scholarly journals Effect of Different Instrumentation and Irrigation Methods on Apical Microbial Extrusion: An Ex Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2173-2182
Author(s):  
Sachin Metkari ◽  
Dinesh Rao ◽  
Kulvindersingh Banga
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Background: Periapical extrusion of debris, irrigating solution and microorganism are the major contributing factors for flare-ups during root canal therapy. The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the effect of different types of instrumentation in combination with different irrigation methods on apical bacterial expulsion. Material and Methods: Three hundred and ten extracted human permanent teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis. After incubation at 37°C for 24 h, three hundred teeth were instrumented with three different instrumentations using two irrigation methods. The remaining ten teeth were used as negative and positive control groups, in which no inoculation was done and no instrumentation was carried out respectively. Three hundred teeth were equally divided in three groups (n = 100), in which instrumentation was performed using a protaper universal rotary file (group 1), WaveOne reciprocating file (group 2) and a flexiCON rotary file (group 3). In each group, 50 samples were irrigated with conventional needle irrigation, and 50 samples were irrigated with the endoVac irrigation method. During instrumentation, apically extruded bacteria were collected in an Eppendorf tube. Microbiological samples were taken from the Eppendorf tube and incubated for 24h, and colony-forming units were counted. The data collected were statistically analysed. Results: The group 2 showed highest bacterial extrusion using conventional irrigation while group 3 showed lowest using endovac irrigation system. Conclusion: FlexiCON rotary instrumentation with the endoVac irrigation system produced significantly less bacterial extrusion than the other techniques.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Power of Sodium Hypochlorite Combined with Surfactants and Acetic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Giardino ◽  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Zahed Mohammadi ◽  
Flavio Palazzi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Parametric Methods ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
One Way Anova

The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the antibacterial power of 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid, 5.25% NaOCl and two commercially available NaOCl modified with surfactants in bovine root dentin. A total of 120 dentin tubes prepared from intact bovine incisors were infected for 21 days with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly divided into six groups as follows: 5.25%NaOCl; Hypoclean; Chlor-Xtra; 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid; infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes (negative control). At experimental times of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, dentin chips were collected using sequential round burs with increasing diameters in separate test tubes containing 3 mL of freshly prepared BHI. Statistical analysis were performed using parametric methods (one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, α=0.01). After culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. All the NaOCl solutions showed small number of CFU over 28 days. ChlorXtra and Hypoclean had the smallest number of CFU at all times with greater antimicrobial efficacy than 5.25% NaOCl and 1% NaOCl solution with 1% acetic acid.

PRIMARY STABILITY IN VARIOUS-LEVELS IMPACTED IMPLANTS: AN EX-VIVO STUDY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÇAĞLAR BİLMENOĞLU BİLMENOĞLU ◽  
ANIL ÖZYURT ◽  
AHMET ALTUĞ ÇİLİNGİR ◽  
FATMA NESRİN TURAN
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Implant Stability Quotient ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to examine the primary stabilization of different vertically impacted bone implants. Implant stability was measured by resonance frequency analysis. Forty-five dental implants were used and divided into three groups. Group 1 was placed 4 mm (1/3 impacted), Group 2 was placed 8 mm (2/3 impacted), and Group 3 was placed 12 mm (fully impacted). Implant stability quotient values were measured on the longitudinal and transversal axis by two independent researchers. The fully-impacted group showed the significantly highest value among the groups (p < 0.05). There were statistically varying implant-stability quotient values between researchers. None of the 1/3 impacted implants’ value reached a 70 implant-stability quotient value.

Correlation of γ-radioactivity and Scanning Electron Microscopy in measurement of retention of 111Indium-labeled canine endothelial cells on synthetic vascular grafts

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
E.J. Prendiville ◽  
S. Laliberté Verdon ◽  
K. E. Gould ◽  
K. Ramberg ◽  
R. J. Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Vascular Prostheses ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Human Fibronectin ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Endothelial cell (EC) seeding is postulated as a mechanism of improving patency in small caliber vascular grafts. However the majority of seeded EC are lost within 24 hours of restoration of blood flow in previous canine studies . We postulate that the cells have insufficient time to fully develop their attachment to the graft surface prior to exposure to hemodynamic stress. We allowed EC to incubate on fibronectin-coated ePTFE grafts for four different time periods after seeding and measured EC retention after perfusion in a canine ex vivo shunt circuit.Autologous canine EC, were enzymatically harvested, grown to confluence, and labeled with 30 μCi 111 Indium-oxine/80 cm 2 flask. Four groups of 5 cm x 4 mm ID ePTFE vascular prostheses were coated with 1.5 μg/cm.2 human fibronectin, and seeded with 1.5 x 105 EC/ cm.2. After seeding grafts in Group 1 were incubated in complete growth medium for 90 minutes, Group 2 were incubated for 24 hours, Group 3 for 72 hours and Group 4 for 6 days. Grafts were then placed in the canine ex vivo circuit, constructed between femoral artery and vein, and subjected to blood flow of 75 ml per minute for 6 hours. Continuous counting of γ-activity was made possible by placing the seeded graft inside the γ-counter detection crystal for the duration of perfusion. EC retention data after 30 minutes, 2 hours and 6 hours of flow are shown in the table.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of EASYDO ACTIVATOR Irrigation Technique in Intracanal Smear Layer and Debris Removal from Mature Permanent Teeth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Hui Zhang ◽  
Zheng-Rong Gao ◽  
Dusenge Marie Aimee ◽  
Yao Feng ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smear Layer ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Apical Direction ◽  
Debris Removal ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract EASYDO ACTIVATOR (EA) is a continuously vibrational device for root canals irrigation, but its cleaning effectiveness has not been evaluated by any published reports. We were aiming to evaluate whether EA results in a greater intracanal smear layer and debris removal than conventional needle irrigation (NI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Twenty-seven single-rooted teeth were used. Canals were sized to R30 and irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Species were divided into three groups: Group 1: NI; Group 2: PUI; Group 3: EA. Canal walls were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. NI- and PUI-group canal cleanliness decreased from the coronal to apical direction (P < 0.05), except for EA group in the apical third. PUI removed more smear layer from the coronal and middle thirds than EA and NI (P < 0.05). PUI and EA were superior to NI regarding debris removal (P < 0.05). The smear layer and debris from the coronal and middle thirds were effectively removed with EA and PUI. More effective removal occurred from the apical third for EA compared with PUI (P < 0.05). Both methods removed smear layer and debris better than NI, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of EA.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness Differences Between Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract 100% and Carbamide Peroxide Gel 10% in Tooth Whitening (ex vivo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Any Setyawati ◽  
Syifa Nabila Farah Fauziah Nur
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Discoloration can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. One of the discoloration treatments is teeth whitening. Teeth whitening process usually uses chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide which can cause side effects, namely gingival irritation. Previous research has found that malic acid in strawberries can whiten teeth. Watermelons contain greater malic acid than strawberries. Objective: To analyze the  effectiveness of 100% watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) extract on teeth whitening. Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental study with a total of 15 anterior post-extraction teeth which were discolored using black tea, divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was immersed in 100% watermelon extract, group 2 was immersed in 10% carbamide peroxide as positive control and group 3 was immersed in sterile aquades as negative control, for 56 hours, measured using a shade guide and spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one way Anova. Results: The 100% watermelon extract was effective for teeth whitening. There was a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract compared to negative control (p < 0.05). However, there was also a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract, and 10% carbamide peroxide gel (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The watermelon extract has the ability as teeth whitening agent. However, further study is still needed to explore this result and determine the proper concentration for teeth whitening.

Increased Potency and Decreased Elimination of Lamifiban, a GPIIb-IIIa Antagonist, in Patients with Severe Renal Dysfunction

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (06) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Nordal ◽  
Karsten Midtvedt ◽  
Timothy Goggin ◽  
Frank Brosstad ◽  
Gustav Lehne
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Severe Renal Impairment ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Platelet Membrane Receptor ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

SummaryActivation of the platelet membrane receptor glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa is essential for thrombus formation. The novel nonpeptide GPIIb-IIIa antagonist, lamifiban, represents a promising approach for antiplatelet therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease. Since renal impairment frequently occurs in these patients, we designed a phase I study to assess the tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of lamifiban in patients with renal impairment. Four healthy volunteers (Group 1) with creatinine clearance (CLCR) >75 ml/min, eight patients (Group 2) with mild to moderately impaired renal function (CLCR 30-74 ml/min) and eight patients (Group 3) with severe renal impairment (CLCR 10-29 ml/min) were studied. They received stepwise increased doses of lamifiban intravenously (IV). There was a linear relationship between the systemic clearance of the drug and renal function (R2 = 0.86). The mean plasma concentration required for half-maximal inhibition of thrombin-receptor agonist peptide (TRAP) induced platelet aggregation (EC50) ex vivo was 21, 28 and 11 ng/ml in Groups 1, 2 and 3. The patients in Group 3 were sensitized to the anti-platelet effect allowing an 18-fold dosage reduction without compromising the pharmacodynamics. In conclusion, the decreased clearance of lamifiban may act in concert with increased potency of the drug in patients with severe renal impairment, and the drug dosage should be reduced accordingly.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF MOUTH RINSE FORMULATION BASED ON CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE 0.1% IN THE CONTROL OF DENTAL CALCULUS BUILDUP

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Ayu Maharani ◽  
Alia Ramadhani ◽  
Melissa Adiatman ◽  
Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani ◽  
Linda Kusdhany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: This study aimed at comparing the antiplaque, anticalculus, and antigingivitis potentials of a mouth rinse containing essential oil, alcohol,zinc, and fluoride with a mouth rinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) 0.1% over 1-, 2-, and 3-month periods.Methods: This study was a double-blind, parallel randomized clinical trial with a 3-day run-in phase. Respondents were asked to gargle twice dailywith 15 ml of mouth rinse for 30 seconds after brushing teeth. Respondents were 80 females with a mean age of 21 years, and a single dental examinerwas employed throughout the study to decrease the variance. Prophylaxis was performed for all respondents before the intervention. Three mouthrinses were tested: Group 1 with the mouth rinse containing CPC 0.1%, Group 2 as the negative control, and Group 3 as the positive control with amouth rinse containing alcohol. Evaluations were conducted by plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, and CariScreen examinations.Results: The clinical trial showed that the mouth rinse with alcohol and the mouth rinse containing CPC 0.1% were effective in inhibiting bacterialbuildup (antiplaque) and have anticalculus properties, but with no statistically significant antigingivitis effect.Conclusion: It was found that the mouth rinse containing alcohol has similar effectiveness with CPC 0.1% mouth rinse, but side effects, such as aburning sensation, were reported in the alcohol-containing mouth rinse.

Povidone Iodine Sterilization of Contaminated CAPD-Exchange Spikes

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Golper ◽  
David L. Sewell ◽  
Linda West ◽  
Marge Trinklein
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Group I ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Physiologic Saline ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Thirty routine CAPD exchange spikes (Travenol) were dipped in a Staphylococcus aureus suspension and then divided into three equal groups. Group I (G1) spikes were advanced from the bacterial suspension to a povidone-iodine solution for a five-minute soak; Group 2 (G2) spikes were advanced into a sterile, non-bacteriostatic, physiologic saline solution for a five-minute soak. Then G1 and G2 spikes were attached in the usual sterile fashion to dialysis bags pretreated with tryptic soy broth to enhance bacterial growth. Group 3 (G3) spikes were advanced immediately to pretreated dialysate bags. Cultures of the dialysis solution were obtained immediately after the spikes were connected to the dialysis bags, 48 hours later, and at weekly intervals for three weeks. All 10 of the G3 bags connected to spikes without soaking grew greater than 10 colony forming units/mi of S. aureus by 48 hours. All 10 of the saline soaked G2 bags also demonstrated growth at 48 hours. Only one of the 10 Gl povidone-iodine soaked spike bags grew detectable colonies of bacteria at 48 hours. We conclude that a five-minute povidone-iodine soaking of spikes contaminated with S. aureus usually will prevent bacterial growth but is not a perfect solution to the problems of spike contamination. The frequent occurrence of peritonitis remains the limiting factor to the widespread acceptance of CAPD. Oreopoulos et al proposed that 36.5% of episodes of peritonitis are secondary to contaminations at the connection site during the a CAPD bag exchange (1). Although the exact frequency is unknown, we agree that the likelihood is high that contamination at the time of the exchange is a common mode of bacterial access to the peritoneal cavity. When we established our CAPD programs we instructed our patients to change the tubing if the spike became contaminated. Patients only rarely notified us of this necessity, despite our suspicion that known contamination was occurring. Two of us asked the Bulletin's editors if one could manage spike contamination simply by soaking the spike in povidone-iodine (2). Vas recommended that the tubing be changed because simple soaking would not deal with contamination inside the lumen (3). We decided to study this issue further because we believed that patients would not comply with this recommendation.

Efficacy of Double Manual Cleaning Versus Automated Cleaning for Removal of Biofilm of Hinged Surgical Instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s518-s519
Author(s):  
Dayane Costa ◽  
Roel Castillo ◽  
Lillian Kelly Lopes ◽  
Anaclara Tipple ◽  
Honghua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of double manual cleaning (DMC) with enzymatic followed by alkaline detergent for removing biofilm on hinged surgical instruments compared to automated cleaning by the washer-disinfector. Methods: Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) was formed in vitro on hemostatic forceps (Fig. 1). Biofilm-covered forceps were rinsed in distilled water and subjected to one of the following cleaning regimes (n = 5 forceps each): Group 1 forceps were soaked in sterile water for 5 minutes. Group 2-DMC forceps were soaked in enzymatic detergent, brushed 5 times on each face, rinsed with filtrated water (0.2 µm), soaked in alkaline detergent, brushed 5 times each face, rinsed with filtrated water (0.2 µm), and dried with sterile cloth. For group 3-DMC plus hinge inner brushing (n = 5), the forceps were soaked in detergents and brushed as in group 2, including hinge inner brushing (2-mm lumen brush) (Fig. 1). In group 4 (automated cleaning in a washer/disinfector), forceps were prewashed, washed once, washed again, rinsed, thermally rinsed, and dried. After the treatments, forceps were evaluated for microbial load (counting of colony-forming units), residual protein (BCA protein assay kit), and biofilm (scanning electron microscopy). Results: There was no statistically significant differences between the microbial load and protein level contaminating the forceps subjected to DMC (group 2) and the positive control group. The DMC with hinge inner brushing group (group 3) and the automated cleaning group (group 4) demonstrated a significantly reduced microbial load: reduction averages of 2.8 log 10 (P = .038) and 7.6 log10 (P ≤ .001), respectively. The protein level remaining on the forceps also significantly decreased: 2.563 μg (P = .016) and 1,453 μg (P = .001), respectively, compared to the positive control group. There was no statistically significant difference between DMC with hinge inner brushing and automated cleaning (groups 3 and 4) for all of the tests performed. None of the cleaning methods completely removed biofilm and/or soil from the forceps hinge internal region (Fig. 1). Conclusions: Automated cleaning had the best efficacy for removing biofilm. However, DMC with hinge inner brushing was an acceptable alternative cleaning method for sterilizing service units with only manual cleaning available, as is the case in most low- and middle-income countries. Neither automated nor any manual cleaning regimes were able to completely remove biofilm and soil from the forceps hinged area, and the amount of protein left after automated and DMC plus hinge brushing was higher than the recommended. Cleaning is the most important step for the reprocessing of reusable medical devices; thus, efforts must be undertaken to improve cleaning in different social and economic realities and scenarios.Funding: This study was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES.Disclosures: None

Microvascular Transplantation of Tracheal Allografts in the Canine Model

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Genden ◽  
Patrick J. Gannon ◽  
Maria Deftereos ◽  
Shane Smith ◽  
Mark L. Urken
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Clinical Dilemma ◽  
Group 1

The inability to reconstruct extensive and often life-threatening tracheal defects is a clinical dilemma. The objective of this study was to achieve microvascular revascularization and transplantation of long-segment circumferential tracheal allografts in a canine model. Fifteen mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups. Twelve dogs underwent an excision of an 8-cm tracheal segment followed by transplantation and microvascular revascularization of an 8-cm cervical trachea allograft. Group 1 (n = 4) was treated with 10 mg/kg per day of cyclosporin A (CsA) and 7.5 mg/kg per day of mycophenolate mofetil (MM). Group 2 (n = 4) was treated with 5 mg/kg per day of CsA and 7.5 mg/kg per day of MM. Group 3 (n = 4) was treated with 2.5 mg/kg per day of CsA and 7.5 mg/kg per day of MM. Group 4 (n = 2) underwent an autograft tracheal transplant and received postoperative 2.5 mg/kg per day of CsA and 7.5 mg/kg per day of MM. Group 5 (n = 1) did not undergo surgery, but received postoperative 2.5 mg/kg per day of CsA and 7.5 mg/kg per day of MM. The animals were maintained for a duration of 30 days, during which time the graft was assessed by routine endoscopic examination and tracheal biopsies. Ex vivo, tracheal autografts were examined grossly for graft healing and microscopically for histologic architecture. The mean survival times were 13.25 days (group 1), 16 days (group 2), and 20 days (group 3). There was 1 early allograft failure secondary to microvascular thrombosis, and there were 4 delayed failures secondary to postoperative wound infections. Five dogs were euthanized before the end of the 30-day observation period because of failure to thrive or hypocalcemic tetany. None of the dogs in the study demonstrated endoscopic or histologic evidence of rejection before euthanasia. Postmortem examination of the surviving dogs demonstrated normal histologic architecture without evidence of rejection. For the first time, we have achieved allotransplantation of long tracheal segments based on the cranial thyroid artery and internal jugular vein. Minimal systemic immunosuppression appears to be associated with a higher survival rate and a lower complication rate.

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