scholarly journals A study on the characteristics of coke in the hearth of a superlarge blast furnace

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247051
Author(s):  
Qing Q. Lv ◽  
Yong S. Tian ◽  
Ping Du ◽  
Jun L. Zhou ◽  
Guang H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Intermediate Repair ◽  
Degree Of Graphitization

An in-depth study on the characteristics of coke in the hearths of blast furnaces is of great significance for explaining the mechanism of coke deterioration in blast furnaces. In the present work, the changes in macromorphology, degree of graphitization, and microstructure of the coke taken from different hearth locations of a 5,800 m3 superlarge blast furnace during its intermediate repair period were systematically studied. Significant differences were found between cokes obtained from the edge (“edge coke”) and from the center (“center coke”) of the hearth in terms of properties and degradation mechanisms. Edge coke was severely eroded by liquid metal, and only a small amount of slag was detected in the coke porosity, whereas center coke was basically free from erosion by liquid metal, and a large amount of slag was detected in the coke porosity. The degree of graphitization of edge coke was higher than that of center coke. The carburizing effect of liquid metal was the main cause of the degradation of edge coke and made it smaller or even disappear. Center coke was degraded due to the combination of two factors: slag inserted into micropores on the surface of center coke loosened the surface structure; and graphite-like flakes that appeared on the center coke surface lowered the strength and caused cracks in the surface.

A Comprehensive Review on Blast Furnace

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Upendra Kumar ◽  
Avinash Patidar ◽  
Bhupendra Koshti
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Metallurgical Coke ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Global Performance ◽  
Flow Heat ◽  
And Control ◽  
Recycled Waste

The design and control of blast furnace (BF) ironmaking must be optimized in order to be competitive and sustainable, particularly under the more and more demanding and tough economic and environmental conditions. To achieve this, it is necessary to understand the complex multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer, and global performance of a BF. In this paper injection of alternative reducing agents via lances in the tubers of blast furnaces is discussed to reduce the consumption of metallurgical coke. Besides liquid hydrocarbons and pulverized coal the injection of recycled waste plastics is possible, offering the opportunity to chemically reuse waste material and also utilize the energy contained in such remnants.

EFFECT OF AIR HEATING ON CONCENTRATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF GASEOUS FUELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (10) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
S.I. Gertsyk ◽  
◽  
I.V. Belyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Air Heating ◽  
Formation Probability ◽  
Oxide Concentration

The formation probability of nitrogen oxides in combustion products of mixed blast-furnace and natural gases under different conditions of combustion was calculated. It has been found out that heating the air incoming into burners of high-temperature blast-furnaces sharply increases concentration of nitrogen oxides in combustion products (by 1.5-1.75 times). It was notices that in furnaces where temperature was less than 950-1000 °С, heating the air up to 400 °С increased NOx content in gases released to the atmosphere no more than by 20-23%, and oxide concentration was in limits of sanitary standards.

scholarly journals Proper MgO/Al2O3 Ratio in Blast-Furnace Slag: Analysis of Proper MgO/Al2O3 Ratio Based on Observed Data

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Fengman Shen ◽  
Xinguang Hu ◽  
Haiyan Zheng ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Qiangjian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Diagram Analysis ◽  
Furnace Slag

With the gradual depletion of high-quality iron-ore resources, ironmaking blast furnaces have gradually shifted to using high-content Al2O3 iron ore. Under this condition, the addition of MgO in the slag is adopted to alleviate operation problems caused by the high content of Al2O3. However, the proper value of the MgO/Al2O3 ratio for blast-furnace slag systems (Al2O3 = 8–25%) is not systematically studied. In this paper, we discuss the proper MgO/Al2O3 ratio on the basis of blast-furnace slag systems under different Al2O3 contents. On the basis of thermodynamics and phase-diagram analysis, it could be concluded that: (1) the MgO/Al2O3 ratio is not limited when Al2O3 in slag is less than 14%, (2) the MgO/Al2O3 ratio is required to be in the range of 0.40–0.50 when Al2O3 in the slag is 15–17%, and (3) the MgO/Al2O3 ratio should be 0.45–0.55 when Al2O3 in the slag is larger than 18%. The proper MgO/Al2O3 ratio value has been established in various industries, and it has achieved significant economic and social benefits.

Mineralogy and microstructure of skull varieties in blast furnace № 6 JSC EVRAZ NTMK

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
V. A. Perepelitsyn ◽  
K. G. Zemlyanoy ◽  
K. V. Mironov ◽  
A. A. Forshev ◽  
F. P. Nikolaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Vanadium Compounds ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Refractory Compounds ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Titanium Zinc ◽  
Metal Phases ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The results of a comprehensive study of the material composition and microstructure of 20 skull samples taken after blowing out blast furnace № 6 of EVRAZ NTMK JSC are presented. More than 30 minerals and metal phases of different chemical classes were diagnosed in the samples of the skull. Unlike the skull of blast furnaces of other metallurgical plants (NLMK, ZSMK), the skull of NTMK blast furnaces has an abnormally high content of titanium, zinc, vanadium compounds, as well as heavy non-ferrous metals and sulfur. On the basis of a detailed petrographic analysis, 5 structural and genetic types (varieties in composition and origin) of the garnice were identified. The varieties of the garnish contain a large amount of grenal, which is dominated by refractory compounds of titanium and vanadium carbonitrides of the general formula (Ti, V) (C, N).

Intensifying Smelting Synthesis Technique of 2500m3 Blast Furnace

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1031-1034
Author(s):  
Bin Chu ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Pei Hua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Synthesis Technique ◽  
Fuel Ratio

Based on the existing smelt condition, after exploring and practicing, 2500m3BF of the Stainless Steel Branch of Baosteel procured breakthrough on the intensifying smelting. By researching technologies of compounding many coke kinds for lessening the effect to the BF, adjusting the proportion of each ore to optimize the structure of charging, increasing the gas using ratio for cutting down fuel ratio, and taking low silicon smelting to optimize BF operation, the general indicators in the top position among the same type blast furnaces in china.

scholarly journals Prediction of the properties of blast furnace slag in modern conditions of blast furnaces of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-136
Author(s):  
D.N. Togobitskaya ◽  
A.I. Belkova ◽  
D.A. Stepanenko ◽  
N.A. Tsyupa ◽  
Yu.M. Likhachev
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Integral Parameter ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Magnesia Content ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Furnace Slag

The aim of the work is the development of models for predicting the properties of final blast-furnace slags for the rapid assessment of the slag regime and the development of sound management recommendations when using various additives in the operating conditions of blast furnaces in Ukraine. A two-stage approach to calculating the properties of blast-furnace slag is proposed: according to the model of a “homogeneous” melt and taking into account its heterogeneity. A predictive model has been developed for calculating the viscosity of a «homogeneous» slag by including the integral parameter of the slag melt parameter e in the model structure, which takes into account the individual effect on the viscosity of each component of the slag composition. The current production data of the chemical composition of the final slag shows the effect of the magnesia content, alkaline compounds, basicity, Al2O3/MgO ratio on the calculated viscosity of the slags. For various operating conditions of blast furnaces, it has been shown that, due to incomplete combustion of coke and pulverized coal, the viscosity of slags increases by 1.5–2 times and their melting temperatures by 30–500C. Comparative analysis of the calculated properties of slag for different operating conditions of 3 furnaces in Ukraine confirms the appropriateness of using a complex of predictive models for the rapid assessment of the technological properties of slag, which makes it possible to choose a rational slag mode in modern conditions of blast smelting.

The Application of Instagram as a Promotional and Communication Tool by Productive Families in the Kingdom of Bahrain

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Amera H. Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Sharifa Hamad ◽  
Marwa Ali ◽  
Fatima Mohammed ◽  
Walaa S. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Communication Tool ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Effort Expectancy ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Important Means

This study aims to investigate Instagram potentialities in the family business sector in Bahrain known as “Productive families”. The intention to adopt and use the tool to promote their products and support information sharing, cooperation, and actual communication, the actual benefits and use derived as a stand-alone tool, and the socio-economic payoffs for their businesses. An analytical and quantitative approach is used throughout the study. A survey was distributed to 253 participants consisting of a standard questionnaire divided in to two main parts: the first part covered the demographic elements while the second part focused on two factors (Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy) of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT). The analysis reveals that: (1) Instagram can be an important means of creating valuable opportunities for productive families to achieve their missions and goals in promoting and advertising their products; (2) the two factors analyzed (Performance expectancy and Effort expectancy) directly influence the families' intention to use form which leads directly to the actual usage; (3) the families' age, gender and level of education have indirect effects on their intention to adopt and use the platform; (4) most of the families use Instagram to promote their businesses, specifically handcrafts and services and have doing so for over two year; (5) The main financially supporter is Tamkeen, which backs 53% of the surveyed families. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study of the use of Instagram by Productive Bahraini families.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of the Raceway Zone in Melter Gasifier of COREX Process

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Sun ◽  
Ren Chen ◽  
Zuoliang Zhang ◽  
Guoxi Wu ◽  
Huishu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Blast Furnaces ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Corex Melter Gasifier ◽  
Unsteady Numerical Simulation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Shape And Size

The physical and chemical processes in the raceway zone of the COREX melter–gasifier express are similar to those inside the blast furnace. Based on the research achievements on blast furnaces, the unsteady numerical simulation of a gas-solid two-phase in the raceway was carried out by using computational fluid software. The formation process of the raceway in the COREX melter–gasifier was simulated. The shape and size of the raceway were obtained. Then, the effect of gas flow on the depth and height of the raceway was analyzed in this paper.

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