Impacto de causas de morte na esperança de vida em São Paulo, 2000 e 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Fernando Flores Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Eliane Menezes Flores Santos ◽  
André Renê Barboni
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Capital City ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Foi levantado e analisado o impacto de algumas causas de morte na esperança de vida (EV) dos residentes dos bairros centrais e periféricos de São Paulo (capital), 2000 e 2010. Analisou-se a importância dos grupos de causas de óbito na EV, utilizando-se tábuas de vida e a teoria de riscos competitivos. os cinco capítulos da CiD10 analisados abrangem mais de três quartos dos óbitos, em ambos os sexos, nos anos estudados. Nota-se uma clara tendência de envelhecimento de ambas as regiões. A diferença da Esperança de Vida ao Nascer (EVN) entre mulheres e homens do centro e da periferia diminuiu, mas a disparidade entre áreas aumentou. A análise dos Anos Potenciais de Vida Ganhos, através da eliminação do risco de morrer por alguns grupos de causa de morte, mostra diferenças em função da importância relativa que cada grupo tem em cada uma das populações e permite ao gestor estabelecer uma política mais específica e resolutiva que certamente irá se refletir na qualidade de vida. Fica claro que existem duas realidades muito diferentes dentro do mesmo município. Provavelmente isso também é válido para o restante do Brasil.AbstractThe study analyzed the impact of some causes of death in the life expectancy of the central and peripheral districts residents of São Paulo (capital city), 2000 and 2010. the importance of the groups of causes of death was measured by life tables and the theory of competitive risks. The five chapters of ICD10 analyzed cover more than three quarters of deaths in both sexes. there was a clear trend towards aging in both regions. The difference in Life Expectancy at Birth between women and men in the center and the periphery decreased, but the disparity between areas increased. the analysis of the Potential Life Years Earnings by eliminating the risk of dying by some cause of death groups shows differences depending on the relative importance that each group has in each of the populations and allows the manager to establish a more specific policy, which will certainly be reflected in the quality of life. It is clear that there are two very different realities within the same city. This is probably also true for the rest of Brazil

A MODEL-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

2001 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
E. MASSAD ◽  
F. A. B. COUTINHO ◽  
M. N. BURATTINI ◽  
L. F. LOPEZ
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The devastating figures that recently emerged from a demographic study of the impact of HIV/AIDS in some African countries mark the return to the conditions of the XIXth century, when high birth rates were neutralized by equally high death rates. In the State of São Paulo, Brazil, AIDS is the second cause of death among men aged twenty to forty nine years and the first cause of death of women in the same age class. In this work we propose a mathematical treatment to evaluate the impact of AIDS mortality on the age structure of an affected population, namely, that of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We propose four indicators for the estimation of the impact of AIDS mortality. The first is the age-dependent differences in ten years survival probabilities attributable to AIDS. The second is the difference in the average age of survivors after 10 years of AIDS. The next is the conventional life expectancy at birth for children born in 1996 and with AIDS prevalence assumed at its maximum value and remaining in steady-state afterwards. Finally, we calculate the differences in the life expectancy of individuals considering the effect of AIDS for only ten years. We found that, in the period between 1987 and 1996 the effects were small but very interesting. However, projecting to the future the conditions of 1996, we calculate that the population of the state of São Paulo would lose 3 years in the average life expectancy at birth.

scholarly journals The decomposition of life expectancy for age and cause of death in Tuscany, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nante ◽  
L Kundisova ◽  
F Gori ◽  
A Martini ◽  
F Battisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Changing of life expectancy at birth (LE) over time reflects variations of mortality rates of a certain population. Italy is amongst the countries with the highest LE, Tuscany ranks fifth at the national level. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of various causes of death in different age groups on the change in LE in the Tuscany region (Italy) during period 1987-2015. Material and methods Mortality data relative to residents that died during the period between 1987/1989 and 2013/2015 were provided by the Tuscan Regional Mortality Registry. The causes of death taken into consideration were cardiovascular (CVS), respiratory (RESP) and infective (INF) diseases and cancer (TUM). The decomposition of LE gain was realized with software Epidat, using the Pollard’s method. Results The overall LE gain during the period between two three-years periods was 6.7 years for males, with a major gain between 65-89, and 4.5 years for females, mainly improved between 75-89, <1 year for both sexes. The major gain (2.6 years) was attributable to the reduction of mortality for CVS, followed by TUM (1.76 in males and 0.83 in females) and RESP (0.4 in males; 0.1 in females). The major loss of years of LE was attributable to INF (-0.15 in females; -0.07 in males) and lung cancer in females (-0.13), for which the opposite result was observed for males (gain of 0.62 years of LE). Conclusions During the study period (1987-2015) the gain in LE was major for males. To the reduction of mortality for CVS have contributed to the tempestuous treatment of acute CVS events and secondary CVS prevention. For TUM the result is attributable to the adherence of population to oncologic screening programmes. The excess of mortality for INF that lead to the loss of LE can be attributed to the passage from ICD-9 to ICD-10 in 2003 (higher sensibility of ICD-10) and to the diffusion of multi-drug resistant bacteria, which lead to elevated mortality in these years. Key messages The gain in LE during the period the 1987-2015 was higher in males. The major contribution to gain in LE was due to a reduction of mortality for CVS diseases.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Introduction of MELD on the Dynamics of the Liver Transplantation Waiting List in São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleazar Chaib ◽  
Eduardo Massad ◽  
Bruno Butturi Varone ◽  
Andre Leopoldino Bordini ◽  
Flavio Henrique Ferreira Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Liver Transplantations ◽  
The Impact

Until July 15, 2006, the time on the waiting list was the main criterion for allocating deceased donor livers in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. After this date, MELD has been the basis for the allocation of deceased donor livers for adult transplantation. Our aim was to compare the waitlist dynamics before MELD (1997–2005) and after MELD (2006–2012) in our state. A retrospective study was conducted including the data from all the liver transplant candidate waiting lists from July 1997 to December 2012. The data were related to the actual number of liver transplantations (Tr), the incidence of new patients on the list (I), and the number of patients who died while being on the waitlist (D) from 1997 to 2005 (the pre-MELD era) and from 2006 to 2012 (the post-MELD era). The number of transplantations from 1997 to 2005 and from 2006 to 2012 increased nonlinearly, with a clear trend to levelling to equilibrium at approximately 350 and 500 cases per year, respectively. The implementation of the MELD score resulted in a shorter waiting time until liver transplantation. Additionally, there was a significant effect on the waitlist dynamics in the first 4 years; however, the curves diverge from there, implying a null long-range effect on the waitlist by the MELD scores.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 infection on life expectancy, premature mortality, and DALY in Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guru Vasishtha ◽  
Sanjay K. Mohanty ◽  
Udaya S. Mishra ◽  
Manisha Dubey ◽  
Umakanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The State ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 infections and deaths have largely been uneven within and between countries. With 17% of the world’s population, India has so far had 13% of global COVID-19 infections and 8.5% of deaths. Maharashtra accounting for 9% of India’s population, is the worst affected state, with 19% of infections and 33% of total deaths in the country until 23rd December 2020. Though a number of studies have examined the vulnerability to and spread of COVID-19 and its effect on mortality, no attempt has been made to understand its impact on mortality in the states of India. Method Using data from multiple sources and under the assumption that COVID-19 deaths are additional deaths in the population, this paper examined the impact of the disease on premature mortality, loss of life expectancy, years of potential life lost (YPLL), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in Maharashtra. Descriptive statistics, a set of abridged life tables, YPLL, and DALY were used in the analysis. Estimates of mortality indices were compared pre- and during COVID-19. Result COVID-19 attributable deaths account for 5.3% of total deaths in the state and have reduced the life expectancy at birth by 0.8 years, from 73.2 years in the pre-COVID-19 period to 72.4 years by the end of 2020. If COVID-19 attributable deaths increase to 10% of total deaths, life expectancy at birth will likely reduce by 1.4 years. The probability of death in 20–64 years of age (the prime working-age group) has increased from 0.15 to 0.16 due to COVID-19. There has been 1.06 million additional loss of years (YPLL) in the state, and DALY due to COVID-19 has been estimated to be 6 per thousand. Conclusion COVID-19 has increased premature mortality, YPLL, and DALY and has reduced life expectancy at every age in Maharashtra.

scholarly journals Contributions of specific causes of death to lost life expectancy in severe mental illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jayatilleke ◽  
R.D. Hayes ◽  
R. Dutta ◽  
H. Shetty ◽  
M. Hotopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Life Years

AbstractThe life expectancy gap between people with severe mental illness (SMI) and the general population persists and may even be widening. This study aimed to estimate contributions of specific causes of death to the gap. Age of death and primary cause of death were used to estimate life expectancy at birth for people with SMI from a large mental healthcare case register during 2007–2012. Using data for England and Wales in 2010, death rates in the SMI cohort for each primary cause of death category were replaced with gender- and age-specific norms for that cause. Life expectancy in SMI was then re-calculated and, thus, the contribution of that specific cause of death estimated. Natural causes accounted for 79.2% of lost life-years in women with SMI and 78.6% in men. Deaths from circulatory disorders accounted for more life-years lost in women than men (22.0% versus 17.4%, respectively), as did deaths from cancer (8.1% versus 0%), but the contribution from respiratory disorders was lower in women than men (13.7% versus 16.5%). For women, cancer contributed more in those with non-affective than affective disorders, while suicide, respiratory and digestive disorders contributed more in those with affective disorders. In men, respiratory disorders contributed more in non-affective disorders. Other contributions were similar between gender and affective/non-affective groups. Loss of life expectancy in people with SMI is accounted for by a broad range of causes of death, varying by gender and diagnosis. Interventions focused on multiple rather than individual causes of death should be prioritised accordingly.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF DISEASE BURDEN AND WEALTH CREATION IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Festusdading
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

The study investigates the impact of disease burden on wealth creation in Nigeria using annual time series data ranging from 2006-2018. A pre test was conducted to ascertain the stationarity of the data for it is a common knowledge that most time series data are not stationary. The case of this is not an exception to the assertion. Some of the variables were stationary at levels while others were stationary after first difference, that is I(0) and I(1) respectively. The different levels of integration of the data warrant the use of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model as a methodology for the analysis. The theoretical framework was based on the Disability Life Years (DALY) of Murray (1996) which says that the burden of disease is arrived at by the number of years a person loses as a result of dying early due to ailment and the number of years of life a person lives with disability caused by the disease. Diagnostic test was conducted using Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation Lagrange Multiplier Test to ascertain whether there is autocorrelation among the variables but the result shows that there is no trace of autocorrelation among variables. The long run empirical analysis revealed that wealth creation has impact on disease burden in Nigeria. This can conversely infer that as the source of livelihood increase, the disease burden on the population is reduced because people will have income to attract health consideration which invariably will reduce the chances of suffering from diseases. The life expectancy at birth has more and significant impact on disease burden than population and even wealth creation. It is therefore recommended among other recommendations that measures that will lead to wealth creation should be harnessed as this will greatly reduce the burden of diseases in Nigeria which will invariably increase life expectancy at birth.

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to  an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning  lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through  observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to  the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT URBAN LAND USE TYPES ON AIR POLLUTION IN THE MEGACITY OF SÃO PAULO

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Júlio Barboza Chiquetto ◽  
Maria Elisa Siqueira Silva ◽  
Rita Yuri Ynoue ◽  
Flávia Noronha Dutra Ribieiro ◽  
Débora Souza Alvim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Impact

A poluição do ar é influenciada por fatores naturais e antropogênicos. Quatro pontos de monitoramento (veicular, comercial, residencial e background urbano (BGU))da poluição do ar em São Paulo foram avaliados durante 16 anos, revelando diferenças significativas devidoao uso do solo em todas as escalas temporais. Na escala diurna, as concentrações de poluentes primários são duas vezes mais altas nos pontos veicular e residencial do que no ponto BGU, onde a concentração de ozonio (O3) é 50% mais alta. Na escala sazonal, as concentrações de monóxido de carbono(CO) variaram em 80% devido ao uso do solo, e 55% pela sazonalidade.As variações sazonais ede uso do solo exercem impactos similares nas concentrações de O3 e monóxido de nitrogênio (NO). Para o material particulado grosso (MP10) e o dióxido de nitrogênio(NO2), as variações sazonais são mais intensas do que as por uso do solo. Na série temporal de 16 anos, o ponto BGU apresentou correlações mais fortes e significativas entre a média mensal de ondas longas (ROL) e o O3 (0,48) e o MP10 (0,37), comparadas ao ponto veicular (0,33 e 0,22, respectivamente). Estes resultados confirmam que o uso do solo urbano tem um papel significativo na concentração de poluentes em todas as escalas de análise, embora a sua influência se torne menos pronunciada em escalas maiores, conforme a qualidade do ar transita de um sistema antropogênico para um sistema natural. Isto poderá auxiliar decisões sobre políticas públicas em megacidades envolvendo a modificação do uso do solo.

scholarly journals Survival of people living with AIDS with or without tuberculosis in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M V Tancredi ◽  
S Sakabe ◽  
C S B Domingues ◽  
G F M Pereira² ◽  
E A Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Capital City ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Aids Diagnosis

Abstract Background To estimate median survival time of AIDS patients, with and without tuberculosis (TB), in a cohort in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and to investigate survival predictors. Methods Retrospective cohort study of AIDS patients above 12 years old, registered at the Ministry of Health AIDS surveillance system between 2003-2007, and followed until 2014. Survival analysis used the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios (HR), with respective 95% confidence intervals (CI = 95%). Results 35,515 patients were included, being 4,581 (12.9%) co-infected with TB. Among the latter, probability of survival 12 years after AIDS diagnosis was 95.2%, 82.9%, and 21.9%, respectively for patients receiving at least one third line ARV (HAART2), receiving triple therapy (HAART1) and the last one not on ARV. In the same period, the probability of survival for patients without TB, in the same order as for the therapeutic regimens, was 95.2%, 90.5%, and 40.9%, respectively. The main factors associated with survival, adjusted for the year of diagnosis, were: Living in the city of Sao Paulo (HR = 1,16;IC95% 1,01-1,32), living away from the capital city (HR = 1.43; 95%CI 1.25-1.62); or on the coast (HR = 1.49; 95%CI 1.21-1.82); having TB (HR = 1.70; 95%CI 1.49-1.87); above 49 years old (HR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.18-1.54); black (HR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.12-1.45); IV drug use (HR = 1.73; 95%CI 1.49-2.02); CD4+ below 200 cell/mm³ at AIDS diagnosis (HR = 2.31; 95%CI 1.97-2.72); viral load above 500 copies at AIDS diagnosis (HR = 1.99; 95%CI 1.72-2.30); HAART1 scheme (HR = 1.94; 95%CI 1.47-2.55); no ARV (HR = 8.22; 95%CI 2.95-22.87). Conclusions A large proportion of patients did not receive ARVs or were late diagnosed with AIDS, especially those with TB, whose survival was shorter. Survival is heterogeneous in the state, being lower in regions with higher TB rates. The results point to the need for specific strategies for patients with TB-HIV co-infection. Key messages Tuberculosis is the main cause of death among HIV-infected people, being responsible for one third of deaths in this group and causing a great impact on the survival of this population. The Brazilian policy of universal access to ARV and treatment for TB has increased the survival of AIDS-TB from 22% to 95% and in patients without TB from 50% to 95% up to 12 years after diagnosis.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

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