Train the Trainer Effectiveness Trials of Behavioral Intervention for Individuals With Autism: A Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Yoshiko Shire ◽  
Connie Kasari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Effectiveness Trials

Abstract This systematic review examines train the trainer (TTT) effectiveness trials of behavioral interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Published methodological quality scales were used to assess studies including participant description, research design, intervention, outcomes, and analysis. Twelve studies including 9 weak quality quasi-experimental studies, 2 single-subject experimental design studies of moderate and weak quality, and 1 high quality randomized control trial were included. Overall, author reported effect sizes and calculation of improvement rate difference for SSRDs indicate positive effects of intervention across participant outcomes including cognition, language, and autism symptoms postcommunity delivered interventions primarily based in applied behavior analysis. Effects varied by children's developmental level.

scholarly journals Relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pesticides: A Systematic Review of Human and Preclinical Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5190
Author(s):  
Judit Biosca-Brull ◽  
Cristian Pérez-Fernández ◽  
Santiago Mora ◽  
Beatriz Carrillo ◽  
Helena Pinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Gestational Exposure

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex set of neurodevelopmental pathologies characterized by impoverished social and communicative abilities and stereotyped behaviors. Although its genetic basis is unquestionable, the involvement of environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides has also been proposed. Despite the systematic analyses of this relationship in humans, there are no specific reviews including both human and preclinical models. The present systematic review summarizes, analyzes, and discusses recent advances in preclinical and epidemiological studies. We included 45 human and 16 preclinical studies. These studies focused on Organophosphates (OP), Organochlorine (OC), Pyrethroid (PT), Neonicotinoid (NN), Carbamate (CM), and mixed exposures. Preclinical studies, where the OP Chlorpyrifos (CPF) compound is the one most studied, pointed to an association between gestational exposure and increased ASD-like behaviors, although the data are inconclusive with regard to other ages or pesticides. Studies in humans focused on prenatal exposure to OP and OC agents, and report cognitive and behavioral alterations related to ASD symptomatology. The results of both suggest that gestational exposure to certain OP agents could be linked to the clinical signs of ASD. Future experimental studies should focus on extending the analysis of ASD-like behaviors in preclinical models and include exposure patterns similar to those observed in human studies.

scholarly journals ABA Based Intervention Implemented by a Mother of a Child with ASD

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Migen Sulaj
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Core Symptoms

Over the past 15 years there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of autism. In 2014 the American Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network reported estimated prevalence rates for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to be 1 in 68. At the same time, the number of professionals qualified to coordinate effective behavioral interventions has been limited and often prohibitively expensive. Several recent studies that include randomized trials have shown very promising results for involving parents of very young children with autism to integrate evidence-based strategies into daily routines with positive effects on core symptoms of the disorder. The present article shows that additional to staff treatment outcomes, positive treatment outcomes provided by parent involved in therapy are possible. The purpose of this case study article is to promote parent involvement in early intervention programs for children with autism. The objective is to open a new discussion on potential ways for better treatment outcomes hoping to propose a more economic model for a poor country like Albania.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Effectiveness of Physical Therapy in Enhancing Postural Control in Children With Cerebral Palsy

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Harris ◽  
Lori Roxborough
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

The purpose of this article was to conduct a systematic review of studies that examined the efficacy and effectiveness of postural control intervention strategies for children with CP. Only physical therapy interventions were included, e.g. adaptive seating devices, ankle foot orthoses, neurodevelopmental treatment. A multifaceted search strategy was employed to identify all potential studies published between 1990 and 2004. The search strategy included electronic databases, reference list scanning, author and citation tracking of relevant studies, and hand searching of pediatric physical therapy journals and conference proceedings. Twelve studies (1991–2004), comprising ten group design studies and two single subject studies, met our inclusion criteria. A variety of age ranges and severity of children with cerebral palsy (n = 132) participated in the studies. The study quality scores ranged from 2 to 7 (total possible range of 0 to 7) with a median score of 5.5 and a mode of 6. As was true in an earlier systematic review on adaptive seating, most of the 12 ‘experimental’ studies published since 1990 that were aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of postural control strategies provided lower levels of evidence, i.e. Sackett Levels III to V. Additional studies with stronger designs are needed to establish that postural control interventions for children with CP are effective.

scholarly journals Interventions to modify physical activity in patients with COPD: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Cruz Mantoani ◽  
Noah Rubio ◽  
Brian McKinstry ◽  
William MacNee ◽  
Roberto A. Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Copd Patients

The broad range of interventions to increase physical activity (PA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been systematically assessed. We aimed to perform a systematic review of the interventional studies that have assessed PA as an outcome in patients with COPD.A systematic search in five different databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science) was performed in March 2015. Two independent reviewers analysed the studies against the inclusion criteria (COPD defined by spirometry; prospective, randomised/nonrandomised studies, cohort and experimental studies with interventions using PA as an outcome), extracted the data and assessed the quality of evidence.60 studies were included. Seven intervention groups were identified. PA counselling increased PA levels in COPD, especially when combined with coaching. 13 studies showed positive effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on PA, while seven studies showed no changes. All three PR programmes >12 weeks in duration increased PA. Overall, the quality of evidence was graded as very low.Interventions focusing specifically on increasing PA, and longer PR programmes, may have greater impacts on PA in COPD. Well-designed clinical trials with objective assessment of PA in COPD patients are needed.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Music and Food Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2571
Author(s):  
Tianxiang Cui ◽  
Jiaxuan Xi ◽  
Chanyuan Tang ◽  
Jianwen Song ◽  
Jinbo He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
The Relationship

Food intake has been shown to be related to several environmental factors including the presence of music. However, previous findings of the relationship between music and food intake are inconsistent. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively review the extent to which music is associated with food intake as well as to investigate potential moderators that might have contributed to the heterogeneity of the existing findings. Literature was searched on four databases (i.e., PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) and Google Scholar. Nine articles published from 1989 to 2020 met our inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was carried out via a three-level random-effects model. The overall effect size (i.e., Hedges’ g) was 0.19 (95% Confidence Interval: −0.003, 0.386; SE = 0.10, t = 1.99, p = 0.054), indicating a marginally significant but small effect size. Body Mass Index (F(1, 21) = 5.11, p = 0.035) was found to significantly contribute to the heterogeneity of effect sizes, with larger positive effects of music on food intake for individuals with higher BMI. However, music-related features did not significantly moderate the relationship between music and food intake. More experimental studies are needed to update the current meta-analysis and get a better understanding of this topic.

scholarly journals Community interventions with women’s groups to improve women’s and children’s health in India: a mixed-methods systematic review of effects, enablers and barriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e003304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Desai ◽  
Madhavi Misra ◽  
Aikantika Das ◽  
Roopal Jyoti Singh ◽  
Mrignyani Sehgal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Community Interventions ◽  
Women's Groups ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Women’S Groups

IntroductionIndia is home to over 6 million women’s groups, including self-help groups. There has been no evidence synthesis on whether and how such groups improve women’s and children’s health.MethodsWe did a mixed-methods systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies on women’s groups in India to examine effects on women and children’s health and to identify enablers and barriers to achieving outcomes. We searched 10 databases and included studies published in English from 2000 to 2019 measuring health knowledge, behaviours or outcomes. Our study population included adult women and children under 5 years. We appraised studies using standard risk of bias assessments. We compared intervention effects by level of community participation, scope of capability strengthening (individual, group or community), type of women’s group and social and behaviour change techniques employed. We synthesised quantitative and qualitative studies to identify barriers and enablers related to context, intervention design and implementation, and outcome characteristics.FindingsWe screened 21 380 studies and included 99: 19 randomised controlled trial reports, 25 quasi-experimental study reports and 55 non-experimental studies (27 quantitative and 28 qualitative). Experimental studies provided moderate-quality evidence that health interventions with women’s groups can improve perinatal practices, neonatal survival, immunisation rates and women’s and children’s dietary diversity, and help control vector-borne diseases. Evidence of positive effects was strongest for community mobilisation interventions that built communities’ capabilities and went beyond sharing information. Key enablers were inclusion of vulnerable community members, outcomes that could be reasonably expected to change through community interventions and intensity proportionate to ambition. Barriers included limited time or focus on health, outcomes not relevant to group members and health system constraints.ConclusionInterventions with women’s groups can improve women’s and children’s health in India. The most effective interventions go beyond using groups to disseminate health information and seek to build communities’ capabilities.Trial registration numberThe review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019130633.

scholarly journals Robot-Mediated Interventions to Enhance Communication and Social Abilities of Children and Youth with Disabilities: a Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyeon Park ◽  
Ye Eun Baek ◽  
Bo Lyeong Lim ◽  
Heeseon Ko
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Youth With Disabilities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Abilities

Objectives: The current paper presents a review of the literature discussing the trends in research that conducted robot-mediated interventions to enhance communication and social abilities of children and youth with disabilities. Method: Thirty-two dissertation or research articles published after 2000 were selected and divided into thematic categories for analysis, including participants, setting, research method, characteristics of robot-mediated interventions, roles of robots, and the results of studies. Results: First, the research most frequently focused on children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Second, most of the research was conducted in educational settings. Third, most research used quantitative research design, in particular a single-subject research design method was the most common. Fourth, in most of the research humanoid robots assisted the intervention, acting as an interaction partner of participants and as an instrumental medium to prompt the participants to demonstrate desirable behavior. Finally, most studies reported positive effects of robot-mediated intervention in the communication and social abilities of children and youth with disabilities. Conclusion: The paper provides the outcomes and limitations of robot-mediated interventions for children and youth with disabilities and the implications for future research.

scholarly journals Effects of Anthocyanin on Intestinal Health: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
Thaísa Agrizzi Verediano ◽  
Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino ◽  
Maria Cristina Dias Paes ◽  
Elad Tako
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Intestinal health relies on the association between the mucosal immune system, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota. Bioactive components that affect the gut microbiota composition, epithelial physical barrier and intestinal morphology were previously studied. The current systematic review evaluated evidence of anthocyanin effects and the ability to improve gut microbiota composition, their metabolites and parameters of the physical barrier; this was conducted in order to answer the question: “Does food source or extract of anthocyanin promote changes on intestinal parameters?”. The data analysis was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines with the search performed at PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus databases for experimental studies, and the risk of bias was assessed by the SYRCLE tool. Twenty-seven studies performed in animal models were included, and evaluated for limitations in heterogeneity, methodologies, absence of information regarding allocation process and investigators’ blinding. The data were analyzed, and the anthocyanin supplementation demonstrated positive effects on intestinal health. The main results identified were an increase of Bacteroidetes and a decrease of Firmicutes, an increase of short chain fatty acids production, a decrease of intestinal pH and intestinal permeability, an increase of the number of goblet cells and tight junction proteins and villi improvement in length or height. Thus, the anthocyanin supplementation has a potential effect to improve the intestinal health. PROSPERO (CRD42020204835).

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