scholarly journals Takis Zenetos’s Electronic Urbanism and Tele-Activities: Minimizing Transportation as Social Aspiration

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Marianna Charitonidou
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Home Office ◽  
The Social ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Takis Zenetos was enthusiastic about the idea of working from home, and believed that both architecture and urban planning should be reshaped in order to respond to this. He supported the design of special public spaces in residential units, aiming to accommodate the inhabitants during working hours. This article argues that Zenetos’s design for “Electronic Urbanism” was more prophetic, and more pragmatic, than his peers such as Archigram and Constant Nieuwenhuys. Despite the fact that they shared an optimism towards technological developments and megastructure, a main difference between Zenetos’s view and the perspectives of his peers is his rejection of a generalised enthusiasm concerning increasing mobility of people. In opposition with Archigram, Zenetos insisted in minimizing citizens’ mobility and supported the replacement of daily transport with the use advanced information technologies, using terms such as “tele-activity”. Zenetos was convinced that “Electronic Urbanism” would help citizens save the time that they normally used to commute to work, and would allow them to spend this time on more creative activities, at or near their homes. The main interest of “Electronic Urbanism” lies in the fact that it not only constitutes an artistic contribution to experimental architecture, but is also characterized by a new social vision, promising to resynchronize practices of daily life. An aspect that is also examined is the relationship of Zenetos’s ideas and those of the so-called Metabolists in the 1960s in Japan, including Kenzo Tange’s conception of megastructures. Zenetos’s thought is very topical considering the ongoing debates about the advanced information society, especially regarding the social concerns of surveillance, governance, and sovereignty within the context of Big Data. His conception of “tele-activities” provides a fertile terrain for reflecting on potential implications and insights concerning home-office conditions not only within the context of the current pandemic situation but beyond it as well.

scholarly journals Towards the Theory of the Naïve Art – Grgo Gamulin and the Understanding of Modernism

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-209
Author(s):  
Ivana Mance
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Art World ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the theory of naïve art of the Croatian art historian Grgo Gamulin (1910–1997), which he developed in a number of texts written from early 1960s. In his theory, Gamulin tried to explain the phenomenon of naïve art on the basis of the modernist paradigm by applying the type of argumentation that is characteristic for the discourse of high-modernity. Gamulin’s postulates on the naïve can be summarised with a few basic lines of speculation. First of all, Gamulin claims that the phenomenon of the naïve was epistemologically possible only in the context of modernism, and that it should therefore be considered an equally valuable movement of contemporary art. However, in order to defend its authenticity, he began adhering to the ab ovo theory, the notion that naïve art does not arise as a cumulative result of the historical development of art, but that it ontologically precedes that development. The naïve artist, according to Gamulin, always starts from the beginning, independent of events in the art world, and immune to influences. A naïve artist is therefore necessarily authentic, or rather original: not having any role models, he develops an individual style, independently building his own visual arts language. Gamulin further posits that the visual arts language of the naïve is not based on a naive imitation of reality, or mimesis, but on an instinctive, spontaneous symbolisation of subjective experience, and as such is completely autonomous in relation to the laws of reality, i.e. it is ontologically grounded in the artist’s imagination. Finally, in an effort to explain the social significance of naïve art, Gamulin interprets the emergence of the naïve in the context of the culture of modernism as compensation – a supposedly naïve attitude to aesthetic norms, as well as an imaginarium that evokes “lost spaces of childhood,” necessarily functions as a therapeutic substitute for the alienation of art and the modern life in general. As such, Gamulin’s theory vividly testifies to the character of naïve art as a phenomenon that is constitutive of the culture of modernism, but that also reflects a number of contemporary polemics and split opinions, not only on the topic of the naïve but of modernism as a whole. The split of opinions on naïve art, especially with regard to its genesis, partly reflects the positions of the so-called conflict on the left, discussions that were taking place between the interwar period and early 1950s with the aim of defining the relationship of leftist ideology to modernism, or rather the relationship between the values of socially-critical engagement and aesthetic autonomy. The discussion on the naïve, however, experienced a certain changing of sides– Grgo Gamulin, a one-time advocate for socialist realism, began supporting naïve art and thus rose to the defence of basically liberal understanding of modernism, while former opponents of socialist realism denounced the phenomenon of the naïve as ideologically inconsistent and aesthetically doctored. In conclusion, Gamulin’s theory, as well as the entire polemic around naïve art that was taking place during the 1960s and which the theory necessarily ties in with, demonstrates the complex contextual reality of a seemingly integral modernist paradigm, illustrating the confrontation of positions that is by no means peculiar to Yugoslav society.

The Reconceptualisation of social work in Chile and Argentina: the centrality of the profession’s relationship with social struggles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Marro ◽  
María Lucia Duriguetto ◽  
Alexander Panez ◽  
Víctor Orellana
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Context ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article addresses the relationship of social work with the movements and processes of popular organisation in Chile and Argentina in the context of the Latin American Reconceptualisation movement in the 1960s and 1970s. We will analyse the current context of the class struggle in these countries and the relationship that was established between social work and the social organisations and movements of the subaltern classes. Our hypothesis is that the relationship between the profession and the struggles developed by the subaltern classes, in their peculiarities in Chile and Argentina, was the central mediation for social work to question its social function in the reproduction of social relations and, as a result, erode its traditionalist and conservative bases.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

STAGES IN SOCIAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Preslava Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Society ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The social policy of a country is a set of specific activities aimed at regulating the social relations between different in their social status subjects. This approach to clarifying social policy is also called functional and essentially addresses social policy as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality in society. It provides an opportunity to look for inequalities in the economic positions of individuals in relation to ownership, labor and working conditions, distribution of income and consumption, social security and health, to look for the sources of these inequalities and their social justification or undue application.The modern state takes on social functions that seek to regulate imbalances, to protect weak social positions and prevent the disintegration of the social system. It regulates the processes in society by harmonizing interests and opposing marginalization. Every modern country develops social activities that reflect the specifics of a particular society, correspond to its economic, political and cultural status. They are the result of political decisions aimed at directing and regulating the process of adaptation of the national society to the transformations of the market environment. Social policy is at the heart of the development and governance of each country. Despite the fact that too many factors and problems affect it, it largely determines the physical and mental state of the population as well as the relationships and interrelationships between people. On the other hand, social policy allows for a more global study and solving of vital social problems of civil society. On the basis of the programs and actions of political parties and state bodies, the guidelines for the development of society are outlined. Social policy should be seen as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality between different individuals and social groups in society. Its importance is determined by the possibility of establishing on the basis of the complex approach: the economic positions of the different social groups and individuals, by determining the differences between them in terms of income, consumption, working conditions, health, etc .; to explain the causes of inequality; to look for concrete and specific measures to overcome the emerging social disparities.

Study of Consumer Brand Following Intention on Instagram

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Simran Kaur Madan ◽  
Payal S. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Consumer Motivation ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Consumer Skepticism ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The research, based on uses and gratifications theory, identifies consumer motivation and factors that influence consumers' intention to follow brands on the social media platform of Instagram. Accordingly, this study empirically examines the role of need for self-enhancement, the need for entertainment, and deal-seeking behaviour on the intention to follow brands on Instagram. Further, the study investigates the mediation of social media usage behaviour for consumption decisions on eliciting brand following behaviour. Moderation of consumer skepticism on the relationship of deal-seeking behaviour, and intention to follow brands is also investigated. Findings reveal a significant direct effect of need for self-enhancement, need for entertainment, and deal-seeking behaviour on intention to follow brands. Indirect effect of social media usage behaviour for consumption decisions was also significant; however, moderation of consumer skepticism was not found to be significant. The study will help marketers create engaging content that enables consumer-brand interactions.

HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN KOMPUTER DENGAN KEJADIAN NYERI KEPALA TIPE TEGANG PADA PEKERJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Suryanti Suryanti ◽  
Andi Ipaljri
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tension Headaches ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Tension Type Headaches ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the current era of globalization, humans always interact with technological developments. One result of the development of technology is the use of computers. The use of computers that are not under the ergonomic position causes effects on health, one of them is tension-type headaches. In the United States, 1-4% of patients coming to the Emergency Care Unit complain of headache, 90% of them are tension-type headaches. The proportion of migraine and other headache syndromes in the hospital. Harapan Bunda in 2011 and RS. Camatha Sahidya in Batam in Batam was 5% and 0.7% respectively. Whereas the incidence of tension headaches in 5 puskesmas in Batam in 2014 ranged from 0.5% - 1.3%. The proportion of tension headaches at the BIP Clinic in the January-April 2018 period is 1.5%. Tension-type headaches that occur continuously can cause barriers to daily activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of computer use with the incidence of tension-type headaches in workers. This research uses a descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Of 97 respondents who visited the clinical BIP that met the criteria, it was found that computer user respondents experienced tension-type headaches of 18 people (42.9%) and not tension-type headaches of 24 people (57.1%). Whereas the respondents who were not computer users experienced tension-type headaches of 10 people (18.2%), and non-tension-type headaches of 45 people (81.8%). Bivariate chi-square analysis showed that p = 0.008 (p <0.05). This means that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

O początkach wychowania seksualnego w Polsce i kontestacji młodzieżowej na Zachodzie – zapis ostatniego wywiadu z Profesorem Andrzejem Jaczewskim

2021 ◽  
pp. 188-205
Author(s):  
Julia Stępniewska ◽  
Piotr Zańko ◽  
Adam Fijałkowski
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Auxiliary Function ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

In this text, we ask about the relationship between sexual education in Poland in the 1960s and 1970s with the cultural contestation and the moral (including sexual) revolution in the West as seen through the eyes of Prof. Andrzej Jaczewski (1929–2020) – educationalist, who for many years in 1970s and 1980s conducted seminars at the University of Cologne, pediatrician, sexologist, one of the pioneers of sexual education in Poland. The movie “Sztuka kochania. Historia Michaliny Wisłockiej” (“The Art of Love. The Story of Michalina Wisłocka” [1921–2005]), directed in 2017 by Maria Sadowska, was the impulse for our interview. After watching it, we discovered that the counter-cultural background of the West in the 1960s and 1970s was completely absent both in the aforementioned film and in the discourse of Polish sex education at that time. Moreover, Andrzej Jaczewski’s statement (July 2020) indicates that the Polish concept of sexual education in the 1960s and 1970s did not arise under the influence of the social and moral revolution in the West at the same time, and its originality lay in the fact that it was dealt with by professional doctors-specialists. We put Andrzej Jaczewski’s voice in the spotlight. Our voice is usually muted in this text, it is more of an auxiliary function (Chase, 2009). Each of the readers may impose their own interpretative filter on the story presented here.

Fire, people and ecosystem change in Pleistocene Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1960s, Australian scientists have speculated on the impact of human arrival on fire regimes in Australia, and on the relationship of landscape fire to extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Australia. These speculations have produced a series of contrasting hypotheses that can now be tested using evidence collected over the past two decades. In the present paper, I summarise those hypotheses and review that evidence. The main conclusions of this are that (1) the effects of people on fire regimes in the Pleistocene were modest at the continental scale, and difficult to distinguish from climatic controls on fire, (2) the arrival of people triggered extinction of Australia’s megafauna, but fire had little or no role in the extinction of those animals, which was probably due primarily to hunting and (3) megafaunal extinction is likely to have caused a cascade of changes that included increased fire, but only in some environments. We do not yet understand what environmental factors controlled the strength and nature of cascading effects of megafaunal extinction. This is an important topic for future research.

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