Design and Performance Assessment of Dual-Speed Axial Threshing and Separation for Paddy Rice Combines

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022
Author(s):  
Quan Li Tian ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
Zhiming Wang ◽  
Zhengzhong Zhang ◽  
Yongsen Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Linear Speed ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Present Response ◽  
Dual Speed

HighlightsDual-speed axial threshing and separation was designed to improve performance.Loosely connected grains were removed firstly for reducing opportunity for breakage.Machine is complex but a lower effective cylinder speed can reach a good performance.Reasonable feed rate and concave clearance could maintain quality and throughput.ABSTRACT. This research was conducted to assess the performance of a combine, model number 4LZ-4.0 under different threshing functional parameters such as speed of high/low speed cylinder, cylinder-concave clearance and linear speed of concave sieve. An indoor experiment was conducted using the dual-speed axial threshing and separation. These functional parameters were set at five levels. The responses were obtained in terms of broken rate, impurity rate and loss rate. Multi-objective variable optimization was performed using Design-Expert 6.0.10 software. Analysis of variance was done to determine the significant effects of the factor variations on the response values. Design-Expert 6.0.10 software was used to present response surface graphs that were used to describe the variations of the responses as the factors changed from one level to the other. Results showed that with an increase in speed of high/low speed cylinder from 15.42/18.50-22.92/27.50m/s, the percentage of broken rate increased significantly from 0.15% to 1.13%, respectively. At cylinder speeds of 15.42/18.50m/s and 22.92/27.50 m/s rpm, the impurity rate increased from 0.31% to 1.62%, respectively. It was also realized that varying the speed of high/low speed cylinder had a significant effect on the broken rate and impurity rate. The impurity rate increased with an increase in Linear speed of concave sieve from 0.40 to 1.60 m/s, the percentage of impurity rate increased significantly from 0.31% to 1.62% respectively. However, the lowest impurity rate was obtained at an average linear speed of concave sieve of 0.99 m/s. Furthermore, it was realized that increasing the cylinder-concave clearance from 16 to 30 mm, equally increased the percentage of loss rate from 1.78% to 2.93%. From the results obtained, it was suggested that operating the threshing cylinder at a speed of high/low speed cylinder of 18.31/21.97 m/s, cylinder-concave clearance of 22.60 mm and linear velocity of rotary concave of 0.99 m/s, gave a better performance of the machine. Keywords: Axial threshing and separation, Cylinder-concave clearance, Dual-speed, Functional parameters, Linear speed of concave sieve, Speed of high/low speed cylinder.

scholarly journals Development and performance evaluation of a Pedal Operated Seed Cleaner (POS-Cleaner)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilber Akatuhurira ◽  
Peter Tumutegyereize ◽  
Isaac Oluk ◽  
Emmanuel Baidhe ◽  
Julia Kigozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
List Type ◽  
Centrifugal Fan ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cleaning Methods

Abstract Traditional grain cleaning methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and yet very inefficient. The use of available mechanical seed cleaners is widely limited since they are expensive to own, operate, and maintain. A Pedal Operated Seed Cleaner (PoS-Cleaner) was developed and its performance evaluated. Appropriate engineering principles and methodologies were used in the sizing and construction of the machine. The cleaner consists of a bicycle-like pedaling system, hopper, a centrifugal fan, and three cleaning sieves which include two inside interlocking sieves (one sieve fixed and the other adjustable); whose meshes can be adjusted to be larger than the size of the unclean seeds by longitudinally translating the second sieve to achieve the appropriate seed size. This allows trapping of impurities larger than the seeds. Cleaning rates of 576.5 kg/h, 375.8 kg/h, and 377.4 kg/h for maize, beans, and groundnuts were obtained respectively. Maize, beans, and groundnuts had their highest cleaning efficiencies of 95.09%, 87.61%, and 81.67% at inner sieve sizes of 13 mm, 16 mm and 10 mm respectively, pedaling speed of 60 rpm. The PoS-Cleaner presents a more viable cleaning option for smallholder farmers in rural and remote areas with no access to the national grid, therefore producing high-quality seeds. This will eventually facilitate agricultural value addition and increase individual family incomes in Uganda. Article highlights A pedal operated multi-seed cleaner was developed. Achieved 5 times higher seed cleaning rates compared to traditional cleaning technologies. Attained higher separation efficiencies of seed and externalities compared to traditional technologies.

Modeling and performance analysis of diesel engine considering the heating effect of blow-by on cylinder intake gas

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110692
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Shen ◽  
Yanjun Li ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Baozhi Sun ◽  
Yunpeng Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Heating Effect ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
And Performance

Recently, the stringent international regulations on ship energy efficiency and NOx emissions from ocean-going ships make energy conservation and emission reduction be the theme of the shipping industry. Due to its fuel economy and reliability, most large commercial vessels are propelled by a low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine, which consumes most of the fuel in the ship. In the present work, a zero-dimensional model is developed, which considers the blow-by, exhaust gas bypass, gas exchange, turbocharger, and heat transfer. Meanwhile, the model is improved by considering the heating effect of the blow-by gas on the intake gas. The proposed model is applied to a MAN B&W low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine and validated with the engine shop test data. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The accuracy of the model is greatly improved after considering the heating effect of blow-by gas. The model accuracy of most parameters has been improved from within 5% to within 2%, by considering the heating effect of blow-by gas. Finally, the influence of blow-by area change on engine performance is analyzed with considering and without considering the heating effect of blow-by.

Mechanical Properties of Al 6063 Processed with Equal Channel Angular Extrusion under Varying Process Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
T.M. Azeez ◽  
Lateef O. Mudashiru ◽  
T.B. Asafa ◽  
A.A. Adeleke ◽  
Peter Pelumi Ikubanni
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Angular Extrusion ◽  
Output Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Optimum Input

Mechanical properties of extruded aluminum are known to significantly depend on the process parameters such as temperature, numbers of extrusion pass and extrusion load among others. This implies that these properties can be influenced by tuning the process parameters. Herein, the effects of these parameters on the tensile strength and hardness of aluminum 6063 series were investigated by using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). Experiments were designed using Design Expert software. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then used to investigate the main and interactions effects of the process parameters. An empirical mathematical model was generated that shows the relationship between the input and output variables using response surface methodology. Temperature was found to be the most significant factor while extrusion load was the least factor that influenced the hardness and tensile strength which were the output factors. There was a significant increase in tensile strength and hardness after extrusion at different mix of factors. The optimum input variable was discovered at 1020.58 kN, 489.67°C and 3 numbers of extrusion passes.

scholarly journals Variable-Diameter Drum with Concentric Threshing Gap and Performance Comparison Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5386
Author(s):  
Yaoming Li ◽  
Zhan Su ◽  
Zhenwei Liang ◽  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Adjustment Method ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

The threshing gap of the thresher device for rice combine harvester has to be adjusted in real time based on different feed rates to ensure the operation efficiency in the harvesting process. However, adjusting the threshing gap by changing the position of concave grid may result in unevenness of threshing gap of the thresher device and further impact on the fluidity of material in the thresher device; in addition, it is also unavailable to adjust the threshing gap by changing the drum diameter when the rice combine harvester is in operation. In view of the above and based on axial flow threshing drum, the design of a variable-diameter threshing drum available for overall and rapid drum diameter adjustment and the research on diameter adjustment device as well as electronic control self-locking device were introduced in this study. Besides, stress analysis was implemented to the diameter adjustment device to ensure the stability of the variable-diameter threshing drum. Field experiment was implemented to identify the difference between the impacts brought to the threshing performance (grain-entrainment loss rate, damage rate, threshing efficiency, and threshing power consumption) by both methods for threshing gap adjustment. The experiment result shows that the drum adjustment method with variable-diameter drum features higher grain-entrainment loss rate, threshing efficiency, and threshing power consumption, yet stable in terms of consumption fluctuation, but a lower damage rate than their counterparts with concave adjustment method.

AC-Inductors Design for a Modular Multilevel TSBC Converter, and Performance of a Low-Speed High-Torque Motor Drive Using the Converter

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 4718-4729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Kawamura ◽  
Makoto Hagiwara ◽  
Hirofumi Akagi ◽  
Masahiko Tsukakoshi ◽  
Ritaka Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Drive ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
High Torque ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals An efficient software verification using multi-layered software verification tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.21) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
S V. Gayetri Devi ◽  
C Nalini ◽  
N Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Software Verification ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Concurrent Software ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Shared Objects ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
And Performance

Rapid advancements in Software Verification and Validation have been critical in the wide development of tools and techniques to identify potential Concurrent bugs and hence verify the software correctness. A concurrent program has multiple processes and shared objects. Each process is a sequential program and they use the shared objects for communication for completion of a task. The primary objective of this survey is retrospective review of different tools and methods used for the verification of real-time concurrent software. This paper describes the proposed tool ‘F-JAVA’ for multithreaded Java codebases in contrast with existing ‘FRAMA-C’ platform, which is dedicated to real-time concurrent C software analysis. The proposed system is comprised of three layers, namely Programming rules generation stage, Verification stage with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, and Performance measurement stage. It aims to address some of the challenges in the verification process such as larger programs, long execution times, and false alarms or bugs, and platform independent code verification  

The kinematics and performance of escape responses of the knifefish Xenomystus nigri

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kasapi ◽  
P. Domenici ◽  
R. W. Blake ◽  
D. Harper
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Morphological Specialization ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stage 1

The kinematics and performance of the escape responses of the knifefish Xenomystus nigri, a fish specialized for low-speed, undulatory median-fin propulsion, were recorded by means of high-speed cinematography. Two types of escape were observed, one involving the formation of a C-shape along the longitudinal axis of the fish (stage 1), followed by a slow recoil of the body (single bend); the other (double bend) involved stage 1 followed by a contralateral bend (stage 2). The pectoral fins were extended throughout escapes of both types. The average maximum acceleration for double bend escapes was 127.98 m∙s−2; acceleration was usually greatest in stage 1. In double bend escapes, turning angles for stages 1 and 2 were not correlated. Pitch and roll orientations change during escapes. In stage 1, the average roll and average pitch were linearly correlated, suggesting that roll was partly responsible for establishing pitch. Knifefish achieved high maximum acceleration relative to other fish. Therefore, performance was not compromised by morphological specialization for low-speed swimming; however, a negative correlation of pitch with acceleration in stage 1 suggested that escapes involve a trade-off between acceleration and confusing a predator by changing planar orientation.

Evaluation and ANN-Based Prediction on Functional Parameters of Surface Roughness in Precision Grinding of Cast Iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 1017 ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Jian Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Linear Speed ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Grinding Parameters ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Three-dimensional surface roughness parameters are widely applied to characterize frictional and lubricating properties, corrosion resistance, fatigue strength of surfaces. Among them, the functional parameters of surface roughness, such as Sbi, Sci, and Svi, are used to evaluate bearing and fluid retention properties of surfaces. In this study, the effects of grinding parameters, including wheel linear speed (Vs), workpiece linear speed (Vw), grinding depth (ap), longitudinal feed rate (fa), and dressing rate (F), on functional parameters were studied in grinding of cast iron. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for predicting the functional parameters of three-dimensional surface roughness. The inputs of the ANN models were grinding parameters (Vs, Vw, ap, fa, F), and the output parameters of the models were functional parameters of surface roughness (Sbi, Sci, Svi). With small errors (e.g MSE = 0.09%, 0.61%, and 0.0014%. ), the ANN-based models are considered sufficiently accurate to predict functional parameters of surface roughness in grinding of cast iron.

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