (RCP8.5). We find that all ecoregions are projected to become drier as based on significant decreases in MI, except four ecoregions under CNRM-CM5, which projects relatively more moderate warming and much greater increases in precipitation relative to the other two projections. The mean projected MI across the entire study area changes by from +4% to −33%. The proportion of dryland (MI < 0.65) is projected to increase under all projections, but more significantly under the warmer and drier projections represented by CCSM4 and IPSL-CM5A-MR; these two projections also show the largest spatial increases in the arid (33%–53%) and hyperarid (135%–180%) dryland classes and the greatest decrease in the dry subhumid (from −56% to −88%) dryland class. Among the ecoregions, those in the semiarid class have the highest increase in potential evapotranspiration, those in the nondryland and dry subhumid class have the largest decrease in MI, and those in the dry subhumid class have the greatest increase in dryland extent. These changes are expected to have important implications for agriculture, ecological function, biodiversity, vegetation dynamics, and hydrological budget.

scholarly journals ASSESSING GLOBAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY UNDER COLDEST AND WARMEST PERIODS AT DIFFERENT LATITUDINAL REGIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Eleonora Runtunuwu ◽  
Akihiko Kondoh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Period Data

Effect of climate change on water balance will play a key role in the biosphere system. To study the global climate change impact on water balance during 95-year period (1901-1995), long-term grid climatic data including global mean monthly temperature and precipitation at 0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution were analysed. The trend and variation of climate change, the time series of monthly air temperature and precipitation data were aggregated into annual arithmetic means for two extreme periods (1901-1920 and 1990-1995). The potential evapotranspiration (Eo) was calculated using Thornthwaite method.<br />The changes in mean annual value were obtained by subtracting the maximum period data from 1990 to 1995 (Max) with the minimum period data from 1901 to 1920 (Min). The results revealed that over 95-year period, mean global air temperature increased by 0.57oC. The temperature increase varied greatly in Asia, with more than 3.0oC, especially at 45-70oN, as well over the northern part of America (60-65oN) and Europe (55- 75oN). In low latitude across Asia, Africa, and South America, the variation was less than 1.5oC. In 80-85ºN region, the variation was relatively small and at higher latitudes it increased<br />significantly. Precipitation varied temporally and spatially. In the 40-45ºN and 40-45ºS regions, increasing precipitation of more than 100 mm occurred during the June-August and<br />September-November, especially in the northern hemisphere. The Eo increase of 2000 mm during 95 years occurred in the tropical northern America, middle Africa, and South-East Asia. A grid in Central Java of Indonesia showed that the Eo increase of 2500 mm during 95 years resulted in the decrease of growing period by 100 days. In coping with climate change, adjustment of cropping calendar is imperative.

scholarly journals Spatially distributed water-balance and meteorological data from the rain-snow transition, southern Sierra Nevada, California

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bales ◽  
Erin Stacy ◽  
Mohammad Safeeq ◽  
Xiande Meng ◽  
Matthew Meadows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Abstract. We strategically placed spatially distributed sensors to provide representative measures of changes in snowpack and subsurface water storage, plus the fluxes affecting these stores, in a set of nested headwater catchments. We present eight years of hourly snow-depth, soil-moisture and soil-temperature data, and 14 years of quarter-hourly streamflow and meteorological data that detail water-balance processes at the rain-snow transition at Providence Creek in the southern Sierra Nevada, California. Providence Creek is the co-operated long-term study run by the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station's Kings River Experimental Watersheds. The 4-km2 montane Providence Creek catchment spans the current rain-snow transition elevation of 1500–2100 m. Two meteorological stations bracket the high and low elevations of the catchment, measuring air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and snow depth, and at the higher station, snow water equivalent. Paired flumes at three subcatchments and a V-notch weir at the integrating catchment measure quarter-hourly streamflow. Measurements of meteorological and streamflow data began in 2002. Between 2008 and 2010, 50 sensor nodes were added to measure distributed snow depth, air temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture down to a depth of 1 m below the surface. These sensor nodes were installed to capture the lateral differences of aspect and canopy coverage. Data are available at hourly and daily intervals by water year (October 1–September 30) in non-proprietary formats from online data repositories (https://doi.org/10.6071/Z7WC73 and https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0037).

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