scholarly journals Antibacterial Power of Sodium Hypochlorite Combined with Surfactants and Acetic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Giardino ◽  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Zahed Mohammadi ◽  
Flavio Palazzi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Parametric Methods ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
One Way Anova

The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the antibacterial power of 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid, 5.25% NaOCl and two commercially available NaOCl modified with surfactants in bovine root dentin. A total of 120 dentin tubes prepared from intact bovine incisors were infected for 21 days with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly divided into six groups as follows: 5.25%NaOCl; Hypoclean; Chlor-Xtra; 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid; infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes (negative control). At experimental times of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, dentin chips were collected using sequential round burs with increasing diameters in separate test tubes containing 3 mL of freshly prepared BHI. Statistical analysis were performed using parametric methods (one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, α=0.01). After culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. All the NaOCl solutions showed small number of CFU over 28 days. ChlorXtra and Hypoclean had the smallest number of CFU at all times with greater antimicrobial efficacy than 5.25% NaOCl and 1% NaOCl solution with 1% acetic acid.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on the Antibacterial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Giardino ◽  
Zahed Mohammadi ◽  
Riccardo Beltrami ◽  
Claudio Poggio ◽  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Root Dentin

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of 5.25% NaOCl, Hypoclean and Chlor-Xtra at 20 °C and 45 °C in bovine root dentin. One-hundred-and-seventy dentin tubes prepared from bovine maxillary incisors were infected for 21 days with Enterococcus faecalis. The specimens were divided into the following groups: 1. 5.25% NaOCl 20 °C; 2. Hypoclean 20 °C; 3. Chlor-Xtra 20 °C; 4. 5.25% % NaOCl 45 °C; 5. Hypoclean 45 °C; 6. Chlor-Xtra 45 °C; 7. positive control; 8. negative control. Dentin chips were collected with round burs into Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. After culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, median), Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA and Tukey test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. In all experimental groups, CFU was minimum after treatment (day 0) and the obtained results were significantly different from each other at any period (p<0.05). After treatment, the Hypoclean and Chlor-Xtra showed the lowest numbers of CFU at 20 °C and 45 °C, whereas 5.25% NaOCl showed the highest number of CFU at both temperatures. In each group, the number of CFUs increased significantly with time (p<0.05). The antibacterial activity of Hypoclean and Chlor-Xtra at 45 °C were significantly greater than other tested solutions.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Instrumentation and Irrigation Methods on Apical Microbial Extrusion: An Ex Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2173-2182
Author(s):  
Sachin Metkari ◽  
Dinesh Rao ◽  
Kulvindersingh Banga
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Background: Periapical extrusion of debris, irrigating solution and microorganism are the major contributing factors for flare-ups during root canal therapy. The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the effect of different types of instrumentation in combination with different irrigation methods on apical bacterial expulsion. Material and Methods: Three hundred and ten extracted human permanent teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis. After incubation at 37°C for 24 h, three hundred teeth were instrumented with three different instrumentations using two irrigation methods. The remaining ten teeth were used as negative and positive control groups, in which no inoculation was done and no instrumentation was carried out respectively. Three hundred teeth were equally divided in three groups (n = 100), in which instrumentation was performed using a protaper universal rotary file (group 1), WaveOne reciprocating file (group 2) and a flexiCON rotary file (group 3). In each group, 50 samples were irrigated with conventional needle irrigation, and 50 samples were irrigated with the endoVac irrigation method. During instrumentation, apically extruded bacteria were collected in an Eppendorf tube. Microbiological samples were taken from the Eppendorf tube and incubated for 24h, and colony-forming units were counted. The data collected were statistically analysed. Results: The group 2 showed highest bacterial extrusion using conventional irrigation while group 3 showed lowest using endovac irrigation system. Conclusion: FlexiCON rotary instrumentation with the endoVac irrigation system produced significantly less bacterial extrusion than the other techniques.

scholarly journals Ex-vivo Effect of Intracanal Medications Based on Ozone and Calcium Hydroxide in Root Canals Contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Vieira Farac ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pizzolitto ◽  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽  
Renata Dornelles Morgental ◽  
Regina Karla de Pontes Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Colony Forming Units

This ex vivo study evaluated the antibacterial effect of intracanal medications in root canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. Fifty single-rooted human teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and incubated at 37°C for 21 days. The specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the intracanal medication used: OZ-PG: ozonized propylene glycol; CH/CPMC: calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol; OZ-PG/CH ozonized PG/CH; PC: positive control group (no medication); and NC: negative control group (no contamination). The samples were collected after 7 days (post-medication) and 14 days (final). Bacterial growth was checked by counting the colony-forming units (CFU). OZ-PG and CH/CPMC reduced significantly the CFU counts compared with PC in the post-medication and final samples, with no statistically significant differences among them. On the other hand, OZ-PG/CH did not reduce significantly the number of bacteria compared with PC. In conclusion, among the evaluated medications OZ-PG and CH/CPMC were the most effective against E. faecalis.

scholarly journals The Photobiomodulation Effect of 940nm Laser Irradiation on Enterococcus faecalis in Human Root Dentin Slices of Varying Thicknesses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e48-e48
Author(s):  
Bryan Martin Sher ◽  
Riaan Mulder ◽  
Norbert Gutknecht
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Introduction: An increase in dentine thickness could result in an inadequate depth of laser energy penetration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 940 nm laser on Enterococcus faecalis through varying thicknesses of human root dentin slices. Methods: Thirty-five dentin slices of root dentin with thicknesses ranging between 500 and 3000 µm were produced. Six experimental groups (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 µm (n=5 each) were lased and the seventh, non-lased group served as the positive control with a dentine thickness of 2000 µm. The slices were inoculated with 2 µL of E. faecalis suspension of 1.5 × 108 E. faecalis cells/mL. All the lased slices were lased from the opposing side of the inoculation. A non-initiated 200 μm bare end fibre at the power of 1 W, in a continuous wave was used. Four doses of laser irradiation of 5 seconds with a side to side movement with the tip held at a 5º angle to the dentine slice were performed. The colony-forming units of E. faecalis were determined and the bacterial photobiomodulation effect analysed using one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni and Holm post hoc test at a significance level of P>0.05. Results: There were statistical differences between the dentin slices of 500, 1000, and 1500 μm treated with the laser compared to the positive control (P<0.01). However, there were no statistical differences between the lased 2000 and 2500 μm slices compared to the positive control. There was significantly more photobiomodulation of the E. faecalis for the dentine slices of 3000 μm than the positive control (P<0.01). Conclusion: Laser treatment through dentine slices of 2000 μm and thinner significantly reduced bacterial growth. The photobiomodulation effects started to occur in dentine slices thicker than 2500 μm compared to the positive control.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of different endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis: an ex vivo study.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Fabio Luis Miranda Pedro ◽  
Lenieser Fajardo Nunes ◽  
Thiago Machado Pereira ◽  
Kellin Pivatto ◽  
Cyntia Rodrigues de Araujo Estrela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Peristaltic Pump ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of different endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212).Methods: Seventy bovine mandibular incisors were prepared, inoculated with a bacterial strain for 60 days and divided into the following groups: positive control; negative control; 2.5% NaOCl; 17% EDTA; 0.2% chitosan; 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% chitosan; and 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA. The irrigation protocol was performed using an experimental peristaltic pump device, with the irrigating solutions circulating within the apparatus at a constant flow for 10 min. Paper-point samples were then collected from the root canals and immersed in 7 mL of brain heart infusion broth, followed by incubation at 37°C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was assessed by turbidity of the culture medium.Results: E. faecalis was present in all samples after the use of different irrigants.Conclusion: The different irrigants tested were not effective in completely eliminating dentin bacterial contamination with E. faecalis.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Bay Leaf and Celery Leaf Infusion Effect on Decreasing LDL Level in Dyslipidemic Wistar Rats Model

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Anjani Putri Retnaninggalih ◽  
Erfan Efendi ◽  
Hairrudin Hairrudin
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
One Way Anova

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the cause of 7,3 million death globally in 2008. The main pathophysiology process that leads to CHD is atherosclerosis which is caused by high LDL cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to explore bay leaf and celery leaf infusion effect on reducing LDL cholesterol level in dyslipidemic rat model. The type of this study was true experimental research using wistar rat (Rattus novergicus) as the sample. The rats were induced by high fat diet and PTU for two weeks then each of the group were given either bay leaf infusion, celery leaf infusion, simvastatin (positive control), or aquadest (negative control) for a week. The measurement of LDL level used Friedewald formulation. Data was analyzed using paired sample t test and one way ANOVA. As the result there was a significance reduction on LDL level after treatment with bay leaf (p=0,013) and celery leaf infusion (p=0,035) but there was no significance difference between groups (p=0,293). It was concluded that bay leaf and celery leaf infusion could reduce the LDL level in dyslipidemic wistar rat but there was no difference on the capability of the two different leafs on reducing LDL level. Keywords: dyslipidemia, LDL, bay leaf, celery leaf, wistar rats

scholarly journals The Effectiveness Differences Between Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Extract 100% and Carbamide Peroxide Gel 10% in Tooth Whitening (ex vivo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Any Setyawati ◽  
Syifa Nabila Farah Fauziah Nur
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Discoloration can be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. One of the discoloration treatments is teeth whitening. Teeth whitening process usually uses chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide which can cause side effects, namely gingival irritation. Previous research has found that malic acid in strawberries can whiten teeth. Watermelons contain greater malic acid than strawberries. Objective: To analyze the  effectiveness of 100% watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) extract on teeth whitening. Methods: The study was a laboratory experimental study with a total of 15 anterior post-extraction teeth which were discolored using black tea, divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was immersed in 100% watermelon extract, group 2 was immersed in 10% carbamide peroxide as positive control and group 3 was immersed in sterile aquades as negative control, for 56 hours, measured using a shade guide and spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one way Anova. Results: The 100% watermelon extract was effective for teeth whitening. There was a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract compared to negative control (p < 0.05). However, there was also a significant difference between 100% watermelon extract, and 10% carbamide peroxide gel (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The watermelon extract has the ability as teeth whitening agent. However, further study is still needed to explore this result and determine the proper concentration for teeth whitening.

BCG shortage: Reassessing the clinical viability of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) after reconstitution.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 534-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Brooks ◽  
Supriya Nagaraju ◽  
Justin T. Matulay ◽  
Xiang-Yang Han ◽  
Ashish M. Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Split Dosing ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Practice Methods

534 Background: To address the current worldwide shortage of BCG, the AUA and SUO recommend reducing the dose to 1/3rd vial and enabling 3 patients to be treated in one setting. The manufacturer states that BCG must be used immediately after reconstitution, despite literature in the bacteriological world suggesting that M. Bovis might be viable for longer than a few hours. Herein we sought to study the viability of BCG after re-constitution at time points relevant to clinical practice. Methods: TICE BCG from separate lots was reconstituted per the manufacturer’s guidance and stored at 4 °C without light exposure. At predetermined time points, BCG was inoculated on Selective Middlebrook 7H11 agar in triplicate and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2. M. smegmatis served as a positive control and un-inoculated media was incubated for 2 weeks as a negative control. CFUs were assessed between 3 and 4 weeks from plating. Acid-fast staining confirmed the presence of BCG. Data was analyzed as the mean of replicated experiments and compared to the reference (Time 0) using Student’s T-tests. Results: No significant difference in CFUs was observed for BCG between 0 and 8 hours after reconstitution (Table). Colony forming units significantly declined starting 24 hours after reconstitution, though the magnitude of this difference was less than 10 fold (which falls within the range of CFUs listed for the vial by manufacturer). Viability remained constant for both lots analyzed. Conclusions: Given the recurrent shortages of BCG, split dosing may become a clinical necessity. This often presents logistic quandaries since the manufacturer recommends each vial must be used within 2 hours. We have shown that the viability of TICE BCG is unaltered at least 8 hours after reconstitution and only begins to decline at 24 hours after reconstitution. This should allow pharmacists and physicians administering BCG more leeway in scheduling patients for split dose therapy. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals The antifungal effect of roselle calyx extract on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
SITA AULIA SARI ◽  
RUBEN DHARMAWAN ◽  
PARAMASARI DIRGAHAYU
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
One Way Anova

Sari SA, Dharmawan R, Dirgahayu P. 2012. The antifungal effect of roselle calyx extract on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro. Biofarmasi 10: 17-22. Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection on skin that one of them caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Dermatophytosis treatment by using chemical drugs has many shortcomings, such as a high cost and a drug resistance. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx content was flavonoid, which have an antifungal effect. Flavonoids on roselle calyx include anthocyanin, gossypeptin (hexahydroxyflavone) 3-glucoside, flavonol glucoside hibiscritin, flavonoid gossypeptin, delphinidine 3-monoglucoside, cyanidin 3-monoglucoside. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of roselle calyx on Trichophyton rubrum growth in vitro. The study was performed as an experimental laboratory. The object of study was T. rubrum. The sample of T. rubrum colonies in this study was taken by a random sampling. The study used T. rubrum colonies on seven Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates. Each plate had four holes. Each hole was filled by aquadest as a negative control, fluconazole 25 µg/mL as a positive control, and various roselle calyx extract concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). The plates were incubated in an incubator with a temperature of 25oC for 7 days and measured for the diameter of roselle calyx extract inhibition effect. The data were collected and analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Least Significance Difference (LSD) tests on SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The result of One-way ANOVA test showed that there was a difference of inhibition diameter mean among all of the various roselle calyx extract concentration groups (p<0.05). The diameter of roselle calyx extract inhibition effect increased for each concentration up to 50%. The inhibition diameter of positive control compared to 20% roselle calyx extract concentration had no a significant difference. The study was concluded that roselle calyx extract has an antifungal effect to T. rubrum growth in vitro.

scholarly journals Probiotic and synbiotic in broiler diet: performance and Enterobacteriaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2365-2372
Author(s):  
P.R.S.C. Leite ◽  
H.B. Oliveira ◽  
V.B.L. Souza ◽  
F.O. Rocha ◽  
T.H. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin ◽  
Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on the performance and Enterobacteriaceae count of broiler chickens. A total of 640 one-day-old male broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates with 20 birds each. The treatments were: ration with performance enhancer (zinc bacitracin; positive control); ration without performance enhancer and probiotic/synbiotic (negative control); ration with probiotics; and ration with synbiotics. At 35 days, five birds from each treatment were euthanized and intestinal contents were harvested for determining the Enterobacteriaceae count. The performance data and average colony-forming units (CFUs) transformed as log CFU/g were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. The effects of probiotics and synbiotics were observed in the initial phase, with supplemented birds exhibiting comparable weight gain to those supplemented with bacitracin. No effect of the treatment on broiler performance was observed after 42 days. The enterobacterial count was comparable among all experimental treatments. Supplementation with probiotics and synbiotics did not compromise the performance of broilers and did not alter the Enterobacteriaceae count.

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