scholarly journals Driving: A Road to Unhealthy Lifestyles and Poor Health Outcomes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e94602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Ding ◽  
Klaus Gebel ◽  
Philayrath Phongsavan ◽  
Adrian E. Bauman ◽  
Dafna Merom
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Poor Health

scholarly journals The Impacts of Unrecognized Language and Cultural Barriers During an Educational and Training Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Owens ◽  
Franck A Nzumba
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Training Activity ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACT Language and cultural barriers are associated with poor health outcomes. Communication is arguably the most important variable associated with a successful educational and training Global Health Engagement (GHE) and often unrecognized even when attempts are made to address this barrier. Madagascar’s GHE activity improved after the addition of local Malagasy translation to fully translated official French instruction.

scholarly journals 'I just hope they take it seriously': homeless men talk about their health care

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Nancy Sturman ◽  
Don Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health System ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Homeless Men ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Care Fragmentation

ObjectiveMen who experience homelessness in Australia often have complex health and social issues, including the trimorbidity of concurrent mental illness, substance use disorders and physical health conditions. These men tend to have poor health outcomes, and present challenges to healthcare systems. To improve system responsiveness and patient outcomes, the perspectives of marginalised groups need to be understood. MethodsFive focus groups were conducted with 20 men in a homeless men’s hostel, exploring their experiences of seeking and receiving health care, and views about improving these. An inductive thematic analysis was undertaken. ResultsSeveral participants expressed gratitude for care provided for life-threatening physical illness and trauma. However, negative experiences of health system responses were more frequently reported. Four emerging themes all made securing effective ‘tickets of entry’ to health care more difficult: dismissive care, care fragmentation, inconsistent medical management of pain and inadequate acknowledgement of psychological distress. ConclusionsImprovements are needed in care integration and the de-escalation of potentially confrontational interactions. Effective, safe and compassionate system responses to presentations of psychological distress and pain should be collaboratively developed. Some current responses may entrench stigma, further traumatising vulnerable patients. What is known about the topic?Men who experience homelessness have poor health outcomes and present challenges to healthcare systems. What does this paper add?This paper describes healthcare experiences and insights of men who are experiencing homelessness in Australia. These men reported experiencing dismissive care, care fragmentation, inconsistent, inadequate and/or unsafe prescribing for pain and inconsistent and/or ineffective responses to psychological distress. What are the implications for practitioners?Changes are needed in health system responses, informed by the experiences and insights of marginalised people, to break cycles of trauma and exclusion.

scholarly journals Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12301
Author(s):  
Karl Gauffin ◽  
Andrea Dunlavy
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
The Self ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Regular Employment ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
The Relationship

With labor being a central social determinant of health, there is an increasing need to investigate health inequalities within the heterogenous and growing population in self-employment. This study aimed to longitudinally investigate the relationship between income level, self-employment status and multiple work-related health indicators in a Swedish national cohort (n = 3,530,309). The study investigated the relationship between self-employment status and health outcomes later in life. All poor health outcomes, with the exception of alcohol-related disorders, were more common in the self-employed population, compared to the group in regular employment. The income gradient, however, was more pronounced in the group with regular employment than the groups in self-employment. The study found clear connections between low income and poor health in all employment groups, but the gradient was more pronounced in the group in regular employment. This suggests that income has a weaker connection to other types of health promoting resources in the self-employed population. Potentially, lacking social and public support could make it difficult for unhealthy individuals to maintain low-income self-employment over a longer time period.

Supporting People Who Experience Co-Existing Mental Health and Addiction Problems

2016 ◽  
pp. 251-270
Author(s):  
Ashley Koning ◽  
Suzette Janet Poole
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Support Services ◽  
International Research ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Addiction Services ◽  
Barriers To Implementation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Approach

Meeting the needs of people with co-existing mental health and addiction problems is a challenge faced by many mental health and addiction services and providers. A compounding factor has been the separation of mental health and addiction services which has meant that many people with co-existing mental health and addiction problems have fallen through the cracks between services or had issues not recognized or responded to, leading to poor health outcomes. This chapter describes the approach taken by New Zealand's workforce development centers to support services to improve responsiveness and workforce capability to work with people with co-existing mental health and addiction problems. International research on implementation is briefly summarized before discussion about the impact of the national approach and the barriers to implementation that have emerged. Recommendations for next steps conclude this chapter.

scholarly journals THE EXTREME FACE OF SOCIAL ISOLATION: A COHORT STUDY OF UNBEFRIENDED INDIVIDUALS IN LONG-TERM CARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S532-S533
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chamberlain ◽  
Wendy Duggleby ◽  
Pamela B Teaster ◽  
Janet Fast ◽  
Carole Estabrooks
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Family Contact

Abstract Even though social isolation is a significant predictor of poor health and mortality in older adults, very little is known about social isolation in long-term care (LTC) settings. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, demographic characteristics, health outcomes, and disease diagnoses of residents without family contact in Alberta LTC homes. Using data collected between April 2008 and March 2018, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Resident Assessment Instrument, Minimum Data Set, (RAI-MDS 2.0) data from 34 LTC facilities in Alberta. We identified individuals who had no contact with family or friends. Using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, we compared the characteristics, disease diagnoses, and functional status of individuals who had no contact with family and individuals who did have contact with family. We identified a cohort of 25,330 individuals, of whom 945 had no contact with family or friends. Different from residents who had family, the cohort with no contact was younger (81.47 years, SD=11.79), and had a longer length of stay (2.71 years, SD=3.63). For residents who had contact with family, residents with no contact had a greater number of mental health diagnoses, including depression (OR: 1.21, [95% CI: 1.06-1.39]), bipolar disorder (OR: 1.80, [95% CI: 1.22-2.68]), and schizophrenia (OR: 3.9, [95% CI: 2.96-5.14]). Interpretation: Residents without family contact had a number of unique care concerns, including mental health issues and poor health outcomes. These findings have implications for the training of staff and LTC services available to these vulnerable residents.

scholarly journals Using Agent-Based Modeling to Understand the Emergence and Reproduction of Social Inequalities in Health

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Javier Alvarez-Galvez ◽  
Victor Suarez-Lledo
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Social Inequalities In Health ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Combine Evidence

Studies on social inequalities in health present contradictory findings when they attempt to describe and identify the complex societal mechanisms that give rise to poor health outcomes and health inequalities. This work aims to study the mechanism of reproduction of health inequalities among different population groups using agent-based modeling. We combine evidence-based knowledge and survey data to set the simulation model. Our initial findings show that the combination of the most adverse contextual conditions (i.e., negative environmental exposure and the absence of health-care provision) combined with extreme social inequalities in health might increase mortality drastically. The model suggests that, although poor health outcomes may emerge through the action of individual determinants, social inequalities generally emerge and reproduce through non-linear associations and complex multivariate data structures.

scholarly journals INTRA-INDIVIDUAL PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOM VARIABILITY AND STRESS INFLUENCE ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S267-S267
Author(s):  
Scott E Moore ◽  
Kelly Wierenga ◽  
Heather K Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptom ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Symptom Variability

Abstract Stress and symptomatology have been shown to have strong relationships to health outcomes in older adults. More specifically, perceived social stressors (PSS), whether related to disease, disability or demographics, is a contributor to health. Recently it was reported that intra-individual symptom variability (ISV) may predict poor health outcomes better than symptom severity in some chronic illnesses. Individual and combined influences of ISV and PSS on health behaviors are not fully described. Using a subset (n = 518, 46.5% men; mean age = 48.7) of MIDUS Refresher participants’ 8 day daily diary data, we sought to determine the influences of physical and psychological ISV and PSS on independent and basic activities of daily living (iADLs, bADLs). The ISVs represent an average of day-to-day variation across each of the 22 physical and 27 psychological symptoms for each participant. Psychological ISV, physical ISV, PSS, and total number of chronic conditions were entered into two structural equation models as predictors for each ADL outcome (p<.01). The models depicted both direct and indirect influences of psychological ISV on ADLs (iADLs: B=-.43, P < .001; B = .51, P < .001 [through PSS]; bADLs: B=-.45, P < .001; B = .51, P < .001 [through PSS]). However, the influence of physical ISV on ADLs was indirect (B = .22, P = .001 [through PSS]). Individual-level influences of ISV and PSS on ADLs may better aide healthcare providers’ identifying and intervening to disrupt poor health outcomes for those at risk.

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