Seed Cotton Mass Flow Measurement in the Gin

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-541
Author(s):  
Robert G. Hardin IV
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Rotary Valve ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Air Density

Abstract. Seed cotton mass flow measurement is necessary for the development of improved gin process control systems that can increase gin efficiency and improve fiber quality. Previous studies led to the development of a seed cotton mass flow rate sensor based on the static pressure drop across the blowbox, which primarily results from acceleration of the seed cotton. The initial sensor did not perform satisfactorily in a gin, and modifications were made to account for air leakage through the rotary valve at the blowbox and the temperature drop occurring due to heat exchange between the seed cotton and air. Mass flow rate was predicted based on the static pressure differences across the blowbox and rotary valve, the air velocity and density at the blowbox inlet, the air density in the blowbox, and the ambient air density. The first- and second-stage seed cotton cleaning and drying systems of the commercial-scale gin at the Cotton Ginning Research Unit were instrumented to test the improved model. Air velocity, cultivar, dryer temperature, and seed cotton feed rate were varied to determine their effects on model accuracy. Mean absolute percentage errors in predicting mass flow rate were 3.89% and 2.85% for the first- and second-stage systems, respectively; however, dryer temperature had a significant effect on the regression coefficients. An additional regression parameter was added to the model to better estimate the average blowbox density, reducing the mean absolute percentage error to 2.5% for both systems and eliminating the effect of dryer temperature on the regression coefficients. Keywords: Cotton, Ginning, Mass flow, Pneumatic conveying, Pressure.

scholarly journals Estimate Mass Flow Rate of Dense Phased Powder Solids

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Usama Abrar ◽  
Liu Shi ◽  
Nasif Raza Jaffri ◽  
Yi Kang ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solid Flow ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The complex multiphase gas-solid flow has always been a point of attraction for researchers over the past decade to explore the sensing techniques to sense and measure the mass flow. Weather dilute or dense phase flow, the gas-solid flow measurement generally requires velocity profile and volumetric concentration measurement to find the mass flow rate. The nature of the solids, the environmental factors-specially moisture adversely affects the sensor readings-specifically when it is non-invasive capacitive sensors. Gas-solid flow finds its applications in power plants, food, chemical, automobile, and pharmaceutical industries. This paper aims to explore the evolution of a novel approach of using load cell in conjunction with capacitive electrodes for calculating the mass flow rate of the solids.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jenis Humidifier (Spray Humidifier dan Pad Humidifier)Terhadap Produktivitas Unit Desalinasi Berbasis Pompa Kalor Dengan Menggunakan Proses Humidifikasi dan Dehumidifikasi

MECHANICAL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indri Yaningsih ◽  
Tri Istanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Over The Top

This research examined the effect of the use of spray humidifier and pad humidifier on the productivity of a desalination unit based heat pump with using humidification and dehumidification process. In spray humidifier there were 5 pieces of sprinklers for spraying sea water. In pad humidifier, sea water was distributed evenly over the top by means of sea water flowing through perforated pipes that have been placed on pad humidifier. Tested the effect of sea water volumetric flow rate, air velocity and sea water temperature which was fed to spray humidifier and pad humidifier on the fresh water production resulted from desalination unit.The research result showed that the production of fresh water increased with the increase in the sea water volumetric flow rate, air velocity, and sea water temperature, this applies to the use of spray humidifier or pad humidifier in the desalination unit.On testing of the effect of the sea water volumetric flow rate, air velocity, and sea water temperature, the performance of spray humidifier and pad humidifier was equal in the production of fresh water, when the ratio of sea water mass flow rate to air mass flow rate of 1.34, 1.3 and 1.3, respectively.Keywords : dehumidification,desalination, humidification, pad humidifier, spray humidifier

scholarly journals Design of an Optimized Inlet Shroud for a Flanged Diffuser

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Suri
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Flow Through

Numerical simulation using commercial CFD package ANSYS Fluent ® is carried out for a horizontal axis wind turbine with a flanged diffuser. An optimized inlet shape that further accelerates the flow through the diffuser has been proposed and evaluated. The principle behind the increase in mass flow rate due to the shape of the inlet shroud has been discussed, with emphasis on the modelling techniques presented. The low static pressure aft of the flange at the exit periphery induces a greater mass flow through the diffuser, thereby resulting in a higher capacity factor of the enclosed wind turbine. A comparison between different inlet shroud configurations has also been presented.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature at Tray Position on Drying of D.ark Re.d Oni.on-slice.s at Elevated Air Velocity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-296
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Moisture Ratio ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time

The convective drying process is used to dry onion-slices. The drying experiments are conducted at a drying temperature of 50oC, 60oC, 70oC, and at an air velocity of 1.99, 3.54, 5.66, and 7.52 m/s. The objective is to study the influence of tray position on drying of dark red onion. The work diverges in analyzing drying constants at air velocity beyond 2 m/s. The moisture ratio for the middle tray is greater compared to the top and bottom tray. A smaller moisture ratio is observed for 60°C compared to 50 and 70°C. Moisture removal per unit mass flow rate ratio is lowest observed for bottom tray with 60°C. The ratio of moisture content and mass flow rate for 60 and 70 °C, displays a downward trend with drying time. The randomness in the drying rate at 60 °C and 70 °C is comparatively lesser than 50 °C.

Parametric Modelling of a Spiral Bevel Gear Using CFD

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Webb ◽  
Carol Eastwick ◽  
Herve´ Morvan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Bevel Gear ◽  
Spiral Bevel Gear ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Spiral Bevel

Initial results investigating windage power loss on a rotating shrouded spiral bevel gear using a parametric solid model and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are presented. The context behind this study is a desire to use CFD as a tool to investigate heat-to-oil within gas turbine bearing chambers and gearboxes in order to reduce costly rig-based experiments. This paper contains the methodology for creation of the parametric model of a spiral bevel gear in Pro/Engineer, formulation of a mesh in ICEM CFD and the subsequent CFD analysis in Fluent 6.2.26 and 12.0.16. A single tooth segment of a 91 teethed spiral bevel gear is produced with periodic boundaries imposed to reduce computational cost. Validation against experimental results for a single control gear is shown with particularly good correlation between static pressure rise across the face of the gear. Mesh verification is also presented. Using the model to change the module of the gear (effectively the number of teeth), investigations show that windage power loss reduces when the number of teeth increases. Analysis of the static pressure variation throughout the domain shows that all gears tested exhibit a linearly increasing relationship between non-dimensional mass-flow-rate and the pressure drop through the shroud restriction. The control gear was seen to have only a weak increase in static pressure gain across the gear tooth as the mass-flow-rate increases; however, a far larger increase exists for the module cases tested — at comparable mass-flow-rates to the control gear. As the number of teeth increase, the pressure gain across the gear reduces, and vice-versa. It is this difference between the gears that results in dissimilar windage power losses.

scholarly journals CFD-DEM Simulation of Reverse Circulation Pneumatic Cuttings Removal during Coal Seam Drilling

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Han ◽  
Peibo Li ◽  
Jialiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Reverse Circulation

To solve the problems that the borehole depth is shallow and the borehole formation rate is low during the gas drainage drilling in soft coal seam with current cuttings removal method, a new technology of reverse circulation pneumatic cuttings removal is put forward. The CFD-DEM coupling method is used to establish the simulation model of cuttings-air two-phase flow in drill pipe. The effects of the air velocity for cuttings removal and the mass flow rate of cuttings on the flow characteristics, cuttings removal effect and pressure drop of cuttings-gas two-phase flow are analysed. The results show that the drag force of drilling cuttings becomes larger with the increase of air velocity and the stratified flow characteristic is obvious. The drill cuttings migration ratio is positively correlated with the air velocity for cuttings removal and negatively correlated with the mass flow rate of cuttings. When the mass flow rate of cuttings is constant, the increase of air velocity for cuttings removal leads to the increase of pressure drop in the inner hole of drill pipe. When the air velocity of cuttings removal is constant, the mass flow rate of cuttings and the pressure drop in the inner hole of drill pipe increases. Therefore, the appropriate air velocity should be selected considering the energy consumption during cuttings removal.

Thermal Performances in Ribbed Rectangular Convergent and Divergent Channels

2013 ◽  
Vol 479-480 ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
M.S. Lee ◽  
S.S. Jeong ◽  
Soo Whan Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Pumping Power ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Divergent Channel

The rectangular convergent/divergent channels with one sided ribbed surface only have the inclination angles of 0.72oand1.43o at which the ribbed wall is manufactured with a fixed rib height ( e) =10 mm and the ratio of rib spacing (p) to height ( e) =10. The comparison shows that among the four channels (Dho/Dhi =0.67, 0.86, 1.16, and1.49) the divergent channel of Dho/Dhi =1.49 has the highest thermal performance at the identical mass flow rate, and the divergent channel of Dho/Dhii =1.16 has the highest at the identical pumping power and static pressure drop.

Numerical Investigation on Flow Characteristics of Low Pressure Exhaust Hood Under Off-Design Conditions for Steam Turbines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Shao ◽  
Qinghua Deng ◽  
Heshuang Shi ◽  
Zhenping Feng ◽  
Kai Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Exhaust Hood ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Back Flow ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage

In this paper, numerical investigations on the aerodynamic characteristics of the last three stages and the exhaust hood for a large power steam turbine were conducted under a series of mass flow conditions (100% ∼ 10% of the design condition) using the commercial CFD software ANSYS-CFX. The single passages of the last three stages and the whole exhaust hood are combined together as the computational domain. The main objective of this present work is to analyze the aerodynamic performance and the flow behavior of the exhaust hood. The variations of the static pressure recovery coefficient and the total pressure loss coefficient while the mass flow rate decreasing were analyzed. The static pressure distributions along the diffuser surface under different flow conditions were illustrated. The development of the vortex near the outlet of the diffuser was demonstrated through the velocity vector distribution at the meridional plane of the exhaust hood. The windage conditions were analyzed under 20% and 10% mass flow rate of the design condition. In addition, the back flow phenomenon was observed when the mass flow rate was below 50% of the design condition, and it starts from the hub region of the last stage rotor and grows up along the radial direction. The back flow also induces a sharp turning on the span-wise distribution of the angle θ (defined in Fig. 9) at the outlet of the last stage rotor. The three-dimensional streamlines inside the exhaust hood under different mass flow conditions were also compared.

Unsteady Aerodynamic Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor With Oscillating Downstream Static Pressure

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Eum ◽  
S. H. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
Specific Frequency ◽  
D Model

In many applications, centrifugal compressors experience various kinds of downstream pressure disturbances which can lead to unstable operation even at the design operating condition. In this paper, 3-D numerical simulations have been carried out to understand the dynamic behaviors of the centrifugal compressor for the pulsation of downstream pressure disturbances and 1-D model using the method of characteristics has been developed to predict the behaviors more effectively. Static pressure disturbances with a frequency range from 25Hz to 1300 Hz and constant amplitude have been introduced at the diffuser exit. Static pressure rise and mass flow rate deviated from the quasi-steady characteristic as the frequency increased. The fluctuation of mass flow rate at the diffuser exit was amplified or attenuated depending on the disturbance frequency. The fluctuation was severely amplified at a specific frequency which seemed to be an acoustic resonance of the present compressor model including an inlet duct, a blade passage and a diffuser. The result of 1-D model showed good agreements with that of 3-D numerical simulation.

The One-Dimensional Meanline Design of Radial Turbines for Small Scale Low Temperature Organic Rankine Cycles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. White ◽  
A. I. Sayma
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Turbine Design ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency

This paper presents a complete radial turbine design methodology intended for the design of a small scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbo expander. The design methodology is comprised of 1D meanline design, coupled with REFPROP for real fluid properties, and 3D geometrical construction of the turbine rotor, stator and volute. A novel method to predict the rotor passage velocity distribution also enables the rotor passage to be effectively designed to ensure a smooth expansion without requiring CFD analysis. The design method is used to construct two test turbines with target isentropic total-to-static efficiencies of 85%. The first expands air from 282.3kPa and 1073K with a total-to-static pressure ratio of 3 and mass flow rate of 0.1kg/s. The ORC turbine expands R245fa from 350K and 623kPa, with a pressure ratio of 2.5 and mass flow of 0.7kg/s. Comparison with design point CFD validates the turbine design program, predicting a mass flow rate of 0.104kg/s for the air turbine at the design point with a total-to-static isentropic efficiency of 84.73%. At the design mass flow rate and rotational speed, the ORC turbine achieves a total-to-static pressure ratio of 2.51 and a total-to-static isentropic efficiency of 84.87%.

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