scholarly journals Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle using Coconut for Encapsulation of Curcumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Karl Shaine Manalili Perez ◽  
Mario Abesamis
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
The World ◽  
Radical Scavenging Compounds

Today, cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Currently, there are no cancer treating-drugs available. Cancer cells generally respond to radical-scavenging compounds like polyphenols, and Curcumin is one of them. Also known as diferuloylmethane, Curcumin is a low molecular-weight active constituent from the perennial herb Curcuma longa (commonly known as turmeric) with an established anticancer property. However, this compound has very low bioavailability for efficient absorption. In the present study, Curcumin is encapsulated with gold nanoparticles to improve its bioavailability. Gold nanoparticle synthesized from coconut extract renders the element to be less toxic. The curcumin-gold nanoparticle solution was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope for its morphology and LC50 (Lethal Concentration needed to kill the 50% of the population) toxicity of the solution. The results confirmed the synthesis and encapsulation of Curcumin with gold nanoparticles.

scholarly journals A Study on the Medicinal Chemistry of Curcuma Longa

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Thaneshwar Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Liver Disorder ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Dark Orange ◽  
The World

Plants are the major source of drug in the modern as well as traditional system of medicine throughout the world. Curcuma longa belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, is a medicinally important perennial herb distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world from sea level to 1200 m. Therapeutically, C. longa has been used for curing various diseases such as asthma, anemia, chronic bronchitis, fever, dysentery, cough, diabetes, diarrhea, eye disease, hepatitis, hysteria, indigestion, itching, leprosy, liver disorder, menstrual disorder, peptic ulcer, small pox, chicken pox, tonsillitis, urinary infection etc. The objective of the study was phytochemical screening of C. longa for highlighting the traditional uses and pharmacological properties of its rhizomes. The rhizomes were collected from Pokhara Metropolitan -3, Nadipur, Nepal in November 2019. The collected rhizomes were washed thoroughly, cut into pieces, shaded dried completely, grinded into fine powder, extracted by Soxhlet extractor, evaporated the extract to get dark orange residue. Phytochemical screening was conducted by using standard methods. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic and ethanolic rhizome extract of C. longa showed that it contained alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, cardiaic, glycosides, phytosterol, anthocyanin, emodins, diterpenes, leuco anthocyanin, anthroquinone, chalcones, phenols, coumarin and phlobatannin in methanolic extract but not in ethanolic. Previous pharmacological studies on C. longa showed that it possessed antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, antidepresent, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiplatelet, antibacterial, antivenum, antimutagenic and anticarcenogenic activities. Further phytochemical analysis using solvents of different polarity is necessary to identify much more phytochemical constituents for highlighting pharmacological and traditional medicinal properties.

Curcumin-based antioxidant and glycohydrolase inhibitor compounds: Synthesis and in vitro appraisal of the dual activity against diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Esmaeili ◽  
Nazanin Ghobadi ◽  
Donya Nazari ◽  
Alireza Pourhossein ◽  
Hassan Rasouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Reducing Power Assay

Background: Curcumin, as the substantial constituent of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), plays a significant role in the prevention of various diseases, including diabetes. It possesses ideal structure features as enzyme inhibitor, including a flexible backbone, hydrophobic nature, and several available hydrogen bond (H-bond) donors and acceptors. Objective: The present study aimed at synthesizing several novel curcumin derivatives and further evaluation of these compounds for possible antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties along with inhibitory effect against two carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as these enzymes are therapeutic targets for attenuation of postprandial hyperglycemia. Methods: Therefore, curcumin-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and identified using an instrumental technique like NMR spectroscopy and then screened for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH• ) radical scavenging activity were done to appraisal the antioxidant potential of these compounds in vitro. Results: Compounds L6-L9 showed higher antioxidant activity while L4, L9, L12 and especially L8 exhibited the best selectivity index (lowest α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibition ratio). Conclusion: These antioxidant inhibitors may be potential anti-diabetic drugs, not only to reduce glycemic index but also to limit the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.

Interference of Gold Nanoparticles with In vitro Endotoxin Detection Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Vetten ◽  
Mary Gulumian
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate ◽  
Chromogenic Assay ◽  
Nanoparticle Suspensions ◽  
Endotoxin Contamination ◽  
Factor C

Background: Endotoxin-free engineered nanoparticle suspensions are imperative for their successful applications in the field of nanomedicine as well as in the investigations in their toxicity. Gold nanoparticles are known to interfere with various in vitro assays due to their optical properties and potential for surface reactivity. In vitro endotoxin testing assays are known to be susceptible to interference caused by the sample being tested. Objective: This study aimed to identify a preferred assay for the testing of endotoxin contamination in gold nanoparticle suspensions. Methods: The interference by gold nanoparticles on three assays namely, the commonly used limulus amebocyte lysate chromogenic assay, the limulus amebocyte lysate gel-clot method, and the less common recombinant Factor C (rFC) assay, was tested. Results: Possible interference could be observed with all three assays. The interference with the absorbance- based chromogenic assay could not be overcome by dilution; whilst the qualitative nature of the gel-clot assay excluded the possibility of distinguishing between a false positive result due to enhancement of the sensitivity of the assay, and genuine endotoxin contamination. However, interference with the rFC assay was easily overcome through dilution. Conclusion: The rFC assay is recommended as an option for endotoxin contamination detection in gold nanoparticle suspensions.

The Anticholinesterase Activity of Three Local Food Spices and Their Anti-Alzheimer Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqia Bibi ◽  
Saima Gul ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal Khan ◽  
Murad Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Inhibiting Activity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
The World

Background: The incidence of dementia is increasing as the aging population of the world is increasing. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. There are presently 7.3 million patents of AD and the number may rise to 34 million at this pace in the coming thirty years. In the disease, the level of Acetylcholine is reduced and as a result, causes the loss of cholinergic neurons in the brain. The disease is less common in Asian countries as compared to the western nations of the world. This work aimed to establish the role of the common medicinal and food plants against Alzheimer. Methods: The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the enzyme responsible for hydrolysis and reduction of Acetylcholine. The anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of different extracts of three local plants used as spices in the daily food, Curcuma longa, Cinnnamomum tamala, and Zingiber officinale, were determined using the Microplate Assay method. Results: The phytochemical study of the selected plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenes, flavones, saponins, and tannins in these plants. The chloroform extract of all the three plants presented promising AChE inhibiting activity having IC50 >200μg/ml. A probable reason will be the alkaloids and terpenes present in the chloroform extract. Conclusion: The chloroform extract of all three plants presented promising AChE inhibiting activity and can become a reasonable therapy for the cure/ prevention of Alzheimer disease. The frequent use of these spices may be a possible reason for the fever incidence of Alzheimer in Asian countries. Further in vivo studies are required to find its action and studies to find the exact compound responsible for the action.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated gold nanoparticle aggregation for colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiren Cao ◽  
Jinjun Wu ◽  
Bo Pang ◽  
Hongquan Zhang ◽  
X. Chris Le
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Nanoparticle Aggregation ◽  
Cleavage Activity ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation

The trans-cleavage activity of the target-activated CRISPR-Cas12a liberated an RNA crosslinker from a molecular transducer, which facilitated assembly of gold nanoparticles. Integration of the molecular transducer with isothermal amplification and...

scholarly journals Mortality beyond emergency threshold in a silent crisis– results from a population-based mortality survey in Ouaka prefecture, Central African Republic, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Robinson ◽  
Lawrence Lee ◽  
Leslie F. Roberts ◽  
Aurelie Poelhekke ◽  
Xavier Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Humanitarian Emergency ◽  
The World ◽  
Mortality Survey

Abstract Background The Central African Republic (CAR) suffers a protracted conflict and has the second lowest human development index in the world. Available mortality estimates vary and differ in methodology. We undertook a retrospective mortality study in the Ouaka prefecture to obtain reliable mortality data. Methods We conducted a population-based two-stage cluster survey from 9 March to 9 April, 2020 in Ouaka prefecture. We aimed to include 64 clusters of 12 households for a required sample size of 3636 persons. We assigned clusters to communes proportional to population size and then used systematic random sampling to identify cluster starting points from a dataset of buildings in each commune. In addition to the mortality survey questions, we included an open question on challenges faced by the household. Results We completed 50 clusters with 591 participating households including 4000 household members on the interview day. The median household size was 7 (interquartile range (IQR): 4—9). The median age was 12 (IQR: 5—27). The birth rate was 59.0/1000 population (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): 51.7—67.4). The crude and under-five mortality rates (CMR & U5MR) were 1.33 (95%-CI: 1.09—1.61) and 1.87 (95%-CI: 1.37–2.54) deaths/10,000 persons/day, respectively. The most common specified causes of death were malaria/fever (16.0%; 95%-CI: 11.0–22.7), violence (13.2%; 95%-CI: 6.3–25.5), diarrhoea/vomiting (10.6%; 95%-CI: 6.2–17.5), and respiratory infections (8.4%; 95%-CI: 4.6–14.8). The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 2525/100,000 live births (95%-CI: 825—5794). Challenges reported by households included health problems and access to healthcare, high number of deaths, lack of potable water, insufficient means of subsistence, food insecurity and violence. Conclusions The CMR, U5MR and MMR exceed previous estimates, and the CMR exceeds the humanitarian emergency threshold. Violence is a major threat to life, and to physical and mental wellbeing. Other causes of death speak to poor living conditions and poor access to healthcare and preventive measures, corroborated by the challenges reported by households. Many areas of CAR face similar challenges to Ouaka. If these results were generalisable across CAR, the country would suffer one of the highest mortality rates in the world, a reminder that the longstanding “silent crisis” continues.

Fluorescence biosensor for Salmonella typhimurium detection in food based on nano-self-assembly of alendronic acid modified upconversion and gold nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Leiqing Pan ◽  
K. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Alendronic Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensor ◽  
Fluorescence Biosensor

A simple and quick responsive fluorescent biosensor for Salmonella typhimurium detection based on the recognition of aptamer coupled with alendronic acid (ADA)@upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) has been...

scholarly journals TREASURE: Text Mining Algorithm Based On Affinity Analysis and Set Intersection to Find the Action of Tuberculosis Drugs against Other Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6834
Author(s):  
Pradeepa Sampath ◽  
Nithya Shree Sridhar ◽  
Vimal Shanmuganathan ◽  
Yangsun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Intersection Property ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Mining Algorithm ◽  
Set Intersection ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Researchers

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top causes of death in the world. Though TB is known as the world’s most infectious killer, it can be treated with a combination of TB drugs. Some of these drugs can be active against other infective agents, in addition to TB. We propose a framework called TREASURE (Text mining algoRithm basEd on Affinity analysis and Set intersection to find the action of tUberculosis dRugs against other pathogEns), which particularly focuses on the extraction of various drug–pathogen relationships in eight different TB drugs, namely pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin, ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampicin, linezolid, streptomycin and amikacin. More than 1500 research papers from PubMed are collected for each drug. The data collected for this purpose are first preprocessed, and various relation records are generated for each drug using affinity analysis. These records are then filtered based on the maximum co-occurrence value and set intersection property to obtain the required inferences. The inferences produced by this framework can help the medical researchers in finding cures for other bacterial diseases. Additionally, the analysis presented in this model can be utilized by the medical experts in their disease and drug experiments.

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