scholarly journals Screening insectary refugia plants that increase the performance of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) against diamondback moth larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prayogo Probo Asmoro ◽  
DADANG DADANG ◽  
PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO ◽  
I WAYAN WINASA
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Diadegma Semiclausum ◽  
Habitat Manipulation ◽  
Parasitization Rate ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora

Abstract. Asmoro PP, Dadang, Pudjianto, Winasa IW. 2021. Screening insectary refugia plants that increase the performance of Diadegma semiclausum Hellen (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) against diamondback moth larvae. Biodiversitas 22: 4254-4260. Habitat manipulation through the planting of insectary refugia plants is one way of controlling pests. These refugia plants serve as the source of nutrients that improve the fitness of parasitoid against insect pests. In the cabbage agroecosystem, the presence of refugia plants is expected to benefit the parasitoid D. semiclausum. This study aimed to select insectary refugia plants beneficial for the D. semiclausum in term of attracting and increasing their longevity, and parasitization ability against P. xylostella larvae. Ten species of refugia plants were used in this study, i.e., Ageratum conyzoides, Galinsoga parviflora, Sphagneticola trilobata, Synedrella nodiflora, Portulaca oleracea, Rorippa indica, Brassica rapa, Apium graveolens, Ocimum basilicum, and Arachis pintoi. The methods used in this study included testing the response of the imago olfactory to refugia plants and its effect on the longevity and parasitization level. The results showed that of the ten species of investigated, R. indica and A. graveolens were the most attractive for the presence of parasitoids. The two refugia plants could also increase the longevity and parasitization rate compared to the water treatment. R. indica and A. graveolens are recommended as refuge plants in the cabbage agroecosystems to control P. xylostella.

Host Range of Stem and Bulb Rot Parasite Nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci)

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Alfianida Musyarofah ◽  
Siwi Indarti
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Bulb Rot ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora

The aim of this research was to determine the host status of various species of plants and wild plants against Ditylenchus dipsaci. The research was carried out by conducting a survey and collecting sample at Central Java garlic centers situated in Magelang, Temanggung, Brebes, and Tegal. The host range of this nematode was diagnosed using a root painting method called the Byrd method. Nematodes in the root tissue were observed and calculated using compound microscope at 100x magnification and their images were captured using an optilab. The results showed that Allium sativum, A. cepa, A. porrum, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, B. oleracea var. italica, B. chinensis var. parachinensis, Lactuca sativa, Zea mays, Capsicum frutescens, Apium graveolens, Cucumis sativus, Solanum tuberosum, Daucus carota are positively the hosts of D. dipsaci. Whereas B.oleracea var. capitata, Ipomea batatas, Colocasia esculenta are not the host of D. dipsaci. D. dipsaci also attacked to weed of Ageratum conyzoides. Grangea maderaspatana, Eleusine indica,Synedrella nodiflora are not the host of D. dipsaci. Lumbu Putih, Sangga Sembalun, and Lumbu Kuning varieties are good hosts for D. dipsaci. Tawangmangu Baru is a variety that is not suited for D.dipsaci.

Pengaruh Campuran Herbisida Atrazin 500 g/l dan Mesotrion 50 g/l Terhadap Pertumbuhan Beberapa Jenis Gulma Serta Hasil Jagung (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Uum Umiyati ◽  
Dedi Widayat ◽  
Denny Kurniadie ◽  
Reza Yudha Fadillah ◽  
Deden Deden
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora

Gulma sebagai kompetitor bagi tanaman jagung dalam memanfaatkan unsur hara, air, cahaya dan ruang tumbuh.  Pengendalian gulma menggunakan herbisida sangat diminati oleh petani karena lebih efektif dan efisien dalam mengendalikan gulma. Herbisida yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan gulma dipertanaman jagung adalah herbisida campuran Atrazin 500 g/l + Mesotrion 50 g/l. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh herbisida campuran Atrazin 500 g/l + Mesotrion 50 g/l terhadap pertumbuhan gulma pada tanaman jagung. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan September 2018 sampai Januari 2019 di kebun percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Rancangan yang digunakan pada percobaan ini Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 (enam) perlakuan dan 4 (empat) ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah A). Herbisida campuran Atrazin 500 g/l dan Mesotrion 50 g/l dosis 1,50 l/ha, B). Dosis 2,0 l/ha, C). Dosis 2,50 l/ha, D). Dosis 3,0 l/ha, E). Penyiangan manual, F). Kontrol. Perbedaan antar perlakuan diuji dengan menggunakan uji F, sedangkan untuk menguji nilai rata-rata perlakuan digunakan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan taraf nyata 5%. Herbisida campuran Atrazin 500 g/l + Mesotrion 50 g/l dengan dosis 1,5 l/ha - 3,0 l/ha  mampu menekan pertumbuhan gulma  Ageratum conyzoides; Richardia brasiliensis; Synedrella nodiflora dan gulma lainnya.serta tidak menimbulkan keracunan terhadap tanaman jagung. Pada Dosis 3,0 l/ha hasil tanaman jagung tertinggi sebesar 152,52 gram /petak. Kata Kunci : herbisida, jagung, gulma

scholarly journals GLANDULAR TRICHOME IN THE ASTERACEAE FAMILY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Wina Dyah Puspita Sari ◽  
Cicik Suriani ◽  
Dina Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Diverse Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Trichome ◽  
Asteraceae Family

The Asteraceae is a diverse plant species and widely distributed, especially in the tropics and subtropics, consisting of 1,600 - 1,700 genera which include 24,000 - 30,000  species. Asteraceae has characteristics of cup flowers and brackets that are not owned by other plants. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological structure of plants and escpecially the leaf glandular trichome in several species of Asteraceae. The research method used was a descriptive method, to describe and interpret the shape, structure and distribution of leaf trichome in the Asteraceae family. This study used eight species of the Asteraceae family, namely Elephantopus mollis, Bidens pilosa, Tithonia deversifolia, Tridax procumbens, Synedrella nodiflora, Eclipta prostrate, Sphagneticola trilobata and Ageratum conyzoides. The observation results of trichomes at 8 species by Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) was obtained varied forms of trichomes, both in shape and size. From the research, it was obtained that the forms of multicellular glandular trichome with various shapes, ranging in size from 50.6 µm - 831.9 µm.    

scholarly journals Optimal Extraction of Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil by Association of Ultrasound and Hydrodistillation and Its Potential as a Biopesticide Against a Major Stored Grains Pest

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eridiane da Silva Moura ◽  
Lêda Rita D’Antonino Faroni ◽  
Fernanda Fernandes Heleno ◽  
Alessandra Aparecida Zinato Rodrigues ◽  
Lucas Henrique Figueiredo Prates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Mass Selective Detector ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Selective Detector

The essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum) has significant biological activity against insect pests and can be extracted through various techniques. This work aimed to optimize and validate the extraction process of the essential oil of O. basilicum submitted to different drying temperatures of the leaves and extracted by the combination of a Clevenger method and ultrasound. The biological activity of the extracted oil under different conditions was evaluated for potential control of Sitophilus zeamais. The extraction method was optimized according to the sonication time by ultrasound (0, 8, 19, 31 and 38 min) and hydrodistillation (20, 30, 45, 60 and 70 min) and drying temperature (20, 30, 45, 60 and 70 °C). The bioactivity of the essential oil was assessed against adults of S. zeamais and the effects of each variable and its interactions on the mortality of the insects were evaluated. The best yield of essential oil was obtained with the longest sonication and hydrodistillation times and the lowest drying temperature of leaves. Higher toxicity of the essential oil against S. zeamais was obtained by the use of ultrasound for its extraction. The identification and the relative percentage of the compounds of the essential oil were performed with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass selective detector. The performance of the method was assessed by studying selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy. The LOD and LOQ values for linalool were 2.19 and 6.62 µg mL−1 and for estragole 2.001 and 6.063 µg mL−1, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R2) were >0.99. The average recoveries ranged between 71 and 106%, with coefficient of variation ≤6.4%.

Interactions between Camelina sativa (Brassicaceae) and insect pests of canola

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soroka ◽  
Chrystel Olivier ◽  
Larry Grenkow ◽  
Ginette Séguin-Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Aster Yellows ◽  
Macrosteles Quadrilineatus ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

AbstractIn an investigation of Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz (Brassicaceae) and five common insect pests of canola (Brassica napus Linnaeus) (Brassicaceae), little feeding damage to the plant was inflicted by crucifer-feeding specialist flea beetles (Phyllotreta Chevrolat species) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Delia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) root maggots, or diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)). In choice tests, diamondback moths laid fewer eggs on C. sativa than on B. napus leaves. Diamondback moth larvae consumed less C. sativa leaf tissue, and tended to have a longer developmental period on C. sativa. Larvae of the polyphagous bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) had similar feeding levels on C. sativa and B. napus plants. However, there was a longer developmental period from larval to pupal stage and pupae weighed less when fed on C. sativa foliage, suggesting that C. sativa contains antibiosis factors against bertha armyworm. Two strains of aster yellows phytoplasma, 16SrI-A and 16SrI-B, were identified in C. sativa and in Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Differences in incidence of aster yellows and abundance of M. quadrilineatus were observed among lines of C. sativa. The findings confirm that C. sativa is unlikely to support high populations of these insect pests on the Canadian prairies.

scholarly journals Fishing for New Bt Receptors in Diamondback Moth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhou Chen ◽  
Yuping Huang ◽  
Qun Liu ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Saskia Hogenhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Immunoblotting Technique

ABSTRACTBt toxins bind to receptors in the brush border membrane of the insect gut and create pores, leading to insect death. Bt-resistant insects demonstrate reduced binding of the Bt toxins to gut membranes. However, our understanding of the gut receptors involved in Bt toxin binding, and which receptors confer resistance to these toxins is incomplete, especially in diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a major agricultural pest. Identifying receptors has remained challenging because we lack sufficiently sensitive methods to detect Bt receptor interactions. Here, we report a modified far-immunoblotting technique, which revealed a broad spectrum of binding targets for the Bt toxins Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Bd in diamondback moth. We confirm the role of the glucosinolate sulfatases GSS1 and GSS2 in Cry1Bd toxicity. GSS1 and GSS2 bind directly to Cry1Bd, and their expression is crucial for Cry1Bd toxicity. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Bt toxicity.AUTHOR SUMMARYThe Bt toxins, from the soil bacteriumBacillus thuringiensis, have wide applications in agriculture as insecticides applied to plants or expressed in genetically modified crops. Bt toxins bind to receptors in the brush border membrane of the insect gut and create pores leading to insect death. The success of the Bt toxins in controlling insect pests has been hindered by the emergence of resistant insects, which show reduced binding of Bt to their gut membranes. Although ongoing research has identified a few receptors, many remain unknown and the mechanisms by which these receptors cause resistance remain unclear. Here, we used a modified far-immunoblotting technique to identify proteins that bind to the toxins Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Bd in the diamondback moth. This identified two glucosinolate sulfatases that bind directly to Cry1Bd; also, the toxicity of Cry1Bd requires expression of these glucosinolate sulfatases. Therefore, identification of these candidate receptors improves our understanding of Bt function and resistance.

scholarly journals KEPARAHAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA PADA CABAI (Capsicum annuum L) DAN BERBAGAI JENIS GULMA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Hayu Herwidyarti ◽  
Suskandini Ratih ◽  
Dad Resiworo Jekti Sembodo
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Paspalum Distichum ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora ◽  
Cleome Rutidosperma

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung dan di lahan cabai di Kecamatan Kemiling, Kelurahan Langkapura Bandar Lampung pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2012. Penelitian ini disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari (a) cabai, (b) Cleome rutidosperma, (c) Cyperus kyllingia, (d) Synedrella nodiflora, (e) Paspalum distichum, dan (f) Ageratum conyzoides yang diinokulasi dengan jamur Colletotrichum capsici pada saat tingginya berkisar antara 9-12 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) Keparahan penyakit antraknosa berbeda-beda, pada cabai 0,3% hingga 44,0% %, Cleome rutidosperma sebesar 7,5% hingga 51,0%, Cyperus kyllingia dan Paspalum distichum 0%, Synedrella nodiflora 9,3% hingga 47,0%. dan Ageratum conyzoides 12,8% menjadi 9,1%, (2) Masa inkubasi jamur Colletotrichum capsici berbeda-beda yaitu tersingkat pada gulma Cyperus kyllingia (0 hari), dan masa inkubasi terpanjang pada dan Paspalum conjugatum (27 hari). Pertumbuhan tinggi dan persentase jumlah daun tanaman cabai dan gulma yang diinokulasi dengan Colletotrichum capsici berbeda-beda dari minggu ke- 1 hingga minggu ke- 4. Pertumbuhan paling tinggi terjadi pada gulma Ageratum conyzoides sedangkan pertumbuhan terendah terjadi pada gulma Cleome rutidosperma. Persentase jumlah daun sakit paling besar adalah pada cabai dan Persentase jumlah daun paling kecil pada Cyperus kyllingia.

scholarly journals Mortality of various lepidopteran larvae infected by New Zealand Zoophthora radicans isolates from different hosts

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
M. Walter ◽  
F.J.L. Stavely ◽  
R.B. Chapman ◽  
J.K. Pell ◽  
T.R. Glare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zoophthora Radicans ◽  
Lightbrown Apple Moth

Zoophthora radicans an entomophthoralean fungus is a potential biocontrol agent for a wide range of insect pests The mortality of six insect species inoculated with twelve Z radicans isolates from different hosts found in New Zealand was evaluated using a bioassay Zoophthora radicans isolates originating from the host being tested were generally but not always more effective than isolates originating from other species For example lightbrown apple moth (LBAM) was highly susceptible to isolates Z2 and Z6 from leafrollers (96 and 89 mortality respectively) but was not susceptible to any isolates from diamondback moth (DBM) (mortality lt;5 Plt;0001) DBM was highly susceptible to all isolates from DBM (gt;96 mortality) but only moderately susceptible to leafroller isolates (lt;66 Plt;0001) Although resting spore production was low overall some isolates produced more resting spores in certain hosts such as Z2 and Z6 in LBAM (Plt;0001) and Z8 and Z5 in DBM (Plt;005)

scholarly journals The use of ethnobotanicals in the management of inflammation in Nigeria: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
TR Fasola ◽  
PC Iyamah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Family Names ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera

Inflammation, one of the leading health issues in recent times call for concern. Many plants used in the management and treatment of inflammation in various parts of Nigeria have not been properly harnessed hence this review. The result of this review revealed that plants commonly used for the treatment of inflammation include: Zingiber officinale, Alstonia boonei, Plumbago zeylanica, Ocimum basilicum, Parquetina nigrescens, Peperomia pellucida, Abrus precatorius, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Alchornea cordifolia, Terminalia ivorensis, Aspilia africana, Ageratum conyzoides and Hymenocardia acida. Altogether 74 plant species are ethnobotanicals used in the management and treatment of inflammation. The plants were enumerated with their family names, common and local names, possible chemical constituents, part(s) used, route of administration and subsequent references where available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12620 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 1-18

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