How to Support Social Resilience in Tsunami-Devastated Communities: Iwanuma Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Camille Cosson

This paper describes the post-disaster reconstruction in the Tohoku region after the 2011 earthquake. Nine years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami occurred, and many efforts have been made since to rebuild the devastated territories. Some Japanese architects and urban planners have seen the recovery as a window of opportunity to aim for more resilient cities. Nevertheless, building disaster-resilient communities remains a challenging task. This short paper presents the initiatives made to improve refugees’ social conditions in disaster-relief housing, using the case study of Iwanuma’s relocation project. Concluding remarks suggest that many efforts have been made to improve the social aspect of disaster-relief housing in Japan, for example through the development of community spaces or the pursuit of friendlier dwellings.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Shan Lin ◽  
Wei-Cheng Lin

Building back better is the goal of post-disaster recovery. However, most of the extant literature focuses on hardware reconstruction and there is a lack of attention on the social aspect of recovery. This study aims to understand the role of culture in the recovery process of relocating indigenous communities through tourism livelihood. A Tsou indigenous settlement, relocated after the 2009 Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan, was used as a case study. Field data were collected through participant observations in tourism and community activities as well as semi-structured interviews over a period of 15 months. The study found that appealing to a relocated tribe’s culture, not their land, as their community’s foundation could reduce conflicts within the community and increase social resilience. Indigenous culture-based tourism could serve as an important source of livelihood for such tribes, supporting long-term development. This study highlights community-based cultural tourism as a post-disaster livelihood revival approach which is beneficial for a resilient recovery. Culture could reduce disaster risk through a transformation to a livelihood source and further become the base of community resilience. Instead of promoting detached culture preservation, this study argues that a livelihood-relevant culturally innovative transformation could create a win–win situation for both post-disaster community recovery and culture inheritance.


2020 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2097501
Author(s):  
Mary Luz Alzate-Zuluaga ◽  
Williams Gilberto Jiménez-García

An analysis of violence using data from 2018 to 2019 in the village of Altavista in Medellín, Colombia, concludes that economic globalization and a crisis of the social state have led to an increase in inequality and structural violence. This phenomenon, culturally reinforced by the acceptance and normalization of these events, constitutes a window of opportunity for the entrenchment of violent entrepreneurship using extortive economic activities to accumulate capital, resulting in increased precarity for the inhabitants of the village. Un análisis de la violencia en la aldea de Altavista en Medellín, Colombia, utilizando los datos de 2018 a 2019 concluye que la globalización económica y una crisis del estado social han dado lugar a un aumento en la desigualdad y la violencia estructural. Este fenómeno, culturalmente reforzado por la aceptación y normalización de dichos acontecimientos, constituye una ventana de oportunidad para el afianzamiento de una violenta cultura económica basada en la acumulación de capital a partir de la extorsión, lo cual exacerba la presencia de la precariedad en las vidas de los habitantes del pueblo.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Ceylan ◽  
Murat Deniz Soygeniş

Purpose Sustainability, especially in terms of development and growth, has been in the agenda of the world community for several decades. However, apparently not all the aspects of sustainability are given equal importance. Ecologic and economic components of sustainability have been in the focal point of many theoretical and practical works, as the social aspect has been mostly left out of emphasis. The purpose of this paper is to examine the social aspects of sustainability and its relation to architecture, with respect to the strong connection between the society and the built environment. Design/methodology/approach The core of the paper consists of a case study conducted at a design studio course for third-year architecture students whereas the outcomes of the student works on the design problem are evaluated as examples for design approaches to reflect the effects of the built environment on social sustainability. The case study is supported with a literature review and examination of existing approaches to similar subjects regarding social sustainability. Findings The findings resulted in a better understanding of social sustainability in architectural education which is reflected on the built environment through several architectural strategies. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by providing a holistic understanding of sustainability including its social aspects and creating an awareness for the importance of social sustainability in architectural education.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mozumder ◽  
Md. Wahab ◽  
Simo Sarkki ◽  
Petra Schneider ◽  
Mohammad Islam

Social resilience is an essential aspect of sustainability in environmental management, especially in poor resource-dependent communities. To better understand the dynamics of social resilience, we have conducted a primarily qualitative study of communities dependent on hilsa fishing in two coastal villages in southern Bangladesh. This study applies concepts of social-ecological system (SES), social resilience and co-management in outlining our qualitative data and framing its interpretation. Our findings show that while the establishment of hilsa sanctuary areas has enhanced the previously low ecological sustainability of local small-scale fishing, the management of this program has challenged the social resilience of hilsa fishers by creating new inequalities in the distribution of power and privilege, in terms of the ways in which seasonal fishing bans are enforced and compensation for income loss during the ban periods is distributed. Based on our findings, we suggest specific measures for strengthening social resilience at the local level, including building community networks, developing community infrastructures, updating existing rules and regulations, providing alternative means of generating income for fishers during the crisis periods (e.g. natural disasters and fishing ban periods) and more active sharing of responsibility between stakeholders and government for management of the hilsa fishery. These findings are also applicable to understanding the issues beyond rules and regulations that co-management arrangements need to address in order to be successful and to enhancing the function of co-management arrangements in improving social resilience within resource-dependent communities.


ملخص: هدفت الدراسة للتعرف إلى بعض الصعوبات والمشكلات، والأوضاع المعيشية كما تراها الأسر المقيمة بمراكز الإيواء بمدارس وكالة الغوث الدولية واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ومنهج دراسة الحالة، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من 13 أسرة من المقيمين في مدرسة ذكور الزيتون الابتدائية “ب” بتل الهوى وتم عقد مقابلات متعمقة معهم للتعرف على الأوضاع المعيشية بشيء من التفصيل، وأيضاً تم مقابلة عدد 6 من الإخباريين الذين عايشوا الأحداث وقد أشارت النتائج المتعلقة بمكان الإعاشة وتجهيزاته إلى أن المعيشة صعبة، وأن كل الأسرة كانت تقطن في غرفة صف واحدة فى المدرسة، كما أن غرفة الصف غير معدة للمعيشة، وفيما يتعلق بالجانب الاقتصادي أكدت النتائج أن الجميع بدون عمل، وفيما يتعلق بالإخباريين؛ أكد الجميع أن كل القاطنين في مراكز الإيواء ليس لديهم أي مصدر دخل ولا عمل، وبالنسبة للجانب النفسي للنازحين وأبنائهم، أكدت كل العينة من خلال المقابلات أن أبناءهم وزوجاتهم يعانون من مشكلات نفسية عديدة تتمثل في الخوف، والتبول اللاإرادي، والأمراض النفسية، وتم تحويل جزء كبير منهم إلى عيادات خارجية، وفيما يتعلق بالجانب الاجتماعي وعلاقاتهم مع المحيطين بهم، أكدت غالبية العينة أن ليس لديهم علاقات اجتماعية مع المحيطين، حيث تقتصر علاقاتهم مع بعضهم داخل المدرسة، وبالنسبة للجانب السياسي ومستقبل عودتهم إلى بيوتهم بعد إعادة الإعمار، فيرى الجميع أنه سيكون بطيئا وسيستغرق وقتا طويلا.الكلمة الافتتاحية / الأوضاع المعيشية للأسر الفلسطينية Abstract This study aims to investigate some of the difficulties, problems and living conditions perceived by families living in shelter centers in schools of international relief agency. Researchers used descriptive analytical approach in their case study. The study sample consisted of 13 families residing in the Elzaytoon male elementary school ‘b’ in Tel al-Hawa district. It held in-depth interviews with families to know the living conditions in details. Also six news reporters were included in interviews that witnessed the events. The results concerning the place of living and its materials indicated that the living conditions were difficult; each family was living in one classroom in the school not intended for living. In regard to the economic aspect, results confirmed that inhabitants were jobless with no income. On the psychological aspect of displaced persons and their descendants, results showed that their sons and wives suffered from various psychological problems such as the fearbedwetting and mental illness. As a result of this a large part of them had been transferred to psychological clinics. In regard of the social aspect, the majority of sample individuals confirmed that they do not have social relations with those around them; relations were confined within the school only. On political level, they had no hope in returning to their homes. Moreover, they believed that house reconstruction would be slow and it will take a long time.


Author(s):  
Novita A Wulandari ◽  
Nurdin Jusuf ◽  
Otniel Pontoh

AbstractFishermen household has a special characteristic, such use the use of coastal and marine areas (common property) as a factor of production, working hours should follow the oceanographic conditions (sail only an average of about 20 days in a month, the rest is relatively idle). Fishermen were particularly vulnerable to seasonal changes caused by climate change, making studies of the lives of fishermen generally emphasize the poverty and economic uncertainty experienced fishermen and their families. Based on those problems that can be formulated, any strategy that made the fisherman community in meeting the needs of the household?. The purpose of this study are: 1). examines the general state of the village Tateli Dua Mandolang Minahasa District of Northern Sulawesi province, 2). detailing the standard of living in terms of the social aspect is education, number of dependents, age structure, and organization / social institutions, 3). detailing the standard of living in terms of the economic aspects ie venture capital, marketing catches, income and expenditure, 4). explore and learn strategies fishermen community in meeting the needs of the household. Basic research will be used is a case study. The case study is a study done by studying a particular case in which the object is limited (Helmi and Satria, 2012). The results showed that in meeting household needs, fishermen in the village Tateli Two has a three-pronged strategy: 1). The use of alternative livelihoods, 2). Contributions empowerment fisherman's wife, and 3). Saving of household spending.Keywords: Household, Fishermen, Strategy AbstrakRumah tangga nelayan memiliki ciri khusus seperti penggunaan wilayah pesisir dan laut (common property) sebagai faktor produksi, jam kerja harus mengikuti kondisi oseanografis (melaut hanya rata-rata sekitar 20 hari dalam satu bulan, sisanya relatif menganggur). Nelayan menjadi sangat rentan terhadap perubahan musim yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan iklim, membuat kajian-kajian terhadap kehidupan nelayan umumnya menekankan pada kemiskinan dan ketidakpastian ekonomi yang dialami nelayan dan keluarganya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat dirumuskan permasalahan yaitu, strategi apa saja yang dilakukan masyarakat nelayan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga?. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu : 1). menelaah keadaan umum Desa Tateli Dua Kecamatan Mandolang Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, 2). merinci taraf hidup ditinjau dari aspek sosial adalah pendidikan, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, struktur umur, dan organisasi/lembaga sosial, 3). memerinci taraf hidup ditinjau dari aspek ekonomi yaitu modal usaha, pemasaran hasil tangkapan, pendapatan dan pengeluaran serta 4). menggali dan mempelajari strategi masyarakat nelayan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga. Dasar penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Studi kasus adalah penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara mempelajari satu kasus tertentu pada obyek yang terbatas (Helmi dan Satria, 2012). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dalam memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga, nelayan yang ada di Desa Tateli Dua memiliki tiga bentuk strategi yaitu 1). Penggunaan mata pencaharian alternatif, 2). Kontribusi pemberdayaan istri nelayan, dan 3). Penghematan belanja rumah tanggaKata Kunci : Rumah tangga, Nelayan, Strategi


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Czupich

Social participation enables citizens to take part in the decision-making process. It is an increasingly popular instrument in Poland. The effectiveness of participation is the most important issue in this context. In accordance with the Act of 9 October 2015, urban regeneration mainly applies to mitigating negative social phenomena. The social aspect is also important at the stage of establishing urban regeneration programmes. Extensive social participation in the process of creat­ing these programmes is one of the main requirements. The aim of the article is to present the scale of the involvement of local communities in the procedure of creating regeneration programmes in selected small towns in Poland. Conclusions from the analysis include an assessment of participation success rate in regeneration activities.


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