scholarly journals Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase and AmpC beta-lactamases producing gram negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens at International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241984
Author(s):  
Saba Gebremichael Tekele ◽  
Dejenie Shiferaw Teklu ◽  
Kassu Desta Tullu ◽  
Samuel Kinde Birru ◽  
Melese Hailu Legese
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Background Extended spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpC) are the common enzymes produced by gram negative bacilli, which are their main mechanisms of resistance to all generations of cephalosporins. Hence, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of ESBLs and AmpC producing gram negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from clinical specimens at International clinical Laboratories in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted from January to May 2018. From different clinical specimens, 338 GNB were isolated and characterized. Bacterial species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screening for ESBLs and AmpC production were performed using Phoenix automated system (BD phoenix100). ESBLs production was confirmed using a combination disc method. All Cefoxitin resistant and confirmed ESBLs producing GNB were confirmed for AmpC beta-lactamases production by AmpC confirmatory Neo-Sensitabs discs (ROSCO tablet). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results E. coli 66.0% (224/338) followed by K. pneumoniae 12.1% (41/338) were GNB most frequently isolated. The overall magnitude of ESBLs producing GNB was 38.8% (131/338) and the extent of AmpC beta-lactamase producing GNB was 2.4% (8/338). Majority of ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases producing GNB were isolated from urine specimens 47.5% (116/338). Ampicillin (75.4%), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (64.0%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (55.6%) were most the antibiotics to which resistance was most commonly found. The multidrug resistance (MDR) level of GNB was 74.0% (250/338). Of ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases producing GNB, 99.3% were MDR (p < 0.05). Conclusion The high magnitude of ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases producing GNB calls the needs of strong intervention to minimize further occurrence and spread of such GNB. More importantly, the MDR level was high which suggests continuous monitoring & reviewing of antimicrobial policy in hospitals and the country at large.

scholarly journals Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase and AmpC Beta-lactamase producing gram negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens at International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Gebremichael Tekele ◽  
Dejenie Shiferaw Teklu ◽  
Melese Hailu Legese ◽  
Samuel Kinde Birru ◽  
Kassu Desta Tullu
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Abstract Abstract Background : For Gram negative pathogens, production of beta-lactamase (β-lactamases) enzymes are the main mechanisms of resistance for most antimicrobial drugs. Of these β-lactamases, Extended spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) are the commonest enzymes produced by gram negative bacilli which are main mechanisms for the resistance all generations of cephalosporins. This study was therefore, aimed to assess the magnitude of ESBL and AmpC producing gram negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from clinical specimens at International clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between January to May 2018. From different clinical specimens, 338 GNB were isolated. Bacterial species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and β-lactamases screening were performed using phoenix automated system (BD phoenix 100 ). Cefoxitin resistant bacteria were confirmed for AmpC β-lactamases production by AmpC confirmatory disc. ESBLs production was confirmed using a combination disc method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The predominant GNB was E. coli 66.0% (224/338) followed by K. pneumoniae 12.1% (41/338). The overall magnitude of ESBL producing GNB was 38.8% (131/338) while AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB was 2.4% (8/338). The majority of ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB were isolated from urine specimen 47.5% (116/338). Ampicillin (75.4%), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (64.0%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (55.6%) were most common resistance antibiotics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) level was 73.7% (249/338). Of ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB, 99.3% were MDR (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The magnitude of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB were significantly high which is worrying that needs intervention to minimize further occurrence and spread of such GNB. The MDR level was high which suggests continuous monitoring & reviewing of antimicrobial policy in hospitals and the country at large. Keywords: Extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase, Multidrug Resistance, Gram negative bacilli, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Producing Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates from Urine of Patients Visiting Everest Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Guragain ◽  
Aashish Pradhan ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Komal Raj Rijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Objectives: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram negative pathogens from urine samples along with their antimicrobial resistance. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2015 to May 2016 at Everest Hospital, Kathmandu. Mid-stream urine samples were collected and processed for culture by standard loop streak method. Identified bacterial isolates were tested for Antibiotic Susceptibility by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and, were subjected to ESBL screening by using 30µg cefotaxime and ceftazidime. ESBL production was confirmed by combination disc method. Results: Of the three hundred urine samples, 22.7% (67/300) showed significant growth. Four different bacterial species were identified. Among the isolates, E. coli was the most common pathogen (71.64%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.92%), Pseudomonas spp (8.95%) and Acinetobacter spp (4.48%). Altogether 92.54% (n=62) isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, 89.55% (n=60) to amikacin, and 79.10% (n=53) to nitrofurantoin. 70.10% (n=47) isolates were resistant to antibiotic ampicillin while 62.68% (n=42) were found as Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and 29.8% (n=20) were ESBL producers. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of MDR and ESBL among uropathogens is low in comparison to other studies though it is essential to have a regular monitoring of ESBL producing clinical isolates in laboratory practice.

scholarly journals Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Gram Negative Bacteria from Clinical Specimens of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Shikha Paul ◽  
Sanya Tahmina Jhora ◽  
Prashanta Prasun Dey ◽  
Bilkis Ara Begum
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Detection of Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) enzyme producing bacteria in hospital settings is vital as ESBL genes are transmissible. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of ESBL producing gram negative isolates at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city which deals with the patients hailing from relatively low socioeconomic status.Onehundred and twenty four gram negative bacteria isolated from different clinical specimens from outpatient and inpatient departments of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital (SSMC & MH) were tested for ESBL by E test ESBL method in the department of microbiology of Sir Salimullah medical college (SSMC) from March 2013 to August 2013.Out of 124 gram negative bacteria 69 (55.65%) were positive for ESBL. Among the ESBL producers, Esch.coli was the highest (46.38%) which was followed by Serratia spp (11.59%), Enterobacter spp (10.14%), Proteus spp, (8.70%), Acinetobacter spp.(7.24%) and Klebsiella spp.(5.79%). Out of 32 Esch.coli isolated from outpatient department, 10 (31.25%) were positive for ESBL. On the other hand out of 27 Esch. coli isolated from inpatient department, 22 (81.48%) were positive for ESBL. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001).So the present study reveals that the distribution of ESBL producers is more among the hospitalized patients than the patients of the community.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (1): 8-12

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo Beta Lactamases (MBL) Mediated Resistance in Gram Negative Bacterial Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Pathak ◽  
Nandalal Jaishi ◽  
Binod Kumar Yadav ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) along with Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producing gram negative bacterial isolates among the patients attending Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June to December; 2016. Altogether 977 clinical specimens were processed for analysis of bacteriological profile and the isolates were identified by culture, morphological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods following Clinical and Laboratories Standard Institute guideline and the isolates were tested for ESBL and MBL by combined disk method.Results: out of 977 clinical specimens, 254 (25.99%) were found to be gram negative bacterial isolates, among them Klebsiella pneumoniae 83 (32.67%) was the most predominant organism followed by E. coli 51 (20.07%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 36 (14.17%), K. oxytoca 32 (12.59%), Proteus mirabilis 13 (5.11%) and P. vulgaris 13 (5.11%), Acinetobacter spp. 11 (4.33%), Citrobacter spp. 10 (3.93%) and Enterobacter spp. 5 (1.96%) respectively. 83 (32.67%) isolates were found to be MDR, 38(14.96%) were positive for ESBL while 19 (7.48%) were MBL producer.Conclusion: The determent drug resistance among ESBL and MBL producers, reflect the extensive use of antibiotics possessing difficulties in therapeutic potions in hospital setting which might be overcome by proper microbiological analysis of pathogenic isolates and judicious use of antibiotics for emergence of resistance strains.

scholarly journals Short Communication: The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli on layer chicken farms in Blitar Area, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freshinta Jellia Wibisono ◽  
BAMBANG SUMIARTO ◽  
TRI UNTARI ◽  
Mustofa Helmi Effendi ◽  
DIAN AYU PERMATASARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Layer Chicken ◽  
Synergy Test

Abstract. Wibisono FJ, Sumiarto B, Untari T, Effendi MH, Permatasari DA, Witaningrum AM. 2020. Short Communication: The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli on layer chicken farms in Blitar Area, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2667-2671. This study was aimed to determine the incidence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli on layer chicken in Blitar area. This was a cross-sectional study with a total of 205 cloacal swabs of layer chicken taken randomly. The sample was in isolation identification on MacConkey media and ESBL confirmation test produced by Escherichia coli was then carried out by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method and the VITEK® 2 Compact Automated System method. This study showed that 185 (90.24%) isolates of positive Escherichia coli from a total of 205 samples of cloacal swabs of the layer chicken. The incidence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in cloacal swabs on layer chicken with the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method and the VITEK® 2 compact automatic method was 13 (7.03%). Results in this study indicated that layer chicken has potential as reservoir for spreading ESBL to public health and needs strict hygienic measures to prevent their transmission to humans.

scholarly journals Genetic Study of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Producing Escherichia Coli Causing Sepsis among Egyptian Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Maysaa Zaki ◽  
Hanan El-Halaby ◽  
Eman Elmansoury ◽  
Mayada Zeid ◽  
Khaled Khaled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Egyptian Children

Background: Treatment failure of sepsis caused by Escherichia coli (E. Coli) is a leading cause of death of infants and children in intensive care units. Objective: To detect the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-genes between E. coli isolates from infants and children with septicemia and to identify their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed on 88 patients with sepsis. The isolated E. coli were identified by Gram stain and biochemically by the Microscan automated system. ESBL and carbapenemase producing E. coli were isolated on double disk diffusion and EDTA double disk, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction for ESBL and carbapenemase producing E. coli genes were performed. Bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics was tested. The initial results were measured through the 30-days of hospital admission. IRB approved the study. Results: Of 88 patients with sepsis, 49 and 30 strains were ESBL producing and carbapenemase producing E. coli; respectively. Neither risk factors for infection nor clinical picture can differentiate between ESBL and carbapenemase producing E. coli. The most frequently detected gene of ESBL producing E. coli was SHV, it was more sensitive to Piperacillin/Tazobactam (90%) and cefepime (86.7%) while for carbapenemase-producing E. coli; IMP was the most frequent, its sensitivity was high to Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Ciprofloxacin (52.6% each). Conclusion: The commonest gene of ESBL producing E. coli is SHV whereas for carbapenemase-producing E. coli is IMP. Piperacillin/Tazobactam is the candidate drug to start in children with septicemia and suspected ESBL or carbapenemase-producing E. coli infection.

scholarly journals Extended spectrum β-lactamases and class C β-lactamases gene frequency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Dina N. Abdelrahman ◽  
Aya A. Taha ◽  
Mazar M. Dafaallah ◽  
Alaa Abdelgafoor Mohammed ◽  
Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Class C

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, causing nosocomial infections with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to a large group of antibiotics, including β-lactams. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics and to index the first reported β-lactamases gene (extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes and class C β-lactamases genes) frequency in Ps. aeruginosa in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: 121 Ps. aeruginosa clinical isolates from various clinical specimens were used in this cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum State. A total of 80 isolates were confirmed as Ps. aeruginosa through conventional identification methods and species-specific primers (the remaining 40 isolates were other bacterial species). The susceptibility pattern of the confirmed isolates to selected antibiotics was done following the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of seven β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB, blaOXA-1, blaAmpC and blaDHA). Results: Of the 80 confirmed Ps. aeruginosa isolates, 8 (10%) were resistant to Imipenem while all isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav (100%). A total of 43 (54%) Ps. aeruginosa isolates were positive for ESBLs genes, while 27 (34%) were positive for class C β-lactamases, and 20 (25%) were positive for both classes. Frequency of ESBLs genes was as follows: blaTEM, 19 (44.2%); blaSHV, 16 (37.2%); blaCTX-M1, 10 (23.3%); blaVEB, 14 (32.6%); and blaOXA-1, 7 (16.3%). Occurrence of class C β-lactamases genes was blaAmpC 22 (81.5%) and blaDHA 8 (29.6%). In total, 3 (11.1%) isolates were positive for both blaAmpC and blaDHA genes. Conclusion: Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed a high rate of β-lactamases production, with co-resistance to other antibiotic classes. The lowest resistance rate of Ps. aeruginosa was to Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant relationship between production of β-lactamases in Ps. aeruginosa and resistance to third generation cephalosporins was found.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document