By Steppe, Desert, and Ocean: The Birth of Eurasia by Barry Cunliffe, and: Hinterlands and Commodities: Place, Space, Time and the Political Economic Development of Asia over the Long Eighteenth Century ed. by Tsukaya Mizushima, George Souza, and Dennis Flynn, and: Merchant Communities in Asia, 1600–1800 ed. by Lin Yu-Ju and Madeline Zelin, and: The Age of Trade: The Manila Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy by Arturo Giraldez, and: Spain, China and Japan in Manila, 1571–1644: Local Comparisons

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-735
Author(s):  
Eric Tagliacozzo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Political ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Economic

scholarly journals The education skills trap in a dependent market economy. Romania’s case in the 2000s

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Tarlea ◽  
Annette Freyberg-Inan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Empirical Insight

We discuss the political economic development of Romania since 1989, with a focus on the evolution of higher education (HE). First, we place this evolution in the context of demand for HE by prospective students and employers, focusing on the low demand for skills in the MNC-dominated Romanian economy. Second, we provide empirical insight on indicators of quality, enrolment, and funding as key features of the HE system. We argue that Romania has evolved into a dependent market economy entrenched in a low-skills equilibrium, and that the weakness of the HE system is a key element in this process.

Humane Markets

2019 ◽  
pp. 293-315
Author(s):  
James R. Otteson
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Moral Concern ◽  
Commercial Society ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Political Economic

Markets are often criticized for being amoral, if not immoral. The core of the “political economy” that arose in the eighteenth century, however, envisioned the exchanges that take place in commercial society as neither amoral nor immoral but indeed deeply humane. The claim of the early political economists was that transactions in markets fulfilled two separate but related moral mandates: they lead to increasing prosperity, which addressed their primary “economic” concern of raising the estates of the poor; and they model proper relations among people, which addressed their primary “moral” concern of granting a respect to all, including the least among us. They attempted to capture a vision of human dignity within political-economic institutions that enabled people to improve their stations. Their arguments thus did not bracket out judgments of value: they integrated judgments of value into their foundations and built their political economy on that basis.

Merchant Courts, Arbitration, and the Politics of Commercial Litigation in the Eighteenth-Century British Empire

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. Burset
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
British Empire ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Merchant

John Locke worried that the common law was bad for business. Although he recognized the political importance of common law institutions such as juries, he also thought that the cumbersome procedures of English courts might hamper economic development in England and its colonies. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, which Locke helped draft in 1669, tried to reconcile these competing political and economic concerns. Although the Constitutions guaranteed “Freemen” a right to trial by jury, the document also provided for specialized judges in port towns to “try cases belonging to [the] law-merchant.” These commercial judges would allow merchants to settle their disputes “as shall be most convenient for trade,” rather than by the expensive formality of the common law.

scholarly journals Beijing Subway and the Political and Economic Development of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Yixiao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Xinhua News Agency ◽  
The World ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Beijing Subway

This research paper analyses the main purposes the Beijing subway system, which served from 1969 to now as a tool of political defense as well as a transportation system. The notion to construct the system arose in 1953, but the first section of today’s Line 1 did not open until September 1969.  Today, the Beijing subway system is the world’s busiest in terms of annual ridership and the world’s second longest subway system, ranking only behind Shanghai’s. (Xinhua News Agency, 2017, http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-12/30/c_1122188643.htm.) The political and economic development and trends in China in the second half of 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, such as the Cultural Revolution and the 2008 Olympics, affected the subway system’s development greatly. This paper examines Chinese documents with the aim of providing a general understanding of the development and purpose of the Beijing system, through political, economic and technical analysis, among others, of its history. There exists almost no document, ¬¬either in English or Chinese, that analyzes the development of Beijing’s subway system. However, this topic should be considered important, as it provides an alternative way of viewing the development of China and its governing principles throughout its late-20th century and current-day history.

scholarly journals “Being fat is not a disease but a sign of good living”: The Political Economy of Overweight and Obesity in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Tolulope Osayomi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Good Living ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Increasing overweight and obesity rates have accompanied economic development in recent years. This twofold health issue has become increasingly worrisome and is currently receiving academic interest and government attention.  A growing volume of studies has examined the demographic, socio economic, environmental and cultural risk factors of overweight and obesity in Nigeria where fatness is culturally revered. However, information on large scale factors associated with economic development shaping the geographical distribution of overweight and obesity is sparse. From the political economic standpoint, the central question of this paper is: ‘Does the spatial pattern of overweight and obesity correspond with the varying levels of economic development in Nigeria? The study relied on secondary data from published sources.  Linear regression models were estimated to determine the impact of economic development variables on overweight and obesity. Results reveal that percent population with white collar jobs had a significant positive effect on overweight whereas poverty, gross domestic product (GDP) and degree of urbanization were significantly related to obesity. The paper concludes that the spatial patterns of overweight and obesity follow the pathways of economic development in Nigeria.

scholarly journals KORUPSI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH: SUATU KAJIAN EKONOMI POLITIK DAN BUDAYA

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-145
Author(s):  
Riyanto Riyanto ◽  
Isang Gonarsyah ◽  
Akhmad Fauzi ◽  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Political Economic

The main objective of the stuajl is to analyze the political economic and cultural factors aflecting corruption in regional economic development during decentralization era in Indonesia. The research uses both qualitative and quantitative methodology to elaborate the process of policy making in budgeting and in formulating regional regulation (Perda). Three districts were chosen as case studies i.e. Kabupaten Solok, Kabupaten Sukoharjo and Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. The results of the stuajl indicate that corruption has already emerged since the begining of decision making process in the executive as well as legislative agencies. The findings show that political economic and cultural factors are strongly aflecting the corruption in regional development in the autonomy era.

Gender Equity and Social Inclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-137
Author(s):  
Suraiya Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Job Training ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Political Economic

All over the globe, the majority of women are in health, education, caring sector, but they are underrepresented in fields such as engineering, manufacturing, construction, and science. This in turn affects women's professional choices, income levels, and future growth. Consequently, efforts are needed not only to achieve parity in education but also to help overcome the political, economic, and social barriers that hinder girls from pursuing employment in traditionally male fields and making use of their education and skills. Young women also lack equitable access to public vocational training and other job-training programs. These are crucial for developing skills useful in emerging markets and value-added activities. Efforts are needed to get women into job-training initiatives that will prepare them for the new jobs available in the global economy.

Jefferson and the Simple Story of Pastoral Economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-133
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Thomas Jefferson ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
John Taylor ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter argues that resistance to Hamiltonian finance was both an economic and literary critique. The familiar opposition between Hamiltonian finance and Jeffersonian agrarianism has put the stress on the rural setting—an emphasis that has led scholars to talk about economic policy with the literary term, “pastoralism.” This chapter argues that the importance of the pastoral to Jeffersonian writers is not found in agrarianism, but on the formal structure of simplification that is essential to pastoral poetics. This same imperative toward simplicity is also located in the eighteenth-century economic science that was crucial to the Jeffersonians: French physiocracy. The chapter explains the importance of physiocracy and pastoralism to the political-economic writing of Thomas Jefferson, George Logan, and John Taylor of Caroline.

POLITICAL ECONOMY, THE STATE, AND REVOLUTION IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-444
Author(s):  
ANDREW JAINCHILL
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The Political ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Intellectual Origins ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The French Revolution

Among the stunning changes in material and intellectual life that transformed eighteenth-century Europe, perhaps none excited as much contemporary consternation as the twin-headed growth of a modern commercial economy and the fiscal–military state. As economies became increasingly based on trade, money, and credit, and states both exploded in size and forged seemingly insoluble ties to the world of finance, intellectuals displayed growing anxiety about just what kind of political, economic, and social order was taking shape before their eyes. Two important new books by Michael Sonenscher and John Shovlin, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Origins of the French Revolution and The Political Economy of Virtue: Luxury, Patriotism, and the Origins of the French Revolution, tackle these apprehensions and the roles they played in forging French political and economic writings in the second half of the eighteenth century. Both authors also take the further step of demonstrating the impact of the ideas they study on the origins of the French Revolution.

Gospodarski in družbeni nazori v slovenskem naprednem taboru, 1930–35: I. del – velika gospodarska kriza

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Oskar Mulej
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
Social Views ◽  
Political Economic

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL VIEWS IN THE SLOVENE PROGRESSIVE CAMP, 1930–35. Part I. – The Great DepressionThe following article focuses on the economic and social orientations, ideas and concrete policies that were present, being developed and implemented within the Slovene progressive camp during the first half of the 1930s. Primarily it focuses on the time after 1931, when the progressives as part of the Yugoslav National Party steered the Yugoslav politics and represented the political authority in Slovenia. This article – the first part of the study – provides a detailed analysis of the global economic crisis as the factor that had the most profound impact on the period under consideration and which all the political actors had to face, respond to, and address by employing the major part of their efforts. The Slovene progressives understood the Great Depression as a serious blow to the global economy, while at the same time they also saw this crisis as a harbinger of the potential radical political changes. In this regard they argued for a more conservative approach to the fiscal policy as well as defended the principles of free trade, for they viewed the economic protectionism as one of the major causes of the deepening crisis. At the same time the gradual change in the political-economic paradigm, calling for a more prominent role of the state in the economy and reflected through the changed rhetoric and discourse of the Slovene progressives , was already becoming more apparent in the years between 1933 and 1935.

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