scholarly journals The Effectiveness Differences Between Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract 100% and Carbamide Peroxide Gel 10% in Tooth Whitening (ex vivo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Any Setyawati ◽  
Syifa Nabila Farah Fauziah Nur
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Discoloration can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. One of the discoloration treatments is teeth whitening. Teeth whitening process usually uses chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide which can cause side effects, namely gingival irritation. Previous research has found that malic acid in strawberries can whiten teeth. Watermelons contain greater malic acid than strawberries. Objective: To analyze the  effectiveness of 100% watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) extract on teeth whitening. Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental study with a total of 15 anterior post-extraction teeth which were discolored using black tea, divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was immersed in 100% watermelon extract, group 2 was immersed in 10% carbamide peroxide as positive control and group 3 was immersed in sterile aquades as negative control, for 56 hours, measured using a shade guide and spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one way Anova. Results: The 100% watermelon extract was effective for teeth whitening. There was a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract compared to negative control (p < 0.05). However, there was also a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract, and 10% carbamide peroxide gel (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The watermelon extract has the ability as teeth whitening agent. However, further study is still needed to explore this result and determine the proper concentration for teeth whitening.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Over-the-Counter Products on Tooth Whitening

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Karadas ◽  
Zeynep Yesil Duymus
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cielab System

<p>This <italic>in vitro</italic> study evaluated the whitening effect of four different over-the-counter products compared with a 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel. Specimens obtained from bovine incisors were stained in a tea solution and randomly divided into six groups according to the product used (n=10): CT: conventional toothpaste (negative control); CWT: Crest 3D White toothpaste; CWR: Crest 3D White mouth rinse; CWS: Crest 3D White strips; DW: Dazzling White (paint-on gel); and OP: Opalescence PF 10% CP (at-home bleaching gel, positive control). Over-the-counter products and 10% CP were used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Color measurements were performed according to the CIELab system using spectrophotometer after staining, and after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment procedure. The ∆E, ∆L, ∆a, and ∆b values were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Tukey's test for multiple comparisons was applied (p<0.05). All groups, except CWT, were effective in tooth whitening in comparison with conventional toothpaste. There was no significant difference in tooth whitening between CWT and CT (p=0.93). CWS, DW and OP groups presented significantly higher color changes than the CWR group. DW and CWS showed similar tooth whitening to OP.</p>

scholarly journals LAXATIVE EFFECT OF GREEN GEDI LEAVES INFUSES (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) ON MALE WHITE MICE (Mus musculus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Vania Rarasati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Laxative Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract. Background: Gedi plant (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) of the Malvaceae family is a plant which leaf is used by peoples for the treatment of several illnesses such as constipation. Purpose: To investigate the laxative activity of green gedi leaves infuses (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) on male white mice.Method: This study is an experimental study. Mice were divided in 5 groups of 6 animals each, first group as negative control (CMC Na 0.5%) while group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with green gedi leaves infuses (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) at doses of 130, 260 and 520 mg/kgBW, per as respectively and group 5 as positive control (bisacodyl). The laxative activity was determined based on the frequency of defecation, weight of feces and consistency of feces.Results: It is found that 520 mg/kgBW dose has the highest mean of defecating frequency (7.17) and 260 mg/kgBW dose has the highest mean of feces weight (0.20). Statically however, there is no significant difference between the groups overall with p value of 0.132 and 0.246 for defecating frequency and feces weight respectively. There is no difference between the groups in term of feces consistency with both not defecating and hard feces.Conclusion: The research concludes that there is no significant laxative activity between each groups after administration of several dosages in 6 hours on mice thus the use of green gedi leaves as laxative in society can not be proven empirically in the laboratory.Keywords: gedi leaf, Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik, laxative effect, constipation

scholarly journals Effect of Trigonelline in a Model of Apoptosis in Rat Retina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevinç Arzu Postacı ◽  
Ülkü Çeliker ◽  
Nevin İlhan ◽  
Ferda Dağlı ◽  
Ali Dal
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of drop trigonelline and oral trigonelline (TG) treatment in a model of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal apoptosis in rat retina. To compare with brimonidine tartrate (BT) drops with known retinal neuroprotective activity.Methods: 42 Wistar Albino male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 7 each. No action was applied to Group 1. Group 2 (negative control) was given intravitreal Phosphate Bufferd Saline (PBS) on the first day of the experiment and did not receive any treatment. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were given intravitreal NMDA on the first day of the experiment. Group 3 (positive control) didn't receive post-injection treatment. For 21 days from the second day of the experiment, oral TG was given to group 4, TG drops were given group 5 and BT drops were given group 6. Histopathological and biochemical evaluations were performed in all groups.Results: Severe retinal degeneration was observed in group 3 compared to group 2 (p<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (p>0.05). TUNEL, Brn3a and caspase3 staining in group 5 and group 6 were similar to group 2 (p>0.05). Group 5 and group 6 compared to group 3 were observed significant decrease in iNOS levels(p<0.05). Decreasing MDA levels and increasing SOD levels were detected in group 4,5,6 compared to group 3 (p<0.05).Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that TG drops showed similar retinal neuroprotective efficacy to BT drops.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF VITAMIN E (α TOCOPHEROL) ADMINISTRATION ON APOPTOSIS OF GERMINAL CELLS EPITHELIUM TESTIS IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY WHITE STRAIN RATS AFTER EXPOSED BY CISPLATIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Nugroho ◽  
Wahjoe Djatisoesanto ◽  
Doddy M Soebadi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Objective: To determine the differences of germinal epithelial testicular cell apoptosis in white Sprague Dawley strain rat that received combination of cisplatin and vitamin E compared to Sprague Dawley strain rat that received cisplatin only. Material & Methods:  Twenty four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. Group 1 Negative Control (NC) was given an injection of 1 cc 0.9% normal saline intraperitoneally as a placebo, group 2 Positive Control (PC) was given 5 mg/kgBW cisplatin intraperitoneally, group 3 (P1) was given cisplatin injection 5 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally + vitamin E (α tocopherol) 50 mg/kgBW by gavage and group 4 (P2) was given cisplatin injection 5 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally + vitamin E (α tocopherol) 200 mg/kgBW by gavage. Vitamin E (α tocopherol) was given 3 weeks before up to 4 weeks after cisplatin injection. Observation of the germinal epithelial cells apoptosis was carried out by calculating germinal epithelial cells apoptosis in the cross-section preparations of the seminiferous tubule which gave a positive reaction to the apoptag staining, using a 400x magnification light microscope. Results: Apoptosis on positive control (PC) group was different significantly compared to the negative control (NC) group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the apoptosis of germinal epithelial testicular cells in the cisplatin + vitamin E 50 mg/kgBW compared to the PC group (p<0.05). The cisplatin + vitamin E 200 mg/kgBW group; had a lower number of apoptosis compared to the cisplatin + vitamin E 50 mg/kgBW (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin E provides a protective effect on decreasing the amount of apoptosis due to cisplatin exposure. The protective effect of vitamin E is dose-dependent.

scholarly journals Effects of different degrees of acidity and concentration of bleaching agents on human enamel mineral content and surface morphology over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pereira Andrade ◽  
Angela Mayumi Shimaoka ◽  
Marcio Vivan Cardoso ◽  
Rubens Côrte Real Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Repeated Applications

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH and concentration of bleaching agents on the mineral content and surface morphology of human dental enamel for 14 days. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: Eighty human central incisors were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=10): G1-7.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=9.0; G2–9.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=9.0; G3-7.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=7.0; G4-9.5% hydrogen peroxide/pH=7.0; G5-10% carbamide peroxide/pH=5.0; G6-16% carbamide peroxide/pH=5.0; G7-37% phosphoric acid 15s (positive control); G8-no treatment (negative control). The mineral analysis of the bleaching gel collected was assessed by ICP-AES and surface morphology was observed by SEM. <strong>Results</strong>: Friedman and Dunn’s statistical test demonstrated significant differences among the proposed treatments (p&lt;0.01). No significant difference was found among groups treated with hydrogen peroxide (G1, G2, G3, and G4) or among groups G5, G6 and G7 (p&gt;0.01). However, the latter groups showed significantly higher values as compared to groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 (p&lt;0.01). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Alteration in enamel mineral content may not be influenced by concentration when bleaching agents with the same pH are compared. The most apparent alterations in mineral content and surface morphology may be noted when more acidic products are used. The daily mineral content measurement may not be influenced by repeated applications of bleaching agents.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Dental bleaching; Mineral content; Enamel; Peroxide; Demineralization; pH.</p>

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

scholarly journals Resistance to Fracture of Dental Roots Obturated with Different Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berkan Celikten ◽  
Ceren Feriha Uzuntas ◽  
Kamran Gulsahi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Group 2

The aim of this study was to compare the vertical fracture resistance of roots obturated with different root canal filling materials and sealers. Crowns of 55 extracted mandibular premolar teeth were removed to provide root lengths of 13 mm. Five roots were saved as negative control group (canals unprepared and unfilled). Fifty root canals were instrumented and then five roots were saved as positive control group (canals prepared but unfilled). The remaining 45 roots were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=15root/group) and obturated with the following procedures: in group 1, glass ionomer-based sealer and cone (ActiV GP obturation system); in group 2, bioceramic sealer and cone (EndoSequence BC obturation system); and in group 3, roots were filled with bioceramic sealer and cone (Smartpaste bio obturation system). All specimens were tested in a universal testing machine for measuring fracture resistance. For each root, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. The statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc test. There were no significant differences between the three experimental groups. The fracture values of three experimental and negative control groups were significantly higher than the positive control group. Within the limitations of this study, all materials increased the fracture resistance of instrumented roots.

scholarly journals A Tumbling Magnetic Microrobot System for Biomedical Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Niedert ◽  
Chenghao Bi ◽  
Georges Adam ◽  
Elly Lambert ◽  
Luis Solorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Circular Path ◽  
Rotational Axis ◽  
Significant Difference

A microrobot system comprising an untethered tumbling magnetic microrobot, a two-degree-of-freedom rotating permanent magnet, and an ultrasound imaging system has been developed for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. The microrobot tumbles end-over-end in a net forward motion due to applied magnetic torque from the rotating magnet. By turning the rotational axis of the magnet, two-dimensional directional control is possible and the microrobot was steered along various trajectories, including a circular path and P-shaped path. The microrobot is capable of moving over the unstructured terrain within a murine colon in in vitro, in situ, and in vivo conditions, as well as a porcine colon in ex vivo conditions. High-frequency ultrasound imaging allows for real-time determination of the microrobot’s position while it is optically occluded by animal tissue. When coated with a fluorescein payload, the microrobot was shown to release the majority of the payload over a 1-h time period in phosphate-buffered saline. Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that the microrobot’s constituent materials, SU-8 and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), did not show a statistically significant difference in toxicity to murine fibroblasts from the negative control, even when the materials were doped with magnetic neodymium microparticles. The microrobot system’s capabilities make it promising for targeted drug delivery and other in vivo biomedical applications.

UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Triswanto Sentat ◽  
Susiyanto Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analgesic Dose ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

Potential Antiseptic of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves extract on Healing wound in Male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 3143-3149
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Purwanti Ningsih ◽  
Noorlaila Noorlaila ◽  
Ikhwan Rizki Muhammad ◽  
Windy Yuliana Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Background: The process of wound healing is influenced by various factors such as age, hormones, and wound care. Wound care is done to accelerate wound healing which can be done by various methods, one of them is traditional care. Traditional wound care can use medicinal plants. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant that has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antibacterial content. Thus this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiseptic solution of the Rodhomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract on wound healing in male Wistar rats. Method: this research is pure experimental research with post test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract 15%, 30%, and 60%. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethano solvent. The extraction results are divided into 3 concentrations (15%, 30% and 60%). The wound healing process was evaluated by measuring the length of the wound manually from 0 to 10 days in each group. Meanwhile, the number of fibroblast cells was calculated through hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and observed using an Olympus CX41 microscope with a 10x magnification and objective lens magnification in 3 fields. Result: There was a significant difference in the reduction in wound length (p =< 0,000) between the five experimental groups (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract solution 15%, 30% and 60%, negative control and positive control. Solution of rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract accelerated the increase in the number of fibroblasts compared to the negative control group (p = 0.003), but did not make a difference (p = 0.403) with the positive control group. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction solution had the same microscopic effect on the number of fibroblasts with a positive control group given 0.9% NaCl solution. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between all groups, but no difference in wound healing length.

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