scholarly journals Review: Floral resources diversity of honeybees in important types of vegetation of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Admassu Addi ◽  
Tura Bareke
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Bee Plant ◽  
Syzygium Guineense

Abstract. Addi A, Bareke T. 2019. Review: Floral resources diversity of honeybees in important types of vegetation of Ethiopia. Asian J For 3: 64-68. The high biodiversity of Ethiopia is attributed to its wide ranges of altitude and great geo-morphological diversity. This has resulted in the existence of the region has diverse floral resources of which majority of them are honeybee flora. In this paper bee resources identification and reviewing bee forages were made to determine types of bee plants, floral diversity, flowering period and food source offered by the plants. Moreover, pollen analysis of honey from different regions of Ethiopia was analyzed for determination of major and minor honey source plants. Accordingly, over 1500 species of indigenous and exotic of plants belongs to 105 bee plant families were identified. The growth form analysis of bee forage comprising 41.6% herb, 28.7% shrubs, 21.7% trees, and 8% climbers. The majority of bee plant species flowered from September to November and April to May resulting in two major honey flow periods in the country. Melissopalynological analysis of the honey samples indicated that Schefflera abyssinica, Croton macrostachyus, Syzygium guineense, Vernonia amygdalina and Coffea arabica contributed for 80%, 64%, 86%, 77% and 75% of the total pollen count respectively from southwest and southeastern part of the country while Becium grandiflorum, Hypoestes forskaolii, Leucas abyssinica and Acacia spp. an accounting for 71%, 75.1%, 62%, and 70.5%, respectively from northern Ethiopia. On the other hand, Eucalyptus globulus and Guizotia scabra honey were from central Ethiopia, contributing to 94% of the pollen frequency. From this information, Ethiopia has rich bee forage diversity different vegetation types however, further collection and documentation of bee flora are required in unaddressed areas of the country. Thus in situ conservation, by ecological restoration, and raising and planting of seedlings of bee forages should be promoted for sustainable honey production.

scholarly journals Review: Floral resources diversity and vegetation types important for honeybees in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Admassu Addi ◽  
Tura Bareke
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bee Plant ◽  
Plant Families

Abstract. Addi A, Bareke T. 2019. Review: Floral resources diversity and vegetation types important for honeybees in Ethiopia. Asian J For 3: 64-68. The high biodiversity of Ethiopia is attributed to its wide range of altitude and great geo-morphological diversity. This has resulted in the existence of a high diversity of floral resources of which majority of them are visited by honeybees. This paper aimed to review existing studies on bee floral resources in Ethiopia to understand the types of bee plants, floral diversity, flowering period and food source offered by the plants. Over 1500 species of indigenous and exotic plants belonging to 105 bee plant families have been identified. The growth form of bee forage comprises 41.6% herb, 28.7% shrubs, 21.7% trees, and 8% climbers. The majority of bee plant species flower from September to November and April to May, resulting in two major honey flow periods in the country. From this information, Ethiopia has rich bee forage diversity across different vegetation types, however, further collection and documentation of bee flora are required in unaddressed areas of the country. Thus in situ conservation by ecological restoration, and raising and planting of seedlings of bee forages should be promoted for sustainable honey production.

Seasonal Variation in Bee-Plant Interactions in an Inselberg in the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelita França Marques ◽  
Mariana Scaramussa Deprá ◽  
Maria Cristina Gaglianone
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Bee Plant

Studies on bee-plant interactions are relevant to the understanding of temporal patterns in neotropical communities. In isolated habitats such as inselbergs little is yet known about the temporal dynamics in the availability of fl oral resources and interacting bee. In the present study, the objective is to verify the eff ect of seasonality on the bee-plant interaction in an Atlantic Forest inselberg in southeastern Brazil. The bees were sampled monthly in the dry (April/2008-September/2008) and wet seasons (October/2008-March/2009) using an entomological net. A total of 322 bees of 33 species were captured on fl owers of 34 species of plants during the year. Bees richness was similar between seasons (22 species in the wet season and 21 in the dry season), but abundance was higher in the wet season (60% of individuals) and higher diversity occurred in the dry season. Augochloropsis sp1 were the most abundant species and visited the largest number of plant species at each season. In the interaction network, plants with the highest degree were distinct between the seasons. The number of possible interactions was higher in the dry season compared to the wet season and connectance was similar; nestedness however varied between the seasons. The composition of plant and bees species was distinct between the seasons, as well as the interactions between them, mainly due to the alteration in the composition of the plant species and the change in the choice of the bees for the floral resources between the seasons.

scholarly journals The Status of Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Medicinal Plants and the Impacts of Resettlement in Delanta, Northwestern Wello, Northern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misganaw Meragiaw ◽  
Zemede Asfaw ◽  
Mekuria Argaw
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Plant Knowledge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Study Sites

The present study was conducted in Delanta (Ethiopia) to examine the use of medicinal plants and investigate the impacts of the 1984/85 resettlement program on the local people’s knowledge on herbal medicine and its uses. The research was conducted with 72 informants in six study sites through semistructured interviews, group discussion, and market survey. In this study, 133 species belonging to 116 genera and 57 families were documented. These plants were mentioned for uses in the treatment of about 76 human and livestock ailments. The family Asteraceae was represented by the highest number with 14 species. Herbs accounted for 52.6% of the total species and leaves (32.6%) were the most frequently used parts. The analysis showed that the resettlement program has both positive and negative impacts on nature rehabilitation and local knowledge along with many human induced threats. Most of the plant knowledge is held by traditional healers and permanent residents. The people’s preference for some medicinal plants gave indications of continuity of the ethnomedicinal information among the inhabitants. The findings inform that efforts need to be directed to in situ conservation in two of the plant community types which could protect a good proportion (about 50%) of the medicinal plant species.

scholarly journals Morphology and isozyme variation among madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
RESTYKANIA ◽  
Suratman ◽  
ARI PITOYO ◽  
SURANTO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Isozyme Variation ◽  
Esterase Isozyme ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Central Java

Abstract. Restykania, Suratman, Pitoyo A, Suranto. 2019. Morphology and isozyme variation among madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3024-3032. The genetic diversity among madeira vine accessions from southeastern part of Central Java has not been investigated in detail. Information on genetic diversity and relationship among accessions of this plant will provide important input into determining resourceful management strategies and guiding the improvement of plants through plant breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate variation of morphology and isozyme among madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java. A total of 13 madeira vine accessions were used for morphological observations and isozyme analysis. Morphological diversity was characterized based on measurements and observations of vegetative structures such as stems, leaves, and aerial tubers. Identification of biochemical markers was done using peroxidase and esterase isozyme systems. A relationship dendrogram among accessions was constructed based on the genetic similarity matrix by applying a cluster analysis. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters revealed that the majority of the tested traits showed variation, indicating that there was variability among the tested madeira vine accessions. Polymorphism was observed using isozyme of peroxidase (i.e. two banding patterns) and esterase (i.e. five banding patterns). Based on the dendrogram at a level of 63 % similarity, it showed distinct separation of 13 madeira vine accessions into two major clusters. Cluster I consisted of nine accessions and the closest relationship was shown between KLT 3 and KLT 1 accessions that had 94 % of similarity coefficient. The remaining four accessions were clustered separately as Cluster II with similarity coefficient of 73 %. Therefore, genetic characterization based on morphological and isozyme markers obtained in this study is valuable to understand genetic variability and relationship among madeira vine accessions in southeastern part of Central Java.

Flower development in species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) and its implications for floral morphological diversity in the genus

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Bertechine Gagliardi ◽  
Inês Cordeiro ◽  
Diego Demarco
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ontogenetic Study ◽  
Flower Evolution ◽  
Female Flowers

The Euphorbiaceae are notable for floral diversity and evolutionary complexity. Croton is the second largest genus in the family and exhibits particular diversity in its flowers. The aim of this study was to investigate the floral ontogeny and structure of three Croton species with distinct morphologies, with a focus on testing the hypothesis that the filaments of female flowers, which have received different interpretations in the literature and are currently described as reduced petals, are staminodes and part of a vestigial androecium. With the ontogenetic study we can understand the origin of the organs and associate these with flower evolution in the genus. Flowers in several stages of development were analysed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In the early stage of development, the sepals are the first structures to be formed, although they do not continue to grow in female Croton fuscescens Spreng. flowers. Petals are absent in female flowers, with filamentous, petaloid structures, interpreted here as staminodes, alternating with the sepals in Croton lundianus (Didr.) Müll. Arg. In Croton sphaerogynus Baill., the staminodes are located between the nectary lobes. The stamens exhibit centripetal development in the flower bud stage, and the carpels are post-genitally connate, with differences in style branching. Besides the ontogenetic interpretation for the filamentous structures, the genus shows transitional structures that we consider evolutionary reductions. Our results can explain how developmental alterations have influenced the suppression and modification of floral organs in the genus.

scholarly journals Bee flora resources and honey production calendar of Gera Forest in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tura Bareke ◽  
Admassu Addi
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Bee Plant ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Market Promotion ◽  
Rural Appraisal

Abstract. Bareke T, Addi A. 2019. Bee flora resources and honey production calendar of Gera Forest in Ethiopia. Asian J For 3: 69-74. Gera forest contains substantial coverage of natural forest and known as a Key Biodiversity Hotspot area for Coffea arabica conservation and one of the potential areas for beekeeping. The study was carried out to assess the bee flora and flowering calendar to harvest more honey following the flowering plant cycle. Semi-structured questionnaires, participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques, and field observation were used for data collection. Honey samples collection was also made to identify the botanical origin of honey through honey pollen analysis. Seventy-four bee plant species were identified, which belongs to 41 families. Among the identified plant families, Asteraceae (29.3%), Lamiaceae (14.6%), Acanthaceae (12.2%), and Fabaceae (9.8%) are the most frequent families, represented by the highest species composition in the area. Four major honey harvesting durations were identified (January, March, April, and early June for Vernonia, Coffee, Schefflera, and Croton honey respectively) using the flowering calendar in Gera Forest. The pollen analysis of honey revealed that four types of monofloral honeys were identified comprising Schefflera abyssinica, Vernonia amygdalina, C. arabica and Croton macrostachyus in Gera forest. This is due to their abundance and potentiality for honey production. Therefore, the beekeepers should follow the flowering calendar of the plant to exploit the potential of the forest for honey production. Furthermore, market promotion for monofloral honeys of the Gera forest should be made as an incentive for the beekeepers to sell honey with premium prices and branding and labeling of honey of the area

scholarly journals How Bees Respond Differently to Field Margins of Shrubby and Herbaceous Plants in Intensive Agricultural Crops of the Mediterranean Area

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Sanchez ◽  
Aline Carrasco ◽  
Michelangelo La Spina ◽  
María Pérez-Marcos ◽  
F. Ortiz-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Bee Communities

(1) Intensive agriculture has a high impact on pollinating insects, and conservation strategies targeting agricultural landscapes may greatly contribute to their maintenance. The aim of this work was to quantify the effect that the vegetation of crop margins, with either herbaceous or shrubby plants, had on the abundance and diversity of bees in comparison to non-restored margins. (2) The work was carried out in an area of intensive agriculture in southern Spain. Bees were monitored visually and using pan traps, and floral resources were quantified in crop margins for two years. (3) An increase in the abundance and diversity of wild bees in restored margins was registered, compared to non-restored margins. Significant differences in the structure of bee communities were found between shrubby and herbaceous margins. Apis mellifera and mining bees were found to be more polylectic than wild Apidae and Megachilidae. The abundance of A. mellifera and mining bees was correlated to the total floral resources, in particular, to those offered by the Boraginaceae and Brassicaceae; wild Apidae and Megachilidae were associated with the Lamiaceae. (4) This work emphasises the importance of floral diversity and shrubby plants for the maintenance of rich bee communities in Mediterranean agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Floral Species Richness Correlates with Changes in the Nutritional Quality of Larval Diets in a Stingless Bee

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Trinkl ◽  
Benjamin F. Kaluza ◽  
Helen Wallace ◽  
Tim A. Heard ◽  
Alexander Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Omega 6

Bees need food of appropriate nutritional quality to maintain their metabolic functions. They largely obtain all required nutrients from floral resources, i.e., pollen and nectar. However, the diversity, composition and nutritional quality of floral resources varies with the surrounding environment and can be strongly altered in human-impacted habitats. We investigated whether differences in plant species richness as found in the surrounding environment correlated with variation in the floral diversity and nutritional quality of larval provisions (i.e., mixtures of pollen, nectar and salivary secretions) composed by the mass-provisioning stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria (Apidae: Meliponini). We found that the floral diversity of larval provisions increased with increasing plant species richness. The sucrose and fat (total fatty acid) content and the proportion and concentration of the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid decreased, whereas the proportion of the omega-3 fatty acid linolenic acid increased with increasing plant species richness. Protein (total amino acid) content and amino acid composition did not change. The protein to fat (P:F) ratio, known to affect bee foraging, increased on average by more than 40% from plantations to forests and gardens, while the omega-6:3 ratio, known to negatively affect cognitive performance, decreased with increasing plant species richness. Our results suggest that plant species richness may support T. carbonaria colonies by providing not only a continuous resource supply (as shown in a previous study), but also floral resources of high nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Evolution of floral diversity: genomics, genes and gamma

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1713) ◽  
pp. 20150509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre S. Chanderbali ◽  
Brent A. Berger ◽  
Dianella G. Howarth ◽  
Douglas E. Soltis ◽  
Pamela S. Soltis
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Developmental Genetics ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Evo Devo ◽  
Genome Triplication

A salient feature of flowering plant diversification is the emergence of a novel suite of floral features coinciding with the origin of the most species-rich lineage, Pentapetalae. Advances in phylogenetics, developmental genetics and genomics, including new analyses presented here, are helping to reconstruct the specific evolutionary steps involved in the evolution of this clade. The enormous floral diversity among Pentapetalae appears to be built on a highly conserved ground plan of five-parted (pentamerous) flowers with whorled phyllotaxis. By contrast, lability in the number and arrangement of component parts of the flower characterize the early-diverging eudicot lineages subtending Pentapetalae. The diversification of Pentapetalae also coincides closely with ancient hexaploidy, referred to as the gamma whole-genome triplication, for which the phylogenetic timing, mechanistic details and molecular evolutionary consequences are as yet not fully resolved. Transcription factors regulating floral development often persist in duplicate or triplicate in gamma -derived genomes, and both individual genes and whole transcriptional programmes exhibit a shift from broadly overlapping to tightly defined expression domains in Pentapetalae flowers. Investigations of these changes associated with the origin of Pentapetalae can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of what is arguably one of the most important evolutionary diversification events within terrestrial plants. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.

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