Neighbourhood deprivation and child behaviour across childhood and adolescence

Children living in deprived areas tend to show greater problem behaviour relative to children in more advantaged areas. We explored the effect of different forms of area deprivation (such as income, education and health) on the development of child problem behaviour (emotional and behavioural problems) from early childhood to middle adolescence. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study, we modelled trajectories of child problem behaviour depending on the level of deprivation in the neighbourhood, across ages 3 to 14 years, in England (n = 6,127). We explored seven types of social, economic and environmental deprivation in small standard areas, using the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Child problem behaviour was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Most types of deprivation were moderately predictive of child problem behaviour at around age eight (where we set the intercept), when explored in separate models, even after adjustments to reduce area selection bias. However, they were not related to longitudinal changes in problem behaviour. Socio-economic aspects of area deprivation – education, income and employment – were most consistently related to child problem behaviour – and were robust to adjustments for other domains of area deprivation including crime and living environment.

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ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCE SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN POOR HOUSEHOLDS IN WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE

AFEBI Economic and Finance Review ◽

10.47312/aefr.v1i01.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Hefrizal Handra ◽

Zamzami Zamzami

Keyword(s):

Social Economic ◽

Household Head ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Jel Classification ◽

Education And Health ◽

Poor Households ◽

Household Members ◽

Economic Survey ◽

Using Data ◽

Age Category

This research is purposed to learn the behaviors of poor households in managing their income for buying cigarettes using data from the National Social Economic Survey of West Sumatera Province in 2013 using OLS method as a tool of analysis. Results of the analysis show that the cigarette spending in percentage of income in smoker households in West Sumatera Province is very large, far larger than the percentage of spending for education and health. Household cigarette spending is influenced by income factors, cigarette prices, number of adult male household members, area of residence, age category of the household head, and education of the household head.JEL Classification: D10, D31, P46 Keywords: Cigarette Spending, OLS Regression, Smoking Household, Taste Intervention

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Teacher versus parent informant invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

10.31234/osf.io/u89rb ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aja Louise Murray ◽

Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽

Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽

Sara Valdebenito ◽

Claire Hughes

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Psychopathology ◽

Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

School Contexts ◽

Child And Adolescent Psychopathology ◽

Strengths And Difficulties ◽

Scalar Invariance ◽

Using Data ◽

The Uk ◽

Home And School

Background and Objectives: Obtaining a multi-informant perspective is important when assessing psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. Obtaining ratings from both parents and teachers also facilitates the evaluation of similarities and contrasts in the nature and severity of symptoms across home and school contexts. However, these informants may differ in their interpretations of observed behaviours, raising questions about the validity of comparing parents’ and teachers’ ratings. Methods: We evaluated the cross-informant measurement invariance of one of the most widely used measures of child and adolescent psychopathology: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Using data from the UK-population representative Millennium Cohort Study we evaluated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across parents and teachers at ages 7 (n=10,221) and 11 (n=10,543). Results: Scalar invariance held at both ages. Parents reported higher levels of symptoms in all domains measured at age 11 but higher prosociality. At age 7, parents reported higher levels of symptoms in some domains (conduct problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity), lower levels of symptoms in others (emotional problems, peer problems) and higher levels of prosociality.Conclusions: For a UK sample, valid comparisons of parent and teacher SDQ ratings at ages 7 and 11 appear to be possible, facilitating the evaluation of contextual differences in psychopathology expression.

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SDQ Developmental Invariance

10.31234/osf.io/zs6q5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aja Louise Murray ◽

Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽

Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽

Sara Valdebenito ◽

Claire Hughes

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Child Mental Health ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Peer Problems ◽

Gender Invariance ◽

Strengths And Difficulties ◽

Scalar Invariance ◽

And Gender ◽

Using Data ◽

Mixed Gender

Developmental invariance is important for making valid inferences about child development from longitudinal data; however, tests of it are rare. We tested developmental and gender invariance for one of the most widely used measures of child mental health: the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Using data from the large UK population-representative Millennium Cohort Study (N= 11,315; with data at ages 3,5,7,11 and 14) we tested configural, metric and scalar invariance in emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, prosociality, and peer problems. We found scalar invariance held for all SDQ constructs longitudinally and across gender. Our results support the use of the SDQ for modelling the development of child mental health and related impairments over childhood and adolescence in mixed gender samples.

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Analysing Dynamic Change in Children’s Socio-Emotional Development using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a large UK Longitudinal Study

10.31234/osf.io/wz9xc ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lydia Gabriela Speyer ◽

Anastasia Ushakova ◽

Hildigunnur Anna Hall ◽

Michelle Luciano ◽

Bonnie Auyeung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Conduct Problems ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽

Mental Health Issue ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Peer Problems ◽

Mental Health Difficulties ◽

Strengths And Difficulties

Background: Most mental health difficulties have their onset during childhood and adolescence. Many children who suffer from one mental health issue also suffer from at least one comorbid disorder. Autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals (ALT-SR) and multilevel graphical vector autoregression (GVAR) are recent complementary approaches that can help provide new insights into the reciprocal relationships between multiple mental health domains and advance the understanding of the development of comorbidities.Methods: This study uses ALT-SR and multilevel GVAR models to analyse the temporal, contemporaneous and between-person relationships between emotional problems, peer problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and prosociality as measured by the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 17,478 children taking part in the UK Millennium Cohort Study at ages 3, 5, 7, 11, 14 and 17 years. Results: Results from both the ALT-SR model and the multilevel GVAR model highlight that children’s strengths and difficulties in different domains of psychosocial functioning dynamically influence each other over- and within-time. The ALT-SR model highlighted that hyperactivity/inattention plays a central role in affecting other domains over developmental time while the GVAR model highlighted comparably strong bidirectional relationships between conduct problems and prosociality as well as between emotional problems and peer problems. Both models suggest that most domains are also related to each other over shorter timescales.Conclusion: This study highlights that mental health difficulties influence one another dynamically over time. As illustrated in the domains of the SDQ, these dynamic changes can be modelled using the complementary techniques of ALT-SR or GVAR models, each offering different insights into the nature of comorbidity.

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Is area deprivation associated with greater impacts of COVID-19 in care homes across England? A preliminary analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2020-215039 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jech-2020-215039 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anders Malthe Bach-Mortensen ◽

Michelle Degli Esposti

Keyword(s):

Negative Binomial ◽

Care Home ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Care Homes ◽

Future Research ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Binomial Regression ◽

Index Of Multiple Deprivation

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted care homes and vulnerable populations, exacerbating existing health inequalities. However, the role of area deprivation in shaping the impacts of COVID-19 in care homes is poorly understood. We examine whether area deprivation is linked to higher rates of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths among care home residents across upper tier local authorities in England (n=149).MethodsWe constructed a novel dataset from publicly available data. Using negative binomial regression models, we analysed the associations between area deprivation (Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) extent) as the exposure and COVID-19 outbreaks, COVID-19-related deaths and all-cause deaths among care home residents as three separate outcomes—adjusting for population characteristics (size, age composition, ethnicity).ResultsCOVID-19 outbreaks in care homes did not vary by area deprivation. However, COVID-19-related deaths were more common in the most deprived quartiles of IDAOPI (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47) and IMD extent (IRR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34), compared with the least deprived quartiles.DiscussionThese findings suggest that area deprivation is a key risk factor in COVID-19 deaths among care home residents. Future research should look to replicate these results when more complete data become available.

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The effect of childhood deprivation on weight status and mental health in childhood and adolescence: longitudinal findings from the Millennium Cohort Study

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdy139 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 456-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert J Noonan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Weight Status ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Millennium Cohort Study ◽

Strengths And Difficulties ◽

Childhood Deprivation

Abstract Background The study aims were to: (i) examine associations between deprivation at age 7 and health outcomes at age 7 and 14, (ii) determine whether a deprivation gradient to health outcomes exists at age 7 and 14, and (iii) assess the extent to which health outcomes at age 7 are associated with health outcomes at age 14. Methods Data were from wave four and six of the Millennium Cohort Study. Health outcome measures were weight status, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire measured mental health problems. Deprivation was determined using the 2004 English Indices of Multiple Deprivation. Adjusted logistic and multinomial logistic regressions were conducted. Results A total of 6109 children (1890 girls) had complete data. Overweight, obesity and mental health problems were greatest among children in the highest deprivation decile at age 7 and 14 (P < 0.001). Health outcomes at age 7 were significantly associated with health outcomes at age 14 (P < 0.001). Conclusions A marked social gradient to weight status and mental health was evident at age 7 and 14, and no evidence of equalization was found. Weight status and mental health in childhood is strongly associated with weight status and mental health in adolescence.

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Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083870 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3870

Author(s):

Mireia Sempere-Tortosa ◽

Francisco Fernández-Carrasco ◽

Ignasi Navarro-Soria ◽

Carlos Rizo-Maestre

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

The Body ◽

Social Adaptation ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Control Group ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Body Parts ◽

Psychological Processes ◽

Strengths And Difficulties

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common neuropsychological disorder in childhood and adolescence, affecting the basic psychological processes involved in learning, social adaptation and affective adjustment. From previous research, the disorder is linked to problems in different areas of development, with deficiencies in psychological processes leading to the development of the most common characteristics of the disorder such as inattention, excess of activity and lack of inhibitory control. As for the diagnosis, in spite of being a very frequent disorder, there are multiple controversies about which tools are the most suitable for evaluation. One of the most widespread tools in the professional field is behavior inventories such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires for Parents and Teachers or the ADHD Rating Scale-V. The main disadvantage of these assessment tools is that they do not provide an objective observation. For this reason, there are different studies focused on recording objective measures of the subjects’ movement, since hyperkinesia is one of the most characteristic symptoms of this disorder. In this sense, we have developed an application that, using a Kinect device, is capable of measuring the movement of the different parts of the body of up to six subjects in the classroom, being a natural context for the student. The main objective of this work is twofold, on the one hand, to investigate whether there are correlations between excessive movement and high scores in the inventories for the diagnosis of ADHD, Rating Scale-V and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and, on the other hand, to determine which sections of the body present the most significant mobility in subjects diagnosed with ADHD. Results show that the control group, composed of neurotypical subjects, presents less kinaesthetic activity than the clinical group diagnosed with ADHD. This indicates that the experimental group presents one of the main characteristics of the disorder. In addition, results also show that practically all the measured body parts present significant differences, being higher in the clinical group, highlighting the head as the joint with the highest effect size.

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Resilience and Poly-Victimization among Two Cohorts of Norwegian Youth

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15122852 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2852 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lihong Huang ◽

Svein Mossige

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Psychological Problems ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Cultural Resources ◽

Witnessing Violence ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Victims Of Violence ◽

Using Data ◽

Forms Of Violence

Previous research shows that there is a significant and positive relationship between being a victim of violence and experiencing high levels of psychological problems among young people. Conversely, resilience is negatively associated with psychological problems among young people in general, and this negative association is particularly strong among victims of violence. Our study examines resilience among young people (aged ≥ 18 years) who reported being victims of multiple forms of violence during childhood and adolescence using data from two national youth surveys administered in Norway in 2007 (N = 7033) and 2015 (N = 4531), respectively. We first compared the score of resilience, as measured by the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ), and the prevalence of poly-victimization, as identified by the number of young people in our study who were exposed to three of the four forms of violence (i.e., non-physical violence, witnessing violence against parents, physical violence, and sexual abuse). Second, we tested our hypothesis using our data and found that resilience—individuals’ capacity to handle adversity, as well as their use of social and cultural resources when facing adversity—moderates the association between poly-victimization and the onset of psychological problems.

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MIECZYSŁAW BIERNACKI – DOCTOR, FREEMASON, SOCIAL ACTIVIST

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202008131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (8) ◽

pp. 1756-1760

Author(s):

Waldemar Gniadek

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Social Economic ◽

Doctor Who ◽

Political Organizations ◽

Social Activist ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Education And Health ◽

Political Activist ◽

Managerial Positions

The article presents the life and work of dr. Mieczysław Biernacki, a Polish doctor of medicine, freemason, social, economic and political activist unknown to the younger generation of Polish doctors, who was born in 1862, Throughout his life, he actively worked to raise the level of education and health of Lublin’s inhabitants. He held managerial positions in numerous associations, economic institutions, local government and political organizations. Above all, he was a doctor who effectively fought against infectious diseases, venereal diseases and tuberculosis. As an editor and publicist, he took the floor by writing on medical, economic and literary subjects. He died in 1948, at the age of eighty-eight.

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Do alternative weighting approaches for an Index of Multiple Deprivation change the association with mortality? A sensitivity analysis from Germany

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028553 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e028553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Florian Schederecker ◽

Christoph Kurz ◽

Jon Fairburn ◽

Werner Maier

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Multiple Deprivation ◽

The Stability ◽

Weighting Procedures ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Index Of Multiple Deprivation

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of using different weighting procedures for the German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD) investigating their link to mortality rates.Design and settingIn addition to the original (normative) weighting of the GIMD domains, four alternative weighting approaches were applied: equal weighting, linear regression, maximization algorithm and factor analysis. Correlation analyses to quantify the association between the differently weighted GIMD versions and mortality based on district-level official data from Germany in 2010 were applied (n=412 districts).Outcome measuresTotal mortality (all age groups) and premature mortality (<65 years).ResultsAll correlations of the GIMD versions with both total and premature mortality were highly significant (p<0.001). The comparison of these associations using Williams’s t-test for paired correlations showed significant differences, which proved to be small in respect to absolute values of Spearman’s rho (total mortality: between 0.535 and 0.615; premature mortality: between 0.699 and 0.832).ConclusionsThe association between area deprivation and mortality proved to be stable, regardless of different weighting of the GIMD domains. The theory-based weighting of the GIMD should be maintained, due to the stability of the GIMD scores and the relationship to mortality.

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