scholarly journals Analysis of the India-Myanmar timber trade

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
ELODIE MARIA-SUBE ◽  
GRAHAM WOODGATE

Abstract. Maria-Sube E, Woodgate G. 2019. Analysis of the India-Myanmar Timber Trade. Asian J For 3: 1-9. Myanmar’s forest cover declined by 1.8% annually between 2000 and 2015: the result of on-going civil wars and institutional weaknesses. As Myanmar transitioned from military dictatorship, round log exports were banned in 2014. Until 2014, India was the most important importer of timber from Myanmar in terms of value, and the second most important in terms of volume, after China. This article assesses the value and volume of timber traded between Myanmar and India from 2010 until 2015. In addition to trade flows, the timber species and main actors involved in the timber trade are identified and the governance environment of trade is assessed. The paper goes on to investigate the impact of recent regulatory changes enacted by the Government of India and the prospects for the future of the India-Myanmar trade. The analysis showed that (i) from an economic perspective the timber trade between the two countries, once active, is currently stalled. (ii) From a governance perspective, illegality occurs to a limited extent at the international border but probably happens to a greater extent at timber auctions in Myanmar. Finally (iii), from a social and environmental point of view, as infrastructure expands it will be crucial to include forest management and timber trade governance in discussions regarding border relations between the two countries.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1282-1291
Author(s):  
Sanjay Dhamija ◽  
Ravinder Kumar Arora

The article examines the impact of regulatory changes in the tax on dividends on the payout policy of Indian companies. The tax law was recently amended to levy tax on dividends received by large shareholders. As the promoters group is the largest shareholder, this is expected to have a negative impact on the payout policy of companies. Furthermore, companies with larger promoter holdings have a higher motivation to reduce their payout. The study covers 370 companies present in the BSE 500 Index and compares the dividend payout of the companies before and after the introduction of tax levy. The study finds that the newly introduced tax indeed caused a shift in the dividend policy of companies, particularly those companies which have high levels of inside ownership. The findings have significant implications for companies, investors and the government.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
María José Piñeira Mantiñán ◽  
Francisco R. Durán Villa ◽  
Ramón López Rodríguez

The austerity policies imposed by the government in the wake of the 2007 crisis have deteriorated the welfare state and limited neighborhood recovery. Considering the inability and inefficiency on the part of administrations to carry out improvement actions in neighborhoods, it is the neighborhood action itself that has carried out a series of resilient social innovations to reverse the dynamics. In this article, we will analyze the Canido neighborhood in Ferrol, a city in north-western Spain. Canido is traditional neighborhood that was experiencing a high degree of physical and social deterioration, until a cultural initiative called “Meninas of Canido,” promoted by one of its artist neighbors, recovered its identity and revitalized it from a physical, social, and economic point of view. Currently, the Meninas of Canido has become one of the most important urban art events in Spain and has receives international recognition. The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact that this action has had in the neighborhood. For this, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with the local administration, neighborhood association, the precursors of this idea, merchants, and some residents in general, in order to perceive the reception and evolution of this action.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfi Huurin Iin ◽  
Septrian Jihan Aulia Fistabella ◽  
Adellia Nanda Savira ◽  
Kalvin Edo Wahyudi

It is known that the people's economy has experienced a significant decline due to the Covid -19 Pandemic which has spread in various regions in Indonesia. From an economic point of view, we found that there was a decrease in income felt by UMKM actors, one of which was in the Gedangan Sub-District, Sidoarjo District which was caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. So that we are interested in examining how the efforts made by the Government through the Ministry of Finance regarding Final Income Tax Incentives to deal with the decline in income faced by UMKM’s. This study aims to determine how the implementation of the Final PPh Tax Incentive policy for UMKM’s during the current Covid-19 pandemic and to find out how the impact felt by UMKM’s regarding the Final Income Tax incentives issued by the Indonesian Minister of Finance. The method we use in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using interviews and observations. The results of this study indicate that the tax incentive policy can not be felt by UMKM actors in Gedangan District, this is due to the lack of socialization provided, resulting in their lack of knowledge about this policy and what conditions they must have to get tax incentives issued by the Ministry of Finance.


Author(s):  
Sri Widayanti ◽  

This study aims to identify policies, levels of imports, production and consumption in East Java, to analyze the impact of rice import tariff policies on production and consumption and also the community welfare changes in East Java. The data that used in this study are secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), BULOG, and other research. The method of analysis uses the 2SLS simultaneous equation and the economic surplus simulation. The results showed that from 2004 to 2018, East Java always had a higher rice production rate than the consumption, but still continued to do rice import to maintain price stabilization. The simulation of a tariff increase causes an increase in production and a decrease in consumption, and vice versa. Liberalization of the rice trade (tariff exemption) has led to greater economic welfare, but from a distribution point of view, producers receive a smaller surplus than consumers, which means that the benefit distribution aspect of government policies is not realized, so the government must pay more attention to producer surpluses and consumer surpluses without much disadvantage one of the parties.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Pham Hoang

The purpose of this article is to describe the capacity and role of WHO in dealing with the spread of COVID-19 and to discuss in-depth articles at the stages of policy implementation that specifically discuss the WHO protocol that is applied in dealing with the spread of Covid-19. The implementation of the policy to handle the spread of COVID-19 considers various aspects not only health but also the economic and social impacts resulting from government decision making. In addition, response measures are implemented through the Acceleration of COVID-19 Handling task which is part of the formation of structures, structure is one of the aspects that are considered in Edward III's implementation theory besides communication, resources and disposition because the presence of a structure helps implement policies has a significant effect. on policy implementation. The support of all elements of the government, the private sector in compliance with government and WHO instructions, especially regarding social distancing and physical distancing, will have a big impact in preventing the spread of COVID-19.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanguang Chen ◽  
Qiaowan Wang ◽  
Chao Dou ◽  
Tian Liang

Private enterprises are major contributors to China’s market economy. In order to ensure the sustainability of economic development, China pays more attention to the role of science and technology in promoting the sustainability of the private economy. Based on a sample of all A-share listed companies in the Chinese capital market, we distinguished between government and non-government purchase order data, and examined the impact of large government background customers on private enterprise R&D innovation from the perspective of supply chain risk transmission. Due to the implementation of China’s new accounting standards and the delay in the public update of government procurement data, we selected samples from 2007‒2015. The research results show that the government background customers can significantly increase the R&D investment of private enterprises, and this relationship is more significant in the sample of mid-level government background customers and private enterprises in poor areas; further analysis found that government background purchase orders can promote innovation investment by mitigating the risks facing a company. From a practical point of view, the research findings of this paper are helpful for understanding the impact of customer structure on the innovation activities of enterprises in a market economy environment.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofosuhene Apenteng ◽  
Prince P Osei ◽  
Noor Azina Ismail ◽  
Aline Chiabai

UNSTRUCTURED In this paper, we present the impact of migration on the spread of HIV/AIDS. A simple model for HIV and AIDS that incorporates migration and addresses its contributions to the spread of HIV and AIDS cases was constructed. The model was calibrated to HIV and AIDS incidence data from Malaysia. The epidemiological parameters were estimated using MCMC methods. Among the migrant population, 1.5572e-01 were susceptible to HIV transmission, which constituted 67801 migrants. A proportion of migrants, 6.3773e-04 were estimated to be HIV infected, constituting 278 migrants. There were 72 (per 10000) migrants estimated to have had AIDS, representing a proportion of 1.6611e-08. The result suggest that the disease-free steady state was unstable because the basic reproduction number was 2.0906 and 1.4861 for the models without and with migration, respectively. Based on the findings, this is not a good indicator from the public health point of view, as the aim is to stabilize the epidemic at the disease-free equilibrium. The models analysed considerably well reflected the dynamical behaviour of the HIV epidemic field data in Malaysia. We recommend that a national programme should be implemented by the government in collaboration with the Malaysian Immigration Department to reduce HIV/AIDS transmission by more closely monitoring migrant activities. It is our view that the models would be useful to tackle other problems, other diseases.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Firdaus Basuni

Many efforts have been done by the government to improve the quality of education and one of them is accreditation program. This research is focused to identify the impact of accreditation on teachers’ performance and national examination score of Madrasah. The research used an ex post facto method to analyze past events and their time order to find out the influencing factors. The population of this study was 8.844 madrasah located in provinces of DKI Jakarta, Central Java, South Sulawesi, and South Sumatera. Using purposive sampling technique, 202 teachers from 73 madrasah representing those from the provinces mentioned were taken as the samples. Data analysis and interpretation suggest that: (1) From accreditation status point of view, there was no significant difference between teachers’ performances of accredited madrasah and those from non-accredited ones, (2) There was a significant difference between the teachers’ performance judging from the accreditation level point of view (on the scale of A, B, C, or D), between the teachers’ performance of madrasahs with A accreditation and B accreditation; and between the teachers’ performance of madrasah with A accreditation and C accreditation, (3) There was no significant differences between the teachers’ performance of madrasah with B accreditation and C accreditation, (4) there was a significant difference between the national examination score of accredited madrasah and the non-accreditation ones, and (5) There was no significant difference between national examination score of madrasahs with different accreditation scale of level (A, B, C, or D). Shortly, the accreditation has more influence on the teachers’ performances than on the national examination scores.


Africa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Adou Yao ◽  
Barnard Roussel

AbstractThe emergence of biodiversity standards in the nature conservation literature requires that we consider the interactions between conservation and local practices from a new angle. The coastal forest of Monogaga, a protected area inhabited by a local population, is an ideal terrain for comparing the impact of local agricultural practices and the activities of Sodefor, the government agency charged with the management of this conservation area. The discourses and uses of forest resources of these two actors allow us to compare the biodiversity of forest cover categories recognized by peasant farmers and Sodefor, using the standard statistical methods for measuring biodiversity (the Shannon and Weaver index, species richness, number of special status species).For Sodefor, it is the most dense forest ecosystems (the ‘black forests’ ) and the lands that they occupy that constitute the area's natural heritage. The agency believes that these forests must be protected from all human uses, especially farming, if the forest is to be transmitted to future generations. In contrast, Wanne farmers view the old forests (kporo) as long-term fallows (teteklwoa) or reserves of fertile land that will be cleared when there is a need for more farmland in the future. For them, patrimony is constituted by the intergenerational transmission of a bundle of resource access and farming rights within lineages.With regard to biodiversity, a comparison of the two types of resource management practices (Sodefor and farmer) gives nuanced results. The farmers' areas are more diverse than those of Sodefor when considering the Aké Assi threatened species list. For the Sassandrian species list, both management types maintained the same quantity of species. For endemics and the IUCN red list species, the spatial units controlled by Sodefor show more diversity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oprescu Georgiana

The approaches considered by the authorities, generally enforced, during the “Covid 19” pandemic regarding the state of national and international tourism have been characterised as excessive and controversial not only from an economical point of view but as well as from a cultural and functional one, and they must be analysed from a sociological perspective. The shortage of medical, organisational and human resources, the lack of mental preparation of medical workers but as well as that of the population in terms of preventing massive losses led to the rapid destruction of what we used to call tourism. From a sociological perspective the world-wide blockage was mainly caused by the superficiality of the prevention methods adopted and by their radicality that blocked the entire economy. By this article I try to approach from a from a sociological point of view the “pandemic” effects that that have influenced and are still influencing tourism. In extenso, the plethora of factors like public transportation, hospitals, workplace and so on have provoked the rapid spread of COVID-19 virus and the impact was ravaging for the hospitality industry due to the fact that the client in his role of tourist received only negative signal, signals of fear and uncertainty. The controversies regarding different fields of national and international tourism are various in number, but the present interest lies in COVID-19 virus and a consequence of this plague is the foreclosure as opposed to the fact that by imposing the right measurements and by protecting this field in a composed way without letting panic to reach the population it would have been possible to at least mentain a constant level of activity in tourism and as a consequence a steady national and international economy. Furthermore, I want to issue the assumption that if there would have been a propper crisis-management on a national level, even on international one, a partnership between the government and the private sector, meaningfull aid coming from government towards the people, employees, antreprenours, elders, lower-class families, private inverstors, not only that from an economical point of view tourism could be saved but also a “positive aura” could have been built in the psyche of the individuals and that would have helped them to have a diffrent type of confinment. For excample, a 10 days stay in a highly reviewed an alternative method - provocative, peacefull and safe- but to acomplish this the hoteliere should revise the concept on which a touritic package is built (by offering services as therapy, medical check-up and so on). The motto of the new concept could be the old saying “A healthy mind in a healthy body“ -”Mens sana in corpore sano” in this way the panic, fear and seclusion could be replaced with cultural work and the right to mental wellness with the help ground-braking touristic offers. From a sociological perspective, in order to have a healthy mind in a healthy body or in order to strengthen our immune system, we, the ones that form the contemporary society should exploit outdoor activities, relaxation time, travelling, living, all this leading to the reinforcement of tourism


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