Lateral Load Performance of Panelized Wood I-Joist Floor Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-438
Author(s):  
Sigong Zhang ◽  
Ying Hei Chui ◽  
David Joo
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Diaphragm Action ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Frame Construction

Abstract Panelized light wood frame construction is becoming more popular due to the faster construction time and shortage of onsite skilled labor. To use light wood frame panels effectively in panelized floor systems, panel-to-panel joints must be fastened adequately to allow load transfer between panels. They must also possess in-plane shear strength and stiffness comparable to stick-built, staggered-sheathed assemblies. This study was designed to develop efficient and effective panel-to-panel joints for connecting adjacent floor panels built with wood I-joists and evaluate the efficiency of the joints in achieving diaphragm action. At first, a number of these panel-to-panel joints were tested in the laboratory using a small-scale diaphragm test setup to determine their efficiency in transferring in-plane forces between panels. Test results showed that a small decrease in in-plane stiffness was expected for the most effective joints, but their strengths were significantly higher than at the same location in a conventional site-built floor diaphragm. The presence of blockings and use of two-row nailing were found to considerably improve stiffness and strength. These features can be used to mitigate the potential reduction in mechanical performance of panelized floor construction, in comparison with the site-built wood I-joist floor.

Foam Insulation Behavior in Void Space Under Fire Conditions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kurzawski ◽  
Ofodike A. Ezekoye
Keyword(s):  
Oriented Strand Board ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Space Construction ◽  
Smoke Detectors ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Frame Construction

A fire contained within a room can spread into void spaces in the walls and ceiling through penetrations in the material that lines the compartment. Few studies have looked at how a room and contents fire transitions to a structural fire. One of the active areas of fire research is the coupling of the fire to the structure. Lightweight wood frame construction represents the majority of residential construction in the U.S. The construction details and choice of materials will affect the overall fire resistance of the structure. Because of the relative lack of knowledge on the fire penetration into wall spaces, this research examined how fire might penetrate into the void spaces of wood framed structures. In the U.S.A., a critical barrier to the penetration of hot gas products into void spaces is provided by the gypsum-board skin of the compartment. For most compartments, there are many penetrations within the compartment’s gypsum-board skin. Common potential access points include security system wiring (e.q. smoke detectors and cameras), ventilation fixtures, light switches, and electrical outlets among others. A hole in the gypsum may create opportunities for void space ignition. One of the purposes of this work is to develop a small scale testing system to characterize fire driven flow and heat transfer into a void space. With such an apparatus, one can rapidly identify materials that are prone to igniting for a given leakage geometry and fire size. Common materials found in void spaces include wooden structural members, plywood/oriented strand board, a variety of insulation types, and vapor barriers. This study discusses the characteristics of the small scale experimental system and preliminary tests on a range of void space construction materials.

A General Purpose Laboratory for Small-Scale In-Barn Swine Discoveries

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-949
Author(s):  
Sara E. Weyer ◽  
Benjamin C. Smith ◽  
Brett C. Ramirez ◽  
Jay D. Harmon ◽  
Daniel S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
List Type ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Swine Confinement ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Frame Construction

HighlightsDesign and construction of mobile swine facility on a flat decked trailer for experimentation.Air infiltration evaluation for an experimental building.Theoretical building shell thermal analysis and heat transfer determination.Abstract. Specialized animal environment experiments needing swine facilities calls for novel technology creation to enable unique experimentation without the drawbacks of traditional swine facilities. In a full-scale swine facility, there are challenges with cost, increased travel time to sites, additional labor is required, the facility cannot be fully controlled, and biosecurity becomes a risk. A small-scale, mobile swine confinement laboratory was designed and built to mitigate the challenges faced in a full-scale barn. The mobility of the laboratory enables it to travel to swine farms to obtain fresh animal specimens, which allows the experiments and data collected to be more representative of an in-barn application. The model facility, built on a flat-bed trailer, has two identical, fully instrumented rooms (L × W × H) of 2.24 × 2.29 × 2.05 m (88.0 × 90.0 × 80.5 in.) with a 0.46 m (18 in.) shallow pit, replicating typical swine finishing rooms. Walls were composed of typical wood-frame construction with interior paneling and metal clad on the exterior. Instrumentation allows the environment and air quality of the rooms, along with other parameters, to be controlled and monitored. The rear portion of the trailer includes an instrumentation room to house necessary computers, controllers, and associated equipment. Commissioning of components and verifying function of equipment were performed, which included quantifying infiltration and performing a thermal analysis for each room. Analysis showed that the infiltration equation was distinct for each room. The use of this laboratory for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of in-barn experimentation on a controlled, small-scale will mitigate the challenges presented in a typical barn. Keywords: Building, Commissioning, Facility, Heat transfer, Mobile, Pig.

Experimental evaluation of an orthotropic, monolithic, modular wooden-dome structural system

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1163-1176
Author(s):  
Mehdi H.K. Kharrazi ◽  
Salah Eldeib ◽  
Helmut G.L. Prion
Keyword(s):  
Load Resistance ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Frame Construction

Canadian Wooden Dome (CWD) is an innovative orthotropic, monolithic modular sectional building system. The main frame of these structures is built using mill trim ends that are normally chipped or used for finger-jointing. The structure, in comparison to conventional wood-frame single-family housing, has a rapid manufacturing process, and quick, on-site assembly attempts to reduce overall construction time. Presented with these advantages and the uniqueness of the wooden-dome system, a technical study was initiated to investigate the structural performance of the modular wooden dome in earthquake-prone areas and to examine its load resistance to heavy snow. This paper describes the results from a series of static and dynamic load tests conducted on the CWD as part of this study. The test results generally indicated that based on the structural performance of the CWD under static and dynamic loads, the CWD could be an alternative to the conventional wood-frame construction system. The test results are then compared with those obtained from the tests conducted on conventional single-family wood-frame houses as part of the Earthquake 99 (EQ-99) Woodframe House Project at The University of British Columbia. The seismic performance of the CWD was superior to that of the nonengineered housing system and comparable to that of the engineered wood-frame housing system.

scholarly journals Particle Shape Effect on Macroscopic Behaviour of Underground Structures: Numerical and Experimental Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szarf ◽  
Gael Combe ◽  
Pascal Villard
Keyword(s):  
Particle Shape ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Shape Effect ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Buried Pipe

Abstract The mechanical performance of underground flexible structures such as buried pipes or culverts made of plastics depend not only on the properties of the structure, but also on the material surrounding it. Flexible drains can deflect by 30% with the joints staying tight, or even invert. Large deformations of the structure are difficult to model in the framework of Finite Element Method, but straightforward in Discrete Element Methods. Moreover, Discrete Element approach is able to provide information about the grain-grain and grain-structure interactions at the microscale. This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations of flexible buried pipe behaviour with focus placed on load transfer above the buried structure. Numerical modeling was able to reproduce the experimental results. Load repartition was observed, being affected by a number of factors such as particle shape, pipe friction and pipe stiffness.

Performance of All-Polypropylene Composites at LNG Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilim Atli-Veltin
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

In the small scale LNG infrastructure, composite materials are scarcely employed. Potentially, cost effective solutions for LNG applications could be developed thanks to the advantages of composite materials over metals such as weight savings, design flexibility and recyclability. The research presented in this paper focuses on the mechanical performance of fully recyclable, thermoplastic Polypropylene (PP) composite tapes at cryogenic LNG temperatures. Quasi-static tensile tests performed on [±45] laminates made of plain woven plies of PURE® show that at −196°C the behavior is bilinear with the failure strain of 6.5% and failure stress of 37 MPa. Such non-brittle failure behavior of PP is desirable for cryogenic applications. The other results presented in the paper contains [0/90] laminate results and the interlaminar shear strength characteristics at room and cryogenic temperatures.

Effect of Autoclave Cure Time and Surface Preparation on Film Adhesive Bond in Lightweight Material Joints

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isotta Morfini ◽  
Luca Goglio ◽  
Giovanni Belingardi ◽  
Sayed A. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Adhesive Bond ◽  
Lap Joints ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Bonding Parameters ◽  
Film Adhesive ◽  
Cure Time

This study investigates the effect of cure time and surface roughness on mechanical performance of single lap joints (SLJ). Test joints are made of aluminum/aluminum or aluminum/magnesium adherends that are autoclave-bonded using a commercially available film adhesive. Joint mechanical performance is assessed in terms of the static load transfer capacity (LTC), fatigue life and failure mode. Except for the cure time, all the rates of the other autoclave-bonding parameters are kept constant; namely, the level of cure temperature and pressure, as well as the rates of autoclave heating, cooling, pressurization and depressurization. Test data, failure mode analysis, discussion, observations and conclusions are provided.

scholarly journals Energy and seismic drawbacks of masonry: a unified retrofitting solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Longo ◽  
A. Cascardi ◽  
P. Lassandro ◽  
M. A. Aiello
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Inorganic Matrix ◽  
Comfort Criteria

AbstractAll over the world, a large part of existing buildings is not adequate to satisfy the safety requirement and the thermal comfort criteria. For this reason, the interest in structural and energy retrofitting systems has steadily grown in the last decades. In this scenario, an innovative thermal resistant geopolymer mortar has been developed and used for Inorganic Matrix Composite (IMC) systems aimed to a combined seismic and energy new retrofitting technique. The geopolymer-based IMC is able to ensure competitive mechanical properties with respect to the traditional lime-based IMCs and, at the same time, a significant reduction in thermal conductivity. In this paper, an experimental program is reported considering small-scaled masonry panels with double-side IMC-retrofitting and determining both the in-plane shear strength and the thermal resistance. The experimental shear tests are aimed to compare the mechanical performance of the geopolymer innovative systems with those of the traditional lime-based ones. Moreover, the thermal resistance gain of the innovative solutions was measured and compared with traditional systems. The results evidenced the effectiveness of the proposed technique that significantly improved the performances of masonry walls from both the thermal and the mechanical point of view.

Mechanical Behaviour of Steel-Concrete Twin I-Girder Bridges

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Lin ◽  
Heang Lam ◽  
Teruhiko Yoda
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Bridge Model ◽  
Symmetrical Loading ◽  
Unsymmetrical Loading ◽  
Girder Bridge

<p>Steel-concrete composite twin I-girder bridges have been built a lot in both Europe and Japan, but the lack of redundancy has always been a concern in U.S. and many other countries. In addition, few experimental studies have been performed on the mechanical performance of such bridges, particularly for the intact bridges. On this background, a steel-concrete composite twin I-Girder bridge model was designed according to the current highway bridge design specification in Japan and tested in the laboratory. The static loading tests were performed, and two loading conditions including both symmetrical loading and unsymmetrical loading were applied. Load versus deflection relationships were measured in the loading test, and the failure mode of the test specimen was discussed. The flexural strain development on bottom flanges of two main girders was also reported in this paper to confirm the load transfer between two main girders. In addition, the theoretical results on the basis of the classic theory were also provided to compare with the test results. The comparison indicates that the theoretical analyses can predict the behaviour of the twin I-girder bridges very well in the elastic stage by considering the effective width of the slab. The load transfer paths in such bridges were also discussed on the basis of the test results under un-symmetrical loading.</p>

Resilience improvement of historical timber floors subjected to cyclic loading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shota Urushadze ◽  
Miloš Drdácký
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Experimental Behaviour

<p>Horizontal diaphragms play an important role in the seismic behaviour of old buildings, and their behaviour when loaded by in-plane shear has not yet been sufficiently described in literature. The distribution of horizontal forces among bearing walls is strongly dependent on the stiffness of horizontal components and their connections to the vertical structures. The paper focuses on horizontal diaphragms of historic buildings, such as traditional floor systems and feasible intervention technologies for the improvement of their resilience. Experimental behaviour of original and strengthened wooden floors is analysed in order to obtain information on the system performance and supply parameters for use in numerical modelling.</p>

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