scholarly journals Perceived psychological stress and associated factors in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: Evidence from the general Chinese population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243605
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Zhenzhen Xiong ◽  
Zhixiong Li ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Weiyi Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
General Chinese Population

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by novel coronavirus 2019. Many individuals suffered psychological symptoms in the early stage when the epidemic was uncertain. We explored the perceived psychological stress and associated factors in the early stage of COVID-19 epidemic. Method The Perceived Stress Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale and a general information questionnaire were integrated in an on-line survey conducted from February 1, 2020 until February 4, 2020. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore whether coping style, social support or other factors contributed to psychological stress. Results A total of 1638 participants were included, of whom 44.3% showed moderate psychological stress. Individuals who were younger, female, unmarried, spent more time on the disease, felt more concern about it, reported lower social support (Subjective Social support; Objective social support; Utilization social support), or showed a negative coping style were more likely to suffer higher psychological stress in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusion Psychological interventions may be targeted to individuals with the risk characteristics identified in this study. It may be helpful to promote social support and positive coping style in the early stage of infectious disease epidemics. This initial evidence from the general Chinese population may be relevant to interventions in other countries for dealing with the COVID-19 and other epidemics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Youth Attending ART Follow-Up in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helina Abebe ◽  
Shegaye Shumet ◽  
Zebiba Nassir ◽  
Melkamu Agidew ◽  
Dessie Abebaw
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Depression is most frequently and highly occurring common mental disorder in HIV/AIDS patients especially youth living with HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Objective. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among youth living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attending Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) follow-up at public hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2016.Method. In a cross sectional study, 507 HIV-positive young people from public health hospitals were recruited by systematic random sampling technique. Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to assess depressive symptoms. Morisky medication adherence rating scale, social support rating scale, and HIV stigma scale were the instruments used to assess the associated factors.Results. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was 35.5% (95% CI:31.3, 39.6). In multivariate analysis, age range between 20 and 24 years with (AOR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.33,3.62), history of opportunistic infection (AOR=1.94, 95% CI:1.15,3.27), poor medication adherence (AOR=1.73, 95%CI:1.13,2.64, low social support (AOR=2.74, 95%CI:1.13,2.64), moderate social support (AOR=1.75 95% CI: 1.03,2.98), and stigma (AOR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.35,3.14) were associated with depressive symptoms. The results suggest that prevalence of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive youth was high. Prevention of opportunistic infection, stigma, and counseling for good medication adherence are necessary among HIV-positive youth.

scholarly journals Stress associated with hospitalization in patients with COPD: the role of social support and health related quality of life

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Medinas-Amorós ◽  
Juan José Montaño-Moreno ◽  
Maria José Centeno-Flores ◽  
Victoria Ferrer-Pérez ◽  
Feliu Renom-Sotorra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Nottingham Health Profile ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
St George's Respiratory Questionnaire

Background: The objective of this study was to determine stress levels during hospitalization in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We wanted to relate stress to previous level of quality of life and patients’ Social Support. Methods: 80 patients (70.43; SD = 8.13 years old) with COPD were assessed by means of: Hospital Stress Rating Scale, Nottingham Health Profile, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and Social Support Scale. Results: COPD patients’ stress levels are lower than expected independently from the severity or number of previous hospitalizations. Linear regression analysis shows the predictive value of Quality of Life and Social Support on stress level during hospitalization (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: HRQOL and social support can be associated with stress during hospitalization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of information by early stages innovative projects using colorographic images

E-Management ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
E. I. Konchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Business Angels ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Stage Of Development

It is impossible to imagine the development of high-tech sectors of the Russian economy without the emergence and active growth of a large number of small innovative enterprises that create and promote demanded competitive goods and services on the Russian and international markets. The development of this type of company often requires the attraction of so-called “comfortable” venture capital. The main source of such capital in the early stages of development of small innovative companies is business angels. However, the evaluation of innovative projects at an early stage of development and the decision-making of business angels about investing is a rather time-consuming process, involving the analysis and systematization of a huge amount of information.The article proposes 56 criteria for evaluating innovative projects of early stages of development. The criteria have been divided into 8 groups specific to the evaluation of projects. These criteria typically use grading scales. The most commonly used are 10-point, 5-point, 100-point rating scales and 0…1 scale.It was proposed to evaluate innovative projects of the early stages of development not only according to the rating scale, but also using colors. Red (for negative assessments) and blue (for positive assessments) colors gradients have been used in the article. An example of constructing a colorographic map based on a fictional innovative project has been adduced. The developed colorographic maps will allow the investor to evaluate visually the information on the investment application submitted for consideration using a two-dimensional image (this is essentially a table).The visualization of project estimates in the form of a colored octahedron has been presented. In constructing the octahedron, red, blue and white (no grade) gradients were also used. Each face of the octahedron corresponds to a group of criteria of this project. The criteria in the group are located in such a way that when reflected on the plane they will be located closer to the center of the octahedron. Thus, in the case of saturated color of the center of the octahedron, the project can receive either an excellent, or unsatisfactory rating. This visualization of the project can be useful if you need to analyze each group of criteria separately.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Public Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangtian Nie ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Yongxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Risk Level

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been regarded as a public health emergency that caused a considerable degree of public panic (such as anxiety and insomnia) during its early stage. Some irrational behaviors (such as excessive search for information related to the pandemic and excessive hoarding of supplies) were also triggered as a result of such panic. Although there has been plenty of news coverage on public panic due to the outbreak, research on this phenomenon has been limited. Since panic is the main psychological reaction in the early stage of the pandemic, which largely determines the level of psychological adaptation, time of psychological recovery, and the incidence of PTSD, there exists a demand to conduct investigation on it. From a public governance perspective, the government’s assessment of public panic may affect the efficiency and effectiveness of pandemic prevention and control. Therefore, it is of obvious practical significance to investigate public panic during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze its influential factors. The self-compiled COVID-19 Social Mentality Questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 16,616 participants online, and 13,511 valid responses were received. The results from the chi-square test showed that there were differences in gender, educational level, age, pandemic-related knowledge, self-efficacy, risk level, and objective social support. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis results showed that self-efficacy, gender, educational level, age, risk level, pandemic-related knowledge, and objective social support were significant predictors of public panic. Among the research variables, self-efficacy, gender, educational level, and age were negative predictors of panic while risk level, pandemic-related knowledge, and objective social support were positive predictors of panic.

scholarly journals Social support in early-stage breast cancer patients with fatigue

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hege Lilleskare Sørensen ◽  
Tore Kr. Schjølberg ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Inger Utne
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue

Abstract Background A large number of women with breast cancer suffer from fatigue, and social support is described as having a positive impact on health in stressful life situations. The aim of this study is to evaluate social support in a sample of early-stage breast cancer outpatients with fatigue during treatment, and to evaluate the association between cancer-related fatigue and social support and between social support and demographic and treatment characteristics. Method This cross-sectional study includes 160 outpatients with early-stage breast cancer and cancer-related fatigue. The patients were recruited from clinics at a university-based cancer centre in Norway. The research instruments included The Social Provisions Scale (SPS), which measures ‛attachment’, ‛social integration’, ‛reassurance of worth’, and ‛nurturance’, and a fatigue questionnaire (FQ), which measures total, physical and mental fatigue. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Results Median total score for SPS was 59 (min/max = 39/64). Significant associations were found between mental fatigue and the provisions ‛reassurance of worth’ (B = − 0.34, 95% CI = [− 0.60; − 0.08]) and ‛nurturance’ (B = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.08; 0.31]). In addition, an association was found between social support and living with someone (B = 6.09, 95% CI = [4.07; 8.11]). No associations were found between physical fatigue and social support or between social support and treatment variables. Conclusions To a large extent, breast cancer patients with fatigue in this study experienced social support from their surroundings. The fact that there were significant associations between mental fatigue and two of the provisions of SPS suggests that social support is more closely related to mental fatigue than to physical fatigue. Findings from this study suggest that living with someone is important for the experience of social support during treatment for breast cancer. Clinicians need to evaluate demographic characteristics in relation to social support in early-stage breast cancer patients with fatigue.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among Chinese international students in US colleges during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang Lin ◽  
Yuxin Tong ◽  
Yaying Bai ◽  
Zixi Zhao ◽  
Wenxiang Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
International Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Chinese International Students ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Remote Learning

Previous studies showed that the COVID-19 outbreak increased the levels of depression and anxiety in heterogeneous populations. This study examines the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Chinese international students enrolled in US universities during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies the associated factors, including habits, social and psychological support, sleep quality, and remote learning. Participants were recruited with snowball sampling through 21 Chinese international student associations in US universities. The survey consisted of demographic questions, the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and self-constructed questions on academic performance, financial concerns, use of social media, physical exercise, and psychological support. Cut-off scores of 10 were used for both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 to determine the binary outcomes of depression and anxiety, respectively. Bivariant analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associated factors. Among 1881 participants, we found a prevalence of depression at 24.5% and that of anxiety at 20.7%. Multiple correlates—including recent exposure to traumatic event(s), pandemic-related financial concerns, workload, social support, remote learning, willingness to seek professional help, and sleep quality—were identified. It is critical for future studies to further investigate this student population and for universities to provide more flexible learning options and more access to psychological services.

scholarly journals Psychological Distress, Social Support, Coping Style, and Perceived Stress Among Medical Staff and Medical Students in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Epidemic in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Xin Yi ◽  
Mengting Zhong ◽  
Zhixiong Li ◽  
Weiyi Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Factors Influencing

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had impact that may contribute to a rise in mental health problems. The present study was aimed to better understand psychological status among medical staff and medical students during the early epidemic and to explore the influence factors of psychological distress.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online from February 2–14, 2020. We collected general information related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Respondents were assessed using the Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale (K6), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors influencing psychological distress.Results: Five hundred and twenty-eight respondents returned valid questionnaires. Medical staff and Medical students scored averages of 6.77 ± 5.04, 15.48 ± 8.66 on the K6, 37.22 ± 11.39, 22.62 ± 11.25 on the SSRS and 18.52 ± 7.54, 28.49 ± 11.17 on the PSS, respectively. Most medical staff (279, 91.77%) and 148 medical students (66.07%) showed a positive coping style. Social support, perceived stress, hours spent watching epidemic-related information per day and frequency of epidemic-related dreams were identified as factors influencing psychological distress among medical staff and medical students. Coping style emerged as a determinant of psychological distress among medical staff.Conclusions: In the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, medical staff and medical students were at moderate to high risk of psychological distress. Our results suggest that psychological interventions designed to strengthen social support, reduce perceived stress and adopt a positive coping style may be effective at improving the mental health of medical staff and medical students.

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