scholarly journals Lack of Antibacterial Activity of Capsicum Annuum and Simarouba Glauca Against Streptococcus Mutans and Streptococcus Sobrinus

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Hamzah Abdulrahman Salman ◽  
Senthilkumar R ◽  
Vasundhara M
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Simarouba Glauca

Capsicum annuum L. is an edible vegetable crop while Simarouba glauca L. is a medicinal plant. The study was taken up to evaluate the antibacterial activity of these extracted plant materials against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, the main dental caries agents. Three plant materials (fruit, seeds and leaves) of Capsicum annuum L. var. baydagi dabba and two plant materials (leaves and bark) of Simarouba glauca L. were collected in the month of November and February, respectively. The plant materials were cleaned, dried and prepared for extraction. The antibacterial susceptibility testing was performed using disc diffusion method. At maximum concentration of 100 mg/ml, it was observed that both the extracted plant materials did not possess antibacterial activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The study revealed the lack of antibacterial activity of C. annuum and S. glauca against S. mutans and S. sobrinus.

scholarly journals Determination of antibacterial activity and metabolite profile of Ruta graveolens against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzah Abdulrahman Salman ◽  
Sankarasetty Venkatesh ◽  
Ramasamy Senthilkumar ◽  
B. S. Gnanesh Kumar ◽  
Aamer Mousa Ali
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Pure Compounds

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Ruta graveolens is one of the most used phytomedicines. To date, there is no report of determining the bioactivity of R. graveolens against cariogenic causing bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activity and metabolite profile of R. graveolens against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: R. graveolens plant material was collected and processed in the month of February. The plant material was extracted by Soxhlet apparatus using methanol solvent. Two strains of S. mutans and two strains of S. sobrinus were isolated from dental caries-active participants and cultured on mitis salivarius-bacitracin agar. The antibacterial susceptibility testing of methanolic extract of R. graveolens was performed by disc diffusion method. The metabolite profile of the plant extract was determined using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The methanolic extract of R. graveolens showed a promising antibacterial activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Two compounds named γ-fagarine and kokusaginine were identified from the methanolic extract of R. graveolens. CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that R. graveolens contains significant antibacterial activity. However, further investigations are suggested to understand the anticaries properties of these pure compounds.

scholarly journals Anti-bacterial activity of Corchorus olitorius L. and Acmella caulirhiza Del. On Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacterium

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1685-91
Author(s):  
Hadijja Namwase ◽  
Florence Najjuka ◽  
Godfrey Bbosa
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Background: Dental caries remains a global oral health challenge with the prevalence reported as high as 66.7% in adults. Despite the use of modern medicines, the prevalence of dental caries remains high. This has led to extensive screening of natural products particularly from plants such as Corchorus olitorius L. and Acmella caulirhiza Del. for anti-cariogenic activity. Aim: To assess the anti-bacterial activity of Corchorus olitorius L. and Acmella caulirhiza Del. on Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic bacteria. Methods: Plant materials of C. olitorius L. and A. caulirhiza Del. were extracted using diethyl ether, methanol, distilled water by cold maceration. Agar well diffusion method was used for sensitivity and susceptibility tests on S. mutans (ATCC 6519). Results: The aqueous plant extract of C. olitorius L. and the ether plant extract of A. caulirhiza Del. had the highest zones of inhibition (16.10mm and 12.03mm respectively) at a concentration of 1000mg/ml. The lowest MIC and MBC were 62.5mg/ml and 250mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Both C. olitorius L. and A. caulirhiza Del. as used in oral health practices have been found to have antibacterial activity against the cariogenic S. mutans. Further studies should be conducted to isolate bioactive compounds against S. mutans. Keywords: Antibacterial activity;Minimum inhibitory concentration; Plant extracts; Corchorus olitorius L.; Acmella caulirhiza Del.; Streptococcus mutans; Dental caries.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Ethanolic Wild African Nutmeg (Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Stem Bark Extract Potentials and Selected Conventional Toothpaste against Hidden Resident Mouth Cavity Microfora

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-36
Author(s):  
Mouth cavity Microfora. ◽  
Teniola Temitayo Mary
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Percentage Frequency ◽  
Mouth Cavity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Streptococcus Ratti

The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of ethanolic stem extract of (Wild African nutmeg) Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) and some commercially available toothpaste against bacteria isolated from the hidden resident mouth cavity microfora. Bacteria were isolated from swabs of apparently healthy individuals and were identified using Staining procedure biochemical tests and the use of Bergey’s manual of bacteria identification  The assay for antibacterial activity of Pycnanthus angolensis stem bark extract and the four toothpastes were determined using agar well diffusion method. The Gram positive bacteria isolated were Streptococcus sangus, Streptococcus ratti, Stomatococcus mucilaginous., Peptostreptococcus  sp., and Streptococcus mutans and the Gram negative bacteria were Veillonella atypical, Veillonella parvula, Veillonella dispar and Acidiaminococcus sp. Oral B toothpaste showed maximum efficacy of inhibition with inhibition zone diameter as wide as 20 mm at 100 mg/ml. Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Close-up) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.13%, Veillonella parvula (10%), Veillonella dispar (12%), Peptostreptococcus  sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(9%), Streptococcus ratti (13%), Veillonella atypical (11%), Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (11%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Oral B toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora reveals Acidaminococcus sp.(11%,) Veillonella dispar (11%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp. (12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(15%), Streptococcus ratti (11%), Veillonella atypical (8%), Streptococcus sangus (10%),  and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution  of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (MyMy toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora depicts Acidaminococcus sp.(12%), Veillonella dispar (9%), Veillonella parvula (8%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(10%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(16%), Streptococcus ratti (9%), Veillonella atypical (15%),Streptococcus sangus (9%) and Streptococcus mutans (12%), Percentage frequency distribution of antibacterial activity of conventional toothpaste (Olive toothpaste) against hidden resident mouth cavity microfora shows Acidaminococcus sp.(9%), Veillonella dispar (10%), Veillonella parvula (10%), Peptostreptococcus sp.(12%), Stomatococcus mucilaginous.(13%), Streptococcus ratti (10%) ,Veillonella atypical (17%), Streptococcus sangus (7%),  and Streptococcus mutans (12%). Pycnanthus Angolensis stem bark extract inhibited the growth of the oral bacterial isolates with of zones of inhibition diameter ranging from 6 mm to 17 mm at a concentration of 100mg/ml. Secondary metabolite (Phytochemical) screening shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, steroid, phenol, terpenoid, pyrrolozidine alkaloid, glycoside and cardiac glycoside with glycoside and terpenoid most present. However, anthraquinones and volatile oil were absent. With menial antibacterial activity, P. angolensis can be use in the formulation of herbal toothpaste. It should be advocated that Pycnanthus angolensis should be added to our convention toothpaste to improve the functional ingredient of the toothpaste and Plant-based traditional knowledge has become a recognized tool in search for new sources of drugs. It is clear that the use of these herbal plants can offer a platform for further research.

scholarly journals Combined activity of Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscose leaves extract on some selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. I Isah ◽  
A.I. Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials

The study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity both individually and in combination of two Nigerian plants (Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscosa) against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Five bacterial species namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected for the assays. The powdered plant materials of the two plants were extracted using sohxlet extraction technique with methanol water and petroleum ether as solvents. The crude extracts of the two plants were subjected to phytochemical screening for qualitative detection of plant secondary metabolites. The extracts were further tested for antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens singly and then combined using agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of the two plants singly indicates that the methanolic extract possess the highest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 50mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 23.3±0.5mm compared to aqueous extract with 21.7±0.5mm inhibition zone at a concentration of 50mg/ml. The least activity was observed with the petroleum ether extract with an inhibition zone of 7.3±0.5mm at a concentration of 12.5mg/ml. Combination of the plants extracts exhibited lower antibacterial activity on the test isolates compared to single plants as evidenced by the production of lower inhibition zones. Key words: Azadirachta indica, Dodonea viscosa, pathogens, antimicrobial activity, synergistic effect

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Of Tangerine Powder (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) Against Caries-Causing Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157
Author(s):  
Framesti Frisma Sriarumtias ◽  
Aji Najihudin ◽  
Nopi Rantika ◽  
Rita Nengsih
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Caries Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Power

Dental caries is caused by Streptococcus mutans, which lives in the oral cavity and causes plaque on the teeth. Dental caries treatment involves restoration or filling of tooth tissue that has been perforated due to dental caries. The purpose of this study was analyze the effectivity of  tangerine juice powder in preventing the emergence of dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans. The experimental method was used in this study started by making a powder from tangerine jiuce using freeze drying method, followed by testing the antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also sought by measuring the diameter of the clear zone. The results showed that tangerine powder has antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10%. The highest activity of tangerine powder to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria was observed at   concentration of 25% with an inhibition zone diameter of 15.8 mm, and is classified as having moderate inhibitory power. According to the result of this study is that tangerine juice powder has a good antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and can be developed into a pharmaceutical ingredients to prevent dental caries.

scholarly journals Anti-Bacterial Effect of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Capsicum Annuum L

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
A G Raja Lakshmi ◽  
S Puviyarasu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Bacterial Effect

Medicinal plants are the  sources of medicine. To determine the anti-bacterial effect of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Capsicum on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different concentration extracts of Capsicum  annuum  (red bell pepper, green bell pepper and yellow bell pepper). The extract from Capsicum showed a higher antibacterial activity against  Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The extract had higher percentages of inhibition with increased concentration  of red and yellow bell pepper.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Three Lectins Purified from Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahanaz Khatun ◽  
MMH Khan ◽  
M Ashraduzzaman ◽  
Farzana Pervin ◽  
Luthfunnessa Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Gram Negative

Context: Plant materials contain glycoproteins (phytolectins) that are toxic in nature may play a key role in the control of various normal and pathological processes in living organisms and have diverse biochemical and diagnostic applications. Objectives: Screening of three lectins SLL-1, SLL-2 and SLL-3 purified from Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves for their antibacterial activities and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Materials and Methods: Three bioactive lectins were purified from Drumstick leaves by conventional chromatographic methods. The lectins were tested for their antibacterial activities against three pathogenic bacteria- Escherichia coli (gram-negative) Shigella dysenteriae (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) using the standard disc-diffusion method. Mortality of the brine shrimp naupli was assessed by hality bioassay. Results: All the lectins showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, Sh. dysenteriae and St. aureus. They also showed cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality bioassay. The LC50 values of SLL-1, SLL-2 and SLL-3 were found to be 15.8, 17.78 and 14.12 μg/ml respectively. The experimental results revealed that SLL-3 is more cytotoxic than other lectins. The lectin SLL-3 showed lowest activity whereas SLL-1 showed highest activity against the three bacteria. Conclusion: Results suggest that the extracts from M. oleifera leaf can be a source of natural antimicrobials with potential applications in pharmaceutical industry to control coliform bacteria.Key words:  Drumstick; Moringa oleifera; lectins; antibacterial activity; brine shrimp; bioassayDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7112J. bio-sci. 17: 89-94, 2009

scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Berberis goudotii Triana & Planch. ex Wedd. (Berberidaceae) with Anticariogenic and Antiperiodontal Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Sequeda-Castañeda ◽  
Camila Muñoz-Realpe ◽  
Crispín Celis-Zambrano ◽  
Sandra Gutiérrez-Prieto ◽  
Pilar Luengas-Caicedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Prevotella Intermedia ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Liquid Fractionation

Berberis goudotii is an endemic Colombian plant found in the paramo ecosystem. It has been used in food preparation and as a medicinal plant for diverse treatments. Additionally, it is used as a mouthwash to strengthen the gums and combat throat irritations and periodontitis. The present research evaluated Berberis goudotii aerial parts extract and fractions antimicrobial activities. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to attain total ethanol-water extract. Solid-liquid fractionation was used to obtain hexane fraction. The residue was dispersed in water and liquid-liquid fractionation was carried-out to acquire dichloromethane, butanol and water fractions. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed on total extract and phenol, polyphenol, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin, while tannin content was quantified. Antimicrobial activity assessment was performed by agar diffusion method using disks and wells employing Ceftazidime as a positive control against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Antimicrobial activity was determined as relative percentage inhibition (RPI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Phenols (92.5 ± 7.7 mg GA/10 g), polyphenols (87.7 ± 8.1 mg PG/10 g) and tannins (44.1 ± 4.3 mg PG/10 g) were among the highest secondary metabolites observed. Total extract presented an MBC of 1.0 µg/µL against cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus) and 0.12 µg/µL against bacteria associated with periodontal disease (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum). Butanol and hexane fractions showed antiperiodontal activity with MBC of 0.12 and 1.0 µg/µL, respectively. In conclusion, Berberis goudotii total extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against cariogenic and periodontal microorganisms, on the other hand, hexane and butanol fractions displayed antiperiodontal activity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of Carum copticum essential oil against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus isolated from canine dental plaque

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
SN Gharajalar ◽  
M. Hassanzade
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Carum Copticum ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Dental caries is amongst the most prevalent oral diseases in both humans and dogs. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus (mutans streptococci) are the major cariogenic bacteria isolated from dental caries. Since these bacteria generally show resistance to common antibiotics, natural products such as plant essential oils could be a good substitute. For this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Carum copticum essential oil against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Twenty canine dental plaque samples were collected and the presence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in the samples was confirmed using biochemical, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The resistance patterns of isolates were determined using a disc diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute protocol against the following antimicrobials: chloramphenicol, tetracycline, penicillin, erythromycin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, vancomycin and azithromycin. The antibacterial activities of Carum copticum essential oil were based on the disc diffusion method as well on a determination of the minimum inhibitory (MIC<sub>50</sub>) and minimum bactericidal concentration values. S. mutans and S. sobrinus were isolated in 8 (40%) and 2 (10%), respectively, of plaque samples. Most of these isolates were determined to display multidrug resistance patterns to the eight antibiotics evaluated. Screening of the antibacterial activity of the essential oil indicated that MIC<sub>50</sub> and minimum bactericidal concentration values were 20 µg/ml and 80 µg/ml, respectively, and that the zone of inhibition in the disc diffusion method ranged from 2 to 5 mm for serial concentrations of the essential oil. Based on our results, we suggest that Carum copticum essential oil exerts antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and may be a useful treatment for carious lesions with bacterial aetiologies.

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