Contemporaneous Comparative Corpora and Historical Linguistic Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-109
Author(s):  
Jonathan Owens
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic

INOVASI FONOLOGIS DENASALISASI DALAM ISOLEK BONAI ULAKPATIAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Yanti Riswara
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Research Findings

The paper is aimed at describing a language variation, that is Ulakpatian Bonai isolect  in Riau Province. This is a kind of historical linguistic study which  is objected to describe a phonological inovation process of denasalisation among nasal phonemes at final positions or at close ultimate sillables in an isolect used by Bonai tribe in Ulakpatian, Rokan Hulu District,  Riau  Province.  Analysis  of  inavation is based on protomalayic (PM)  which  is reconstructed by Adelaar.The research applicates  top-down method of anaysis which are gaining  the  results by deductive process. Data of  this  research are oral  speech of Bonai people  based  on  200  Swadesh  words.  The  data  are  gathered  by  conversational  and listening  methods  which  applied  several  techniques.  The  results  of  the  analysis  are presented by formal and informal methods. The research findings reveal that the language of the tribe shows three kinds of denasalisation of phonological innovation at final position which  have  changed  the  nasal  phonemes  of  *PM  to  unnasal  ones  in  isolek  Bonai Ulakpatian: (*PM > BU) , i.e. 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.Abstrak  Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sebuah variasi bahasa, yaitu isolek Bonai Ulakpatian yang terdapat di Provinsi Riau. Kajian ini merupakan kajian linguistik historis yang memaparkan proses inovasi fonologis denasalisasi yang terjadi pada fonem-fonem nasal yang berada pada posisi akhir atau silabe ultima tertutup dalam sebuah isolek yang digunakan oleh suku Bonai di Desa Ulakpatian, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Analisis inovasi fonologis tersebut didasarkan pada protomalayik (PM) yang direkonstruksi oleh Adelaar. Kajian ini menerapkan mentode analisis top-down yang bersifat deduktif. Data penelitian merupakan data tuturan masyarakat suku Bonai yang mengacu pada 200 kosakata dasar yang dijadikan rujukan dalam penjaringan data kebahasaan. Data dikumpulkan dengan penerapan metode cakap dan metode simak dengan menggunakan teknik pancing dan teknik rekam. Data dideskripsikan secara fonetis dengan simbol IPA. Hasil penelitian disajikan dengan metode formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolek Bonai Ulakpatian memiliki tiga bentuk inovasi fonologis denasalisasi pada posisi akhir beberapa fonem nasal *PM menjadi taknasal pada isolek BU (*PM > BU) , yaitu 1) PM *n/-# > []/-#, 2) PM *m/-# > [p]/-#, dan 3) PM * /-# > [g]/-#.

SOCIALIZATION OF US NOVICE ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONALS THROUGH ETHICAL DISCOURSE IN 1931

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Professional Self

This study applies a qualitative analysis of Fogarty's [1992] application of institutional theory to an individual's socialization in the American public accountancy profession in an historical context. The Ethics of the Profession, a book published by the American Institute of Accountants (AIA) in 1931, is examined to identify the normative, mimetic, and coercive socialization mechanisms embedded within. Both informal and formal code-based ethical discourse is contained in the book. This reflects the AIA's status as one of two competing national professional organizations and the only organization with a promulgated code of conduct. The results indicate use of embedded historical linguistic terms to delineate professional self-image and use of normative and mimetic socialization mechanisms in this effort to instill professional ideals into new entrants to the profession.

How to use typological databases in historical linguistic research

Diachronica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Wichmann ◽  
Arpiar Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Native American ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Native American Languages ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Heuristic Procedures ◽  
The Stability

Several databases have been compiled with the aim of documenting the distribution of typological features across the world’s languages. This paper looks at ways of utilizing this type of data for making inferences concerning genealogical relationships by using phylogenetic algorithms originally developed for biologists. The focus is on methodology, including how to assess the stability of individual typological features and the suitability of different phylogenetic algorithms, as well as ways to enhance phylogenetic signals and heuristic procedures for identifying genealogical relationships. The various issues are illustrated by a small sample of empirical data from a set of Native American languages.

The origin of the phonetic value of the Anatolian hieroglyphic sign *41 (CAPERE/tà)

Kadmos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Alwin Kloekhorst
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Present Article ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Phonetic Value

Abstract Following Rieken’s 2008 establishment that the Anatolian hieroglyphic sign *41 (CAPERE/ta) denoted the syllable /da/, with lenis /d/, Yakubovich (2008) argued that the sign’s phonetic value was acrophonically derived from the Hittite verb dā-i/d- ‘to take’. In the present article it is argued that this view can no longer be upheld in view of new proposals regarding the phonetic value of sign *41 (rather [da]) and the interpretation of Hitt. dā-i/d- (rather [tʔā-]). It is proposed that the value of sign *41 has instead been derived from the Luwian verb ‘to take’, lā-i/l-, which from a historical linguistic perspective must go back to earlier *.ā-i/ *.-. This acrophonic assignment of the value [da] to sign *41 must then be dated to the beginning of the 18th century BCE at the latest, which implies that already by that time the Anatolian hieroglyphs were in use as a real script that made use of phonetic signs.

scholarly journals 中國古代「詩用」語境中的「多重性讀者」

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (35) ◽  
pp. 001-044
Author(s):  
顏崑陽 顏崑陽
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
May Fourth Movement ◽  
Fourth Movement ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Art For Art's Sake ◽  
True Intention

<p>「五四」以降，學者普遍抱持著「為藝術而藝術」的「純文學」觀念，以詮釋、批判中國古代文學。這全是新知識分子反儒家傳統之文化意識型態的投射，不合中國古代文學的「動態性歷史語境」。其實，中國古代士人階層的生活中，詩無所不在，乃是他們社會文化行為所使用既普遍又特殊的言語形式，可稱它為「詩用」；因此本人從而系統化的建構「中國詩用學」。本論文題為〈中國古代「詩用」語境中的「多重性讀者」〉，就是在這一「詩用學」的理論基礎上，深入而全面探討中國古代在「詩用」語境中的「多重性讀者」，以及由此所獲致的文本「意義詮釋」，尤其「作者本意」之詮釋如何可能?更是重要問題。這個論點可以對顯現當代很多學者詮釋古代詩歌，由於缺乏「動態性歷史語境」的觀念，往往將文本從此一語境抽離出來，只做靜態性的詮釋，故而誤以為當代讀者是唯一的讀者，完全不了解在漫長的文本傳播過程中，實歷經多重性的讀者；因此，文本意義的詮釋也被現當代學者所簡化了。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>After the May-Fourth Movement, &quot;art for art’s sake&quot; was a &quot;pure literature&quot; concept popular among scholars who interpreted and criticized classic Chinese literature based on this idea. Such a phenomenon was purely an ideological projection of anti-Confucianism by the new intellects, which failed to comply with the &quot;dynamic historical linguistic context&quot; of ancient Chinese literature. In fact, poetry was ubiquitous in the daily life of ancient Chinese intellects. Poetry was the common but unique language form, dubbed as &quot;the use of poetry&quot; as used by literati in sociocultural settings. I, therefore, construct the &quot;the use of Chinese poetry theory&quot; systematically. It is on the basis of the &quot;use of poetry&quot; theory that &quot; ’Readers of plural identifications’ in the linguistic context of ’the use of poetry’ &quot; of the ancient Chinese discusses extensively and profoundly on the &quot;readers of plural identifications&quot; and the &quot;interpretation of meanings&quot; retrieved from the texts, particularly the possibility of the interpretation of the &quot;author’s true intention,&quot; which is the most important issue. The viewpoint may manifest the simplified interpretation of meanings by contemporary scholars due to their lack of the concept of &quot;dynamic historical linguistic context&quot;; as a result, contemporary scholars tend to estrange the text from its linguistic context and make static interpretations, mistaking contemporary readers as the only readers. They fail to understand that during the long process of dissemination, the texts have experienced readers of plural identifications.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN LINGUO-FOLKLORE STUDIES: THEIR HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, AND PERSPECTIVES

Movoznavstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 320 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
N. O.  DANYLІUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Object A ◽  
Current State ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Educational Course

The article is devoted to the evolution, present state and perspectives of development of the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies that are conducted by Sv. Yеrmolenko, N. Zhuravliova, A. Moisiienko, T. Betsenko, Y. Diadyshcheva-Rosovetska, N. Kolesnyk, R. Serdeha and others. The main aspects of the analysis of the language of the Ukrainian folk poetic texts of the period from the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century were considered. They are historical linguistic, linguo-stylistic, linguo-didactic, linguo-cultural, ethnolinguistic, linguo-conceptual, linguo-semiotic. Two stages in the development of linguo-folklore studies were distinguished: 1) 60s — 80s of the 20th c., and 2) 90s of the 20th c. — the early 21st c. It was pointed out that the Ukrainian linguo-folklore studies had already evolved into a separate branch of philology and an educational course with its own object (a linguostructural, artistic-figurative organization of folkloristic texts of various genres, peculiar features of a folkloristic style formation), and subject of research, tasks and trends. There were mentioned the present day approaches to the analysis of folk poetic texts, being based on the language layers (folklore stylistics of language units), language expressive means (folklore stylistics of language expressive means), genres (folklore stylistics of genres) and separate parts of linguistics. The following perspectives of the linguo-folklore studies were defined: the analysis of understudied language units and figurative means, used in the texts of various genres (not only the traditional but new ones as well), development of a folklore lexicography, folklore dialectology, folklore linguo-cognitology, folklore linguosemiotics, folklore communication, linguo-genderology, contrastive linguo-folklore studies, and other trends, as well as a wider application of modern systems of an automatic analysis of texts, dictionaries’ compilation, and data creation.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN BUNYI BAHASA PROTO AUSTRONESIA KE DALAM BAHASA JAWA DIALEK SUMATERA (KAJIAN LINGUISTIK HISTORIS KOMPARATIF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Fahmi Anggia Rizqi ◽  
Dwi Widayati
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic

  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berkaitan tentang kajian linguistik historis komparatif yang membahas tipe-tipe perubahan bunyi dari Bahasa Proto-Austronesia ke dalam Bahasa Jawa Dialek Sumatera. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Sumber data didapatkan dari informan yang merupakan penutur asli bahasa Jawa Dialek Sumatera. Kosakata yang diambil dari rekaman penutur adalah yang terdaftar di daftar swadesh. Pada perubahan bunyi bahasa proto Austronesia ke dalam Bahasa Jawa Dialek Sumatera berdasarkan posisi bunyi hanya ada enam perubahan dari tujuh perubahan yaitu metatesis, afresis, sinkop, apokop, protesis dan paragog.   Kata kunci: Comparative Historical Linguistic  

Mycenaean e-pi-ko-wo and alphabetic Greek ἐπίκουρος revisited

Kadmos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-88
Author(s):  
Kyle Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Epic Tradition ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Full Study ◽  
Linear B

Abstract This paper revisits the etymology of Greek ἐπίκουρος, which for over a century has been analyzed as a compound of ἐπί and an otherwise non-extant verbal root *κορσο-, from an Indo-European root familiar in Latin currō ‘run’. After reviewing the linguistic, epigraphic, and philological evidence, I conclude that this etymology is untenable. From here I turn to the Linear B data and demonstrate that the e-pi-ko-wo of the Pylian o-ka texts (ca. 1200 B.C.) should be interpreted as /epikor woi/; this presents us with the linguistic antecedent of ἐπί- κουρος, which should be etymologized as a prepositional Rektionskompositum, where ἐπί governs κόρϝος (‘he who is in close proximity to the κόρϝος (warrior)’ / ‘he who is attached to/accompanying the warriors’). Early in the Archaic period, this older Mycenaean term was replaced by a new coinage - σύμμαχος - which more appropriately described a military relationship binding one Greek polis to another. These conclusions are supported by early epic usage, historical linguistic analysis, and a full study of the Linear B texts in question. This new etymology has stimulating archaeological correlates and exemplifies the importance and broad applications of the Linear B texts for the reconstruction of Greek prehistory and society and our understanding of the epic tradition

Intorno a Boccaccio / Boccaccio e dintorni 2019

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
International Study ◽  
Giovanni Boccaccio ◽  
Scientific Committee ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
National Organization ◽  
Future Developments

The volume Intorno a Boccaccio / Boccaccio and surroundings 2019 was born from the international study seminar that took place in Certaldo Alta, in the House of Giovanni Boccaccio, on 12 and 13 September 2019. The Seminar, now in its sixth edition, is proposed as one of the most solid and significant appointments in the activity of the Giovanni Boccaccio National Organization, and as one of the events that best characterizes its mission. Created to give a voice particularly to young scholars, over the years it has become an important appointment for presenting and discussing research in progress or just concluded, and always open to future developments. With this volume, which includes essays particularly focused on philological, literary, historical-linguistic and lexicographic aspects, a series led by an authoritative Scientific Committee is inaugurated.

The Identification of Postexilic Material in the Pentateuch

2021 ◽  
pp. 344-360
Author(s):  
Rainer Albertz
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Historical Evidence

Without archaeological or paleographical means to determine the date of texts from the Pentateuch, scholarship relies on historical, linguistic, and literary-historical evidence to place pentateuchal materials in their compositional contexts. Under these three headings, this essay presents the evidence for texts originating in the postexilic period, and argues that there is considerably more of it than has traditionally been identified.

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