scholarly journals Ethnobotany of banana plants (Musa x paradisiaca) of Palintang Hamlet, Cipanjalu Village, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2059-2072
Author(s):  
JOHAN ISKANDAR ◽  
JOKO KUSMORO ◽  
MIRA MUBAROKAH ◽  
RUHYAT PARTASASMITA
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
High Price ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
West Java ◽  
Good Taste

Iskandar J, Mubarokah M, Kusmoro J, Partasasmita R. 2018. Ethnobotany of banana plants (Musa x paradisiaca) of Palintang Hamlet, Cipanjalu Village, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2059-2072. Rural people of West Java have traditionally farmed many varieties (landraces) of bananas (Musa x paradisca L) in the agroecosystem of homegardens and gardens. Because of the increasing human population, rapid rate of agricultural land conversion to other land uses, intensive penetration of market economy to rural areas, and introduction and selection in favor of banana landraces having good taste for culinary and high market price, some landraces of bananas have become rare, even locally extinct in rural areas. The main purpose of this study was to elucidate local knowledge of Palintang people on landraces, population, local farming management, and utilization of bananas. The mixed methods, qualitative and quantitative were applied in this study, while some techniques of collecting primary data, mainly observation, participant observation, semi-structured interview, structured interview, semi-quantitative population of banana plant were carried out. The results of study showed that 18 landraces of bananas have been recorded in Palintang hamlet. Local knowledge or traditional ecological knowledge of Palintang people on bananas have been predominantly obtained from individual personal experiences and from the parents and ancestors, inherited from generation to generation via oral communication. Most banana landraces cultivated by Palintang farmers have superior culinary aspect, particularly good taste, and high price. As a result, some landraces of bananas considered not having good taste and having low price have rarely been planted in the gardens. Banana trees have traditionally been cultivated by farmers of Palintang based on traditional ecological knowledge and which has been culturally embedded. There are 7 main stages of banana cultivation, namely preparation of banana suckers, land preparation, planting, caring, harvesting, post-harvesting management, and utilization of bananas for home consumption and sale through village middlemen and market. The banana cultivation has dramatically changed due to both ecosystem and rural community’s socio-cultural changes.

scholarly journals The Concept of Muzāra‘ah and Its Implications on Socio-Economic of Society in Cianjur, West Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Ahmad Maulidizen ◽  
Mohammad Anton Athoillah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
West Java ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government

Indonesia is an agricultural country because most of the population has a livelihood in agriculture. In addition, agriculture is the second largest contributor to national economic growth and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Rural areas have vast agricultural land, but not all communities have land so most farmers work on land owned by other people and then get a share of the results by a variety of methods. The research objective is to analyze the implementation of muẓāraʻah contract based on Law No. 2 of 1960 and Islamic law and It’s implications for the socio-economic life of the society in Cianjur. Data collection was carried out using the method of observation, interview and documentation (library) and data analysis deductively, inductively and comparatively, then presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The population in this study was 120 people, and the study sample was 12 people (10%) who were selected by purposive sampling method. The results of the research are (1) the implementation of muẓāraʻah contract in Cianjur, West Java is not fully in accordance with Law No. 2 of 1960 and Islamic law, (2) The implications of muẓāraʻah on the economic life of farmers are the fulfillment of ḍarūriyyah needs, namely consumption and secondary education, while landowners can meet more complex needs., including fulfillment of ḍarūriyyah, can allocate part of the funds to go on pilgrimage, charity to other people in need. And (3) The Implications of muẓāraʻah contract on the social life of society is a concern between landowners and farmers that is realized by helping each other when in trouble. However, attention from the government is still needed to ensure good relations between the two parties that are cooperating.[Indonesia merupakan negara agraris karena sebagian besar penduduk mempunyai pencaharian di bidang pertanian. Selain itu, pertanian merupakan kontributor kedua terbesar terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional dan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Daerah pedesaan mempunyai lahan pertanian yang sangat luas, namun tidak semua masyarakat mempunyai lahan sehingga sebagian besar petani menggarap lahan milik orang lain kemudian mendapatkan bagi hasil dengan metode yang beragam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan konsep muẓāraʻah berdasarkan UU No. 2 Tahun 1960 dan hukum Islam dan implikasinya terhadap kehidupan social ekonomi masyarakat di Cianjur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi (perpustakaan) dan analisis data secara deduktif, induktif dan komparatif, kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini 120 orang, dan sampel penelitian sebanyak 12 orang (10%) yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian adalah (1) pelaksanaan perjanjian bagi hasil akad muẓāraʻah di Cianjur belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan UU No. 2 Tahun 1960 tentang perjanjian bagi hasil lahan pertanian dan hukum Islam dalam kerjasama pertanian. Hambatan dalam melaksanakan peraturan No 2 Tahun 1960 dan hukum Islam dalam kerjasama pertanian adalah tidak ada sosialisasi dari pihak manapun terkait UU No. 2 Tahun 1960 tentang perjanjian bagi hasil tanah pertanian dan hukum Islam dalam kerjasama pertanian. Adanya kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang telah berlangsung turun temurun. (2) Implikasi akad muẓāraʻah terhadap kehidupan ekonomi petani adalah pemenuhan kebutuhan ḍarūriyyah yaitu konsumsi dan pendidikan keturunanya, sedangkan pemilik lahan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan yang lebih kompleks, antaranya pemenuhan ḍarūriyyah, dapat mengalokasikan sebagian dana untuk pergi haji, bersedekah dan zakat kepada orang lain yang membutuhkan. Dan (3) Implikasi akad muẓāraʻah kehidupan sosial adalah adanya kepedulian antara pemilik lahan dan petani yang diwujudkan dengan saling membantu ketika dalam kesulitan. Namun demikian, perhatian dari pemerintah tetap diperlukan untuk menjamin hubungan baik antara kedua belah pihak yang bekerjasama.]

scholarly journals High Nature Value Farming Systems and Protected Areas: Conservation Opportunities or Land Abandonment? A Study Case in the Madrid Region (Spain)

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
María F. Schmitz ◽  
Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz ◽  
Patricio Sarmiento-Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Social Ecological

European rural landscapes contain high nature value farmlands that, in addition to being the main economic activity in many rural areas, host habitats and species of great conservation value. The maintenance of these farming systems largely depends on traditional ecological knowledge and the rural lifestyles of the local populations. However, they have not been sufficiently appreciated and protected, and as a result, they are currently threatened. In this study, which was performed in the Madrid region (central Spain), we analyse the social-ecological changes of the rural landscape after the establishment of a protected natural area network. The obtained results highlight a significant loss of these high nature value farming systems and a marked increase in the rewilding processes characterised by scrub–forest transition and the development of forest systems. These processes are linked to the disruption of the transmission of traditional ecological knowledge, which may imply negative consequences for both the high biocultural diversity that these systems host and the cultural identity and the socioeconomics of the rural populations that live there. A useful methodological tool is provided for social–ecological land planning and the design of effective management strategies for the conservation of rural cultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Changes of ecological wisdom of Sundanese People on conservation of wild animals: A case study in Upper Cisokan Watershed, West Java, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
SIDIK PERMANA ◽  
JOHAN ISKANDAR ◽  
PARIKESIT PARIKESIT ◽  
TEGUH HUSODO ◽  
ERRI N MEGANTARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
West Java ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ecological Wisdom

Abstract. Permana S, Iskandar J, Parikesit, Husodo T, Megantara EN, Partasasmita R. 2019. Changes of ecological wisdom of Sundanese People on conservation of wild animals: A case study in Upper Cisokan Watershed, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1284-1293. In the past Sundanese rural people had a very close relationship with the environment. They utilize natural resources based on traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and is strongly influenced by their perception of nature. This article elucidates the mythology of Sundanese rural people on wild animals and the changes of rural people perceptions and their behavior to wild animals in the rural ecosystem based on a case study in Bojong Salam and Sukaresmi villages, Rongga district, West Bandung, the upper Cisokan watershed, West Java. Method used in this study was qualitative, while some techniques, including observation, participant observation, and semi-structured interview were applied. The result of study showed that in the past Sundanese the rural people of Upper Cisokan watershed, West Bandung, West Java owned myths on some wild animals that is inherited from their ancestor through oral and using mother language. The influence of these myths on wild animals caused the rural people had prohibited to kill these animals and important role for traditional conservation. Nowadays, however, some myths on wild animals of rural people have not eroded or not recognized by young generations. Consequently, some taboos in hunting and catching animal based on myths on wild animals have tended not been applied to conserve wild animals traditionally. Therefore, to develop appropriate nature conservation, the biophysical, the socio-economic and cultural aspects must be holistically considered.

scholarly journals Ethnobotany of suweg, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Utilization and cultivation in West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASEP ZAINAL MUTAQIN ◽  
DENNY KURNIADIE ◽  
JOHAN ISKANDAR ◽  
MOHAMAD NURZAMAN ◽  
Ruhyat Partasasmita
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
West Java ◽  
Additional Food

Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnobotany of suweg, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Utilization and cultivation in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1635-1644. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, locally known as suweg, is a bulbous plant that has many benefits, but has not been cultivated as intensively as other species from the Araceae family. Suweg grows scattered in various rural areas in Indonesia, including West Java. Some suweg plants are cultivated by villagers, while the others grow wildly in forested areas. Suweg is commonly cultivated in several types of agroecosystems, such as home gardens (pekarangan) and gardens (kebun), using traditional ecological knowledge inherited from generation to generation. This study aims to investigate the utilization and cultivation of suweg by a community in Cisoka Village, Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District, West Java. This study used a qualitative method using ethnobotany approach, i.e. an emic analysis of the perception and local knowledge of community on suweg, and then validated using scientific or ethical knowledge. Field data collection was done by observation and semi-structured interviews with key informants chosen purposively considered having expertise and knowledge about suweg. The results showed that suweg has long been cultivated or growing naturally in Cisoka Village. The species has been culturally utilized by the rural community as additional food sources of carbohydrates, fish feed, and traditional ceremonies. However, the use of traditional ceremonies has been lost its importance. Suweg is generally used by the elderly, with certain groups, such as rural fish farmers and some younger age groups or children who like suweg. The rural people of Cisoka Village also mentioned that suweg was not cultivated as intensively as other. This is partly because it is considered not to have a high economic value as other agricultural commodities.

scholarly journals Local knowledge on rice variations (landraces) of the Naga Community, West Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
SIDIK PERMANA ◽  
JOHAN ISKANDAR ◽  
PARIKESIT PARIKESIT
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
West Java ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Rice Landraces

Abstract. Permana S, Iskandar J, Parikesit. 2018. Local knowledge on rice variations (landraces) of the Naga Community, West Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 1: 1-8. Ethnobotanical studies have indicated that diversity of local varieties of crop plants and associated local knowledge has seriously eroded in many developing countries across cultures, including West Java, Indonesia, due to many factors such as agricultural modernization, development of market economy, government policies and human population increase. This paper gives an account of the local knowledge or the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about the rice varieties (landraces) of the wet rice fields, management of wet rice farming and also factors influencing local knowledge of rice landraces of the wet rice fields of the Naga community, West Java, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative ethnobotanical methods. The result of study shows that the Naga community has still maintained a rich TEK on local rice landraces. About 15 landraces of wet rice have been recorded which are distinguished by Naga community based on traditional knowledge. They also manage various local rice landraces and wet rice farming activities including seed selection, preparing nursery and land, planting, crop and pest management, harvesting and storage of harvested rice based on the TEK embedded in their culture.

scholarly journals Ethnobotany of food plant used by Sundanese Ethnic in Kalaparea Village, Nyangkewok Hamlet, Sukabumi District, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Dara Cita
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
West Java ◽  
Plant Monitoring ◽  
Conservation Plans

Abstract. Cita KD. 2019.Ethnobotany of food plant used by Sundanese Ethnic in Kalaparea Village, Nyangkewok Hamlet, Sukabumi District, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 2: 16-22. Food insecurity is an essential threat in West Java Province. Ethnobotany in Food Plant of Sundanese Ethnic can be an alternative to a food crisis. In this study, we looked for insights on how Sundanese Ethnic inhabiting around the Gede Mountain, Nyangkewok Village, interact with their environments and how they use ecological knowledge on plants for their existence. This study used exploration and in-depth interviewed method with 30 respondents which conducted in March until June 2019 and analysed with Cultural Food Cultivated Significant Index. This study recorded 101 species useful plants, 48 families, dominated by Cucurbitaceae. The highest number of Cultural Food Cultivated Index is pare (Oryza sativa). Sundanese Ethnic living in the Nyangkewok Village has been undergoing extreme changes in both social and ecological scenarios. This study recommends conservation plans that include traditional ecological knowledge, plant monitoring, and participative action with Nyangkewok communities.

scholarly journals Etnobotanical Study on Banana in Karangwangi Village, Cianjur District, West Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatang Suharmana Erawan ◽  
Rahmi Aulia Hidayat ◽  
Johan Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Structure Interview ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
West Java ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Semi Structure Interview ◽  
Near Future

  Banana has been known as one of fruits that has an important function in the rural areas. Bananas have been traditionally planted by rural farmers in the homegarden, garden and mixed-garden in West Java. However, study on bananas in Karangwangi village,Cianjur has not been carried out. Aim of study was to explore varieties (landraces) of bananas, source of local knowledge on bananas, utilization of ba-nanas and diseases of bananas. Method used in this study was quali-tative with ethnobotanical approach and some techniques, including observation and semi-structure interview were applied in this study. The result of study showed that, it was recorded 13 variations of ba-nana; main source of local knowledge on bananas from the parent and friends; utilization of bananas, including consumption of ripe fruit, made of “sale” and some banana organs, including leaves, “jantung” (male flower), pseudostem, ”bonggol” (base of pseudostem) and roots of bananas were usually used by people. Main diseases of banana was known by local people as “Pireus” (virus). We recommended more intensive study on bananas must be carried on for near future.

scholarly journals Bedugul Portrait: An Ethnoecological Study of the Relationship Between Man and the Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Wawan Sujarwo
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Ecological Relationship

Bedugul is situated in the highlands of Bali, combining panoramic views of hills, forests, and lakes. Today, Bedugul has transformed from a remote area into a favorite tourist destination. Also, Bali has become one of the world’s leading tourist destinations, and this represents a suited model to study the influence of recent modernization, the tourist industry, population increase, and agricultural practices on traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). At the same time, few scientific references discuss Bedugul in term of TEK. Therefore, this study aims to present the latest portrait of Bedugul community in the millennial era and its relationship with the surrounding environments. A total of 20 Bedugul locals were interviewed. The selection of respondents was purposive, representing various Hindus and Moslem communities, with variations in age range (25-60 years old), gender, and occupation. The data were then analyzed through a qualitative descriptive approach with in-depth discussion. The results of the study showed that the Bedugul landscape has a strong cultural and ecological relationship with its communities, i.e., Hindus and Moslems. People activities in the natural areas of Bedugul, i.e., Batukahu Nature Reserve, are still in the normal stage. Most of Bedugul communities strongly depend on agricultural and tourism sectors. Land-use changes (human settlements, tourism facilities, and agricultural land) and the increasing population growth have resulted in the carrying capacity of Bedugul area becoming very vulnerable, and one of them is the emergence of pest species. The negative impacts of agricultural and tourism activities have been identified, some of which were using inorganic pesticides in high-doses, traffic congestion, and Lake Beratan water pollution due to restaurant waste and speed boat oil spills. This may result in the decline of local values within the Bedugul communities. This study concluded that erosion of traditional ecological knowledge, including ethnobotanical knowledge, is at risk of increasing.

scholarly journals SOCIAL MORPHOLOGY OF POVERTY IN TOURISM AREA: A THICK DESCRIPTION STUDY IN PARAKANSALAK VILLAGE OF SUKABUMI, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Achmad RIZAL ◽  
◽  
Izza M. APRILIANI ◽  
Rega PERMANA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
West Java ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
Spatial Production ◽  
The People ◽  
Clifford Geertz ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
The Impact

This research discusses ecological relations in rural areas with the people, thereby placing it within the village's poverty frame for a long time. By taking the case in Parakansalak Village, Sukabumi District, West Java, Indonesia, this research is expected to contribute to poverty studies related to natural resources and the environment. Noting the Indonesian people's great work is poverty alleviation, this research tries to provide a rationale for several villages still in the puddle. Thus, the research method used is the ethnographic method so that the strong character gets what Clifford Geertz calls thick descriptions. The results of this study reveal the facts why this is so by raising several basic things, namely: a) associated with citizens as farmers who have a level of dependence on the land that is their source of livelihood in agriculture, b) in terms of agricultural land production which is very dependent in climate, c) the level of production is not enough to provide benefits for the fulfillment of the needs of farmers because of the absence of agricultural land - because the land is only limited by a handful of citizens, and d) creating a social structure that is fully agreed with the land, thus creating poverty as a form of social morphology. The impact of spatial production as a form of social morphology illustrates poverty conditions in Parakansalak Village.

scholarly journals Field Trip and Its Effect on Traditional Ecological Knowledge Literacy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Primary School

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Sumarwati Sumarwati ◽  
Edy Suryanto ◽  
Slamet Slamet ◽  
Mila Anggar Wati
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ecological Knowledge

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is the best indigenous practice acquired through centuries of experience in contact with nature. The rural area in Tawangmangu District, located on the slopes of Mount Lawu, Indonesia, is rich in TEK, such as folklore, traditional ceremonies, performing arts, planting systems, and harvesting systems that are starting to be abandoned young. Teaching TEK by bringing students to learning resources allows literacy to occur in cognitive and affective aspects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of teaching through field trips on improving the literacy of local elementary school students in TEK literacy. The study was conducted through a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. Learning in the experimental class is carried out outside the home with field trips in small groups (4-6 students), while the control class is carried out using a distance learning system via WhatsApp and radio broadcasts at each student's home. The results show a significant effect of the field trip method on TEK literacy, both in cognitive and affective aspects. d Cohen's analysis shows the effect is quite significant. The level of mastery of TEK material in the field trip class is significantly higher than in the non-field trip class. In addition, students in the field trip class also showed higher pro-environment attitudes than students in the non-field trip class. It is recommended that environmental or local cultural education be held through field visits in small groups to reduce student boredom following distance learning during the pandemic in rural areas.

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