An update on the treatment of cutaneous tumours

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Anna Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Intralesional Treatment ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Number Of Treatment

Cutaneous tumours continue to present a significant clinical challenge in equine practice. There are a large number of treatment options and selecting the appropriate modality requires careful consideration of a number of factors. While sarcoids are the most commonly diagnosed cutaneous tumour, their clinical appearance can have considerable overlap with other types of lesion, so biopsy should be performed where the diagnosis is uncertain. New treatment options for sarcoids include electrosurgery, electrochemotherapy and novel intralesional treatments. Melanomas still have relatively limited treatment options beyond surgical resection, but there are now limited data to support the use of a xenogenic DNA vaccination protocol. Squamous cell carcinomas are generally best treated via surgical excision, but a novel intralesional treatment may prove to be a useful option for further treatment.

scholarly journals Factors Indicating Surgical Excision in Classical Type of Lobular Neoplasia of the Breast

Breast Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Constanze Elfgen ◽  
Christoph Tausch ◽  
Ann-Katrin Rodewald ◽  
Uwe Güth ◽  
Christoph Rageth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Lobular Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Lobular Neoplasia ◽  
Classical Type

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Classical type of lobular neoplasia (LN) encompassing both atypical lobular hyperplasia and classical lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast is a lesion with uncertain malignant potential and has been the topic of several studies with conflicting outcome results. The aim of our study was to clarify outcome-relevant factors and treatment options of classical LN. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a pathological re-evaluation of the preoperative biopsy specimens and a retrospective clinical and radiological data analysis of 160 patients with LN from the Breast Center Zurich. Open surgery was performed in 65 patients, vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) in 79 patients, and surveillance after breast core needle biopsy (CNB) in 16 patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The upgrade rate into ductal carcinoma in situ/invasive cancer was the highest in case of imaging/histology discordance (40%). If the number of foci in the biopsy specimen was ≥3, the upgrade rate in the consecutive surgical specimens was increased (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The association of classical LN with histological microcalcification correlated with shortened disease-free survival (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01), whereas other factors showed no impact on follow-up. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Surveillance or subsequent VAB after CNB of LN is sufficient in most cases. Careful consideration of individual radiological and histological factors is required to identify patients with a high risk of upgrade into malignancy. In those cases, surgical excision is indicated.

scholarly journals The role of patient and healthcare professionals in the era of new hemophilia treatments in developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Nossair ◽  
Courtney D. Thornburg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Patient Goals ◽  
Number Of Treatment

Medical decisions in hemophilia care are primarily related to the type of factor replacement and treatment regimen. With the growing number of treatment options for patients with hemophilia, decision making is more complex and requires careful consideration of benefits, risks, and patient goals. Shared decision making and decision-aid tools facilitate patient and healthcare provider communication. In this review, the overall role of shared decision making in medicine is outlined, with special emphasis on models for practical implementation. Examples of shared decision making in hemophilia are outlined, and application to new therapeutics is discussed through a case-based approach.

Use of low-dose, weekly carboplatin in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 331-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan O'Leary-Kelly ◽  
Dexiang Gao ◽  
Sarah Weisdack ◽  
Elaine Tat Lam ◽  
Brandon David Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Prior Therapy ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Castrate Resistant ◽  
Number Of Treatment

331 Background: Medical treatment options for advanced prostate cancer have evolved rapidly in recent years, with multiple new agents available. Our group had previously reported the use of weekly carboplatin for mCRPC in the pre-docetaxel era. The efficacy and toxicities of low-dose, weekly carboplatin were evaluated in a more contemporary patient cohort. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with mCRPC treated with carboplatin from 2006-17 at a single health system. Carboplatin (AUC 2) was given weekly for 4 weeks of a 6-week cycle in combination with 1mg daily dexamethasone. Results: Sixty-four carboplatin-treated patients were identified, with a mean baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 568.55 ng/mL (range 0.02-4322). The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-10). The therapy was generally well tolerated and a dose-reduction was required for only 4 patients. Previous therapy included: docetaxel 95.3%, cabazitaxel 21.9%, abiraterone 53.1%, and enzalutamide 29.7%. A PSA decline of 30% occurred in 20 of 64 patients (31%). The response rate varied based on prior therapy. The most common adverse events were fatigue (80%), anemia (64%), and neuropathy (48%). There were 20 patients with Grade 3 adverse events. The most common was thrombocytopenia (n = 9), and 1 grade 4 thrombocytopenia. No other grade 4 toxicities were noted. Conclusions: New treatment options are needed for mCRPC after progression on currently approved agents. Platinum therapy may have increased activity in specific genomic subtypes of prostate cancer. These results compare favorably with the TROPC study of cabazitaxel (39% PSA response) in spite of the heavy pretreatment of our population. This retrospective report shows that carboplatin has activity and little toxicity in an unselected cohort of mCRPC.

Management of thoracic aortic lesions - the future is endovascular

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidenhagen ◽  
Bombien ◽  
Meimarakis ◽  
Geisler ◽  
A. Koeppel
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Aneurysm Dissection

Open surgical repair of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta, such as aneurysm, dissection and traumatic rupture, has been the “state-of-the-art” treatment for many decades. However, in specialized cardiovascular centers, thoracic endovascular aortic repair and hybrid aortic procedures have been implemented as novel treatment options. The current clinical results show that these procedures can be performed with low morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to a lack of randomized trials, the level of reliability of these new treatment modalities remains a matter of discussion. Clinical decision-making is generally based on the experience of the vascular center as well as on individual factors, such as life expectancy, comorbidity, aneurysm aetiology, aortic diameter and morphology. This article will review and discuss recent publications of open surgical, hybrid thoracic aortic (in case of aortic arch involvement) and endovascular repair in complex pathologies of the descending thoracic aorta.

In-block lateralization as a new technique for mobilization of the inferior alveolar nerve: a technique case series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Augusto Tomazi ◽  
Alexandre da Silveira Gerzson ◽  
Angelo Menuci Neto ◽  
André Luciano Pasinato da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Case Series ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Short Implants ◽  
Bone Atrophy ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Number Of Treatment

The edentulous atrophic posterior mandible is often a great challenge for implant rehabilitation. Although a number of treatment options have been proposed, including the use of short implants and surgical grafting techniques, in cases of severe bone atrophy, techniques for mobilization of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) have been shown to be efficient, with good results. Four female patients underwent IAN lateralization for prosthetic rehabilitation of the posterior mandible from 2013 to 2019, with 1 year to 5 years and 4 months of follow-up. This case series describes a new technique for mobilization of the IAN, named in-block lateralization, to facilitate access to the IAN and to reduce nerve manipulation. The implant is immediately installed (allowing nerve lateralization in unitary spaces) and the original mandibular anatomy is restored with autogenous bone from the original bed during the same surgical procedure. When well indicated and well performed, this new approach provides better and easier visualization of the IAN as well as safer manipulation aiming to achieve good results for implant stability and minimal risk of neurosensory disturbances, allowing rehabilitation even in unitary spaces.

A Genomic Approach to Characterize the Vulnerable Patient – a Clinical Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Evelin Szabó ◽  
Zsolt Parajkó ◽  
Diana Opincariu ◽  
Monica Chițu ◽  
Nóra Raț ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Vulnerable Patient ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Atherosclerosis is the elemental precondition for any cardiovascular disease and the predominant cause of ischemic heart disease that often leads to myocardial infarction. Systemic risk factors play an important role in the starting and progression of atherosclerosis. The complexity of the disease is caused by its multifactorial origin. Besides the traditional risk factors, genetic predisposition is also a strong risk factor. Many studies have intensively researched cardioprotective drugs, which can relieve myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, thereby reducing infarct size. A better understanding of abnormal epigenetic pathways in the myocardial pathology may result in new treatment options. Individualized therapy based on genome sequencing is important for an effective future medical treatment. Studies based on multiomics help to better understand the pathophysiological mechanism of several diseases at a molecular level. Epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic research may be essential in detecting the pathological phenotype of myocardial ischemia and ischemic heart failure.

Proteomic Analysis of the Vitreous Body in Proliferative and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van-An Duong ◽  
Jeeyun Ahn ◽  
Na-Young Han ◽  
Jong-Moon Park ◽  
Jeong-Hun Mok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
New Treatment

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), one of the major microvascular complications commonly occurring in diabetic patients, can be classified into Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR). Currently available therapies are only targeted for later stages of the disease in which some pathologic changes may be irreversible. Thus, there is a need to develop new treatment options for earlier stages of DR through revealing pathological mechanisms of PDR and NPDR. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize proteomes of diabetic through quantitative analysis of PDR and NPDR. Methods: Vitreous body was collected from three groups: control (non-diabetes mellitus), NPDR, and PDR. Vitreous proteins were digested to peptide mixtures and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. MaxQuant was used to search against the database and statistical analyses were performed using Perseus. Gene ontology analysis, related-disease identification, and protein-protein interaction were performed using the differential expressed proteins. Results: Twenty proteins were identified as critical in PDR and NPDR. The NPDR group showed different expressions of kininogen-1, serotransferrin, ribonuclease pancreatic, osteopontin, keratin type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal, and transthyretin. Also, prothrombin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 4, hemoglobin subunit alpha, beta, and delta were particularly up-regulated proteins for PDR group. The up-regulated proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades. Statherin was down-regulated in PDR and NPDR compared with the control group. Transthyretin was the unique protein that increased its abundance in NPDR compared with the PDR and control group. Conclusion: This study confirmed the different expressions of some proteins in PDR and NPDR. Additionally, we revealed uniquely expressed proteins of PDR and NPDR, which would be differential biomarkers: prothrombin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, hemoglobin subunit alpha, beta, and transthyretin.

Immunotherapy and potential predictive biomarkers in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Xu ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Hushan Zhang ◽  
Xueke She ◽  
Jianjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ablative Therapies ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Well Differentiated

Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors scattered throughout the body. Surgery, locoregional or ablative therapies as well as maintenance treatments are applied in well-differentiated, low-grade NENs, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy is usually applied in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, treatment options for patients with advanced or metastatic NENs are limited. Immunotherapy has provided new treatment approaches for many cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors, but predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of NENs have not been fully reported. By reviewing the literature and international congress abstracts, we summarize the current knowledge of ICIs, potential predicative biomarkers in the treatment of NENs, implications and efficacy of ICIs as well as biomarkers for NENs of gastroenteropancreatic system, lung NENs and Merkel cell carcinoma in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammation in HaCaT Cells by Using Buddleja davidii Aqueous Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anh Thu Nguyen ◽  
Ki-young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Hacat Keratinocyte

Acne is an inflammatory skin disorder; although some anti-inflammatory medicines for treating acne are available in a market, they have considerable side effects; therefore, new treatment options are needed. In the present study, among the 16 aqueous extracts of plants collected from Jeju Island in Korea which are used to test anti-inflammatory activity, B. davidii showed the strong decline of the proinflammatory cytokine expression against the inflammatory process caused by C. acnes in Human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. B. davidii downregulated the expression of 57% of COX-2, 41% of iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines 29% of TNF-α, 32% of IL-1β, 21% of IL-6, and 35% of IL-8. Furthermore, B. davidii inhibited NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades in keratinocytes that activated by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) in response to C. acnes. Given those results, B. davidii is a potential agent to reduce the proinflammatory cytokine expression against C. acnes-induced inflammation and might provide an alternative to the current medications.

scholarly journals Cancer Vaccines for Genitourinary Tumors: Recent Progresses and Future Possibilities

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Brigida Anna Maiorano ◽  
Giovanni Schinzari ◽  
Davide Ciardiello ◽  
Maria Grazia Rodriquenz ◽  
Antonio Cisternino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccines ◽  
Combination Strategies ◽  
New Treatment

Background: In the last years, many new treatment options have widened the therapeutic scenario of genitourinary malignancies. Immunotherapy has shown efficacy, especially in the urothelial and renal cell carcinomas, with no particular relevance in prostate cancer. However, despite the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, there is still high morbidity and mortality among these neoplasms. Cancer vaccines represent another way to activate the immune system. We sought to summarize the most recent advances in vaccine therapy for genitourinary malignancies with this review. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database for clinical trials conducted in the last ten years, focusing on cancer vaccines in the prostate, urothelial and renal cancer. Results: Various therapeutic vaccines, including DNA-based, RNA-based, peptide-based, dendritic cells, viral vectors and modified tumor cells, have been demonstrated to induce specific immune responses in a variable percentage of patients. However, these responses rarely corresponded to significant survival improvements. Conclusions: Further preclinical and clinical studies will improve the knowledge about cancer vaccines in genitourinary malignancies to optimize dosage, select targets with a driver role for tumor development and growth, and finally overcome resistance mechanisms. Combination strategies represent possibly more effective and long-lasting treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document