Human IgG and IgA responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines

SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen-specific IgG and IgA elicited by infection mediate viral neutralization and are likely an important component of natural immunity, however, limited information exists on vaccine induced responses. We measured COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced IgG and IgA in serum serially, up to 145 days post vaccination in 4 subjects. Spike antigen-specific IgG levels rose exponentially and plateaued 21 days after the initial vaccine dose. After the second vaccine dose IgG levels increased further, reaching a maximum approximately 7–10 days later, and remained elevated (average of 58% peak levels) during the additional >100 day follow up period. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination elicited spike antigen-specific IgA with similar kinetics of induction and time to peak levels, but more rapid decline in serum levels following both the 1st and 2nd vaccine doses (<18% peak levels within 100 days of the 2nd shot). The data demonstrate COVID-19 mRNA vaccines effectively induce spike antigen specific IgG and IgA and highlight marked differences in their persistence in serum.

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Human IgG and IgA responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines

10.1101/2021.03.23.21254060 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julian Campillo Luna ◽

Adam V Wisnewski ◽

Carrie A Redlich

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Dose ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Natural Immunity ◽

Limited Information ◽

Viral Neutralization ◽

Time To Peak ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Kinetics Of

SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen-specific IgG and IgA elicited by infection mediate viral neutralization and are likely an important component of natural immunity, however, limited information exists on vaccine induced responses. We measured COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced IgG and IgA in serum serially, up to 80 days post vaccination in 4 subjects. Spike antigen-specific IgG levels rose exponentially and plateaued 21 days after the initial vaccine dose. After the second vaccine dose IgG levels increased further, reaching a maximum approximately 7-10 days later, and remained elevated (average of 78% peak levels) during the additional 20-50 day follow up period. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination elicited spike antigen-specific IgA with similar kinetics of induction and time to peak levels, but more rapid decline in serum levels following both the 1st and 2nd vaccine doses (<23% peak levels within 80 days of the initial shot). The data demonstrate COVID-19 mRNA vaccines effectively induce spike antigen specific IgG and IgA and highlight marked differences in their persistence in serum.

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Total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies measured 6 months after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination in healthcare workers

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.5937/jomb0-33999 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giuseppe Lippi ◽

Gian Luca Salvagno ◽

Brandon Michael Henry ◽

Laura Pighi ◽

Simone De Nitto

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Gradual Decline ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Median Serum ◽

Study Population ◽

Kinetics Of

Background: This study aimed at monitoring the kinetics of serum total anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) antibodies in a cohort of healthcare workers after voluntary vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: The study population consisted of 787 healthcare workers (mean age 44±12 years; 66% females), who received two 30 μg doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, 3 weeks apart. Venous blood was drawn before the first vaccine dose, immediately before the second vaccine dose, and then at 1, 3 and 6 months after the second vaccine dose. Serological testing employed the total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies measurement with Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S chemiluminescent immunoassay.Results: The median serum levels of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reached the peak (1762 KU/L) 1 month after the second vaccine dose, but tended to progressively decline at the 3-month (1086 KU/L) and 6-month (802 KU/L) follow-up points. Overall, the values after 3- and 6-months were 37% and 57% lower than the corresponding concentrations measured at the peak. No healthcare worker had total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies below the method-dependent cut-off. The decline compared to the peak was more accentuated in baseline seropositive persons than in those who were baseline seronegative (74% vs. 52%) cohort. The 6-month post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in subjects aged <65 years remained over 2-fold higher than that measured in those aged ≥65 years (813 vs. 343 KU/L). Conclusions: Gradual decline of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies occurred 6 months after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination, though values remained higher than the method-dependent cut-off, with no case of seronegativization.

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Function is more reliable than quantity to follow up the humoral response to the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS- CoV-2 Spike Protein after Natural Infection or COVID-19 vaccination

10.1101/2021.06.02.21257975 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos A Sariol ◽

Petraleigh Pantoja ◽

Crisanta Serrano-Collazo ◽

Tiffant Rosa-Arocho ◽

Albersy Armina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Viral Neutralization ◽

Neutralizing Activity ◽

Robust Immune Response

On this work we report that despite of a decline in the total anti-Spike antibodies the neutralizing antibodies remains at a similar level for an average of 98 days in a longitudinal cohort of 59 Hispanic/Latino exposed to SARS-CoV-2. We are also reporting that the percentage of neutralization correlates with the IgG titers and that in the first collected samples, IgG1 was the predominant isotype (62.71%), followed by IgG4 (15.25%), IgG3 (13.56%), and IgG2 (8.47%) during the tested period. The IgA was detectable in 28.81% of subjects. Only 62.71% of all subjects have detectable IgM in the first sample despite of confirmed infection by a molecular method. Our data suggests that 100% that seroconvert make detectable neutralizing antibody responses measured by a surrogate viral neutralization test. We also found that the IgG titers and neutralizing activity were higher after the first dose in 10 vaccinated subjects out of the 59 with prior infection compare to a subgroup of 21 subjects naive to SARS-CoV-2. One dose was enough but two were necessary to reach the maximum percentage of neutralization in subjects with previous natural infection or naive to SARS-CoV-2 respectively. Like the pattern seen after the natural infection, after the second vaccine dose, the total anti-S antibodies and titers declined but not the neutralizing activity which remains at same levels for more than 80 days after the first vaccine dose. That decline, however, was significantly lower in pre-exposed individuals which denotes the contribution of the natural infection priming a more robust immune response to the vaccine. Also, our data indicates that the natural infection induces a more robust humoral immune response than the first vaccine dose in unexposed subjects. However, the difference was significant only when the neutralization was measured but not by assessing the total anti-S antibodies or the IgG titers. This work is an important contribution to understand the natural immune response to the novel coronavirus in a population severely hit by the virus. Also provide an invaluable data by comparing the dynamic of the immune response after the natural infection vs. the vaccination and suggesting that a functional test is a better marker than the presence or not of antibodies. On this context our results are also highly relevant to consider standardizing methods that in addition to serve as a tool to follow up the immune response to the vaccines may also provide a correlate of protection.

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The Slower Antibody Response in Myelofibrosis Patients after Two Doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Calls for a Third Dose

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9101480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1480

Author(s):

Fabio Fiorino ◽

Anna Sicuranza ◽

Annalisa Ciabattini ◽

Adele Santoni ◽

Gabiria Pastore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Slow Kinetics ◽

Binding Inhibition ◽

Specific Igg ◽

The Impact ◽

Kinetics Of

Immunization with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been highly recommended and prioritized in fragile subjects, including patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Available data on the vaccine immune response developed by MF patients and the impact of ruxolitinib treatment are still too fragmented to support an informed decision on a third dose for this category of subjects. Here, we show that 76% of MF patients develop spike-specific IgG after the second mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose, but the response has a slower kinetics compared to healthy subjects, suggesting a reduced capability of their immune system to promptly react to vaccination. A reduced ACE2/RBD binding inhibition activity of spike-specific antibodies was also observed, especially in ruxolitinib-treated patients. Our results, showing slow kinetics of antibody responses in MF patients following vaccination with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, support the need for a third vaccine dose.

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Comparative evaluation of three commercial Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibody avidity tests and significance in different clinical settings

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.006668-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 358-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Branko Bobić ◽

Ivana Klun ◽

Marija Vujanić ◽

Aleksandra Nikolić ◽

Vladimir Ivović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Settings ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Perfect Agreement ◽

Igg Avidity ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Set Up ◽

Kinetics Of

Determination of the avidity of specific IgG antibodies has become a generally accepted diagnostic aid for dating Toxoplasma infection. In this study, the Labsystems, VIDAS and EUROIMMUN Toxoplasma IgG avidity assays were compared on a series of 133 Toxoplasma IgG- and IgM-positive sera from symptomatic patients (n=28), from pregnant (n=43) and non-pregnant (n=26) women, and on 18 IgG-positive and IgM-negative sera from chronically infected patients. The results showed excellent concordance between the Labsystems and VIDAS tests in both the IgM-positive (r=0.82, κ=0.771) and IgM-negative (κ=0.609) sera, whilst the agreement of the EUROIMMUN assay with both the Labsystems and VIDAS tests in the IgM-positive sera was moderate (κ=0.575 and κ=0.525, respectively) and in the IgM-negative sera was poor (κ=0.000). Analysis of the kinetics of the maturation of avidity in 13 patients in whom follow-up sera were available showed that, despite a general trend of maturation, in two patients the avidity did not become high during 6 and 11 months of follow-up. In view of the clinical setting, in the symptomatic patients, despite one case of complete discrepancy and five cases of partial discrepancy, the Labsystems and VIDAS tests were in almost perfect agreement (κ=0.812), whilst the agreement in pregnant and non-pregnant women was substantial (κ=0.754 and κ=0.708, respectively). In conclusion, the Labsystems and VIDAS tests are equally reliable for the measurement of Toxoplasma IgG avidity; the choice of test should depend on the laboratory set-up. The EUROIMMUN test may be an acceptable alternative in resource-limited settings, but should be used prudently.

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The pronounced decline of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG and RBD IgG in baseline seronegative individuals 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination is consistent with the need for vaccine boosters

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1063499/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gian Luca Salvagno ◽

Brandon M. Henry ◽

Laura Pighi ◽

Simone De Nitto ◽

Gianluca Gianfilippi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Observational Study ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Receptor Binding Domain ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Timely Administration ◽

Median Rate

Abstract Background: This observational retrospective study aimed to define the kinetics of serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) spike trimeric and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibodies up to 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination. Methods: The sample consisted of 86 SARS-CoV-2 baseline seronegative subjects (median age 45 years, IQR 31-53 years; 52.3% females) undergoing vaccination with Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2. Blood was drawn before receiving the first and the second vaccine dose, as well as 1, 3 and 6 months after the second vaccine dose. The serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG and RBD IgG antibodies were assayed.Results: The peak of both antibodies types was reached 1 month after the second dose (2808 and 2163 BAU/mL for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG and RBD IgG), after which serum levels progressively declined, falling after 6 months to 486 BAU/mL and 167 BAU/mL for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG and RBD IgG, respectively. The median rate of 6-month decline was 85% and 93% for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG and RBD IgG, respectively. The rate of vaccine recipients with serum antibodies levels above the 80% threshold of vaccine efficacy declined from over 95% at the peak to 72% and 5% at 6 months for anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG and RBD IgG, respectively.Conclusions: The results of this retrospective observational study are consistent with the need for timely administration of vaccine boosters to prevent that humoral immunity will wane.

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Prospective Cohort Study of the Kinetics of Specific Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and to Four SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Available in Serbia, and Vaccine Effectiveness: A 3-Month Interim Report

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9091031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1031

Author(s):

Olivera Lijeskić ◽

Ivana Klun ◽

Marija Stamenov Djaković ◽

Nenad Gligorić ◽

Tijana Štajner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Life ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

Real Life Data ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Specific Igg Antibodies

Real-life data on the performance of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are still limited. We here present the rates of detection and levels of antibodies specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD (receptor binding domain) elicited by four vaccines available in Serbia, including BNT-162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), Gam-COVID-Vac (Gamaleya Research Institute) and ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca), compared with those after documented COVID-19, at 6 weeks and 3 months post first vaccine dose or post-infection. Six weeks post first vaccine dose, specific IgG antibodies were detected in 100% of individuals fully vaccinated with BNT-162b2 (n = 100) and Gam-COVID-Vac (n = 12) and in 81.7% of BBIBP-CorV recipients (n = 148), while one dose of ChAdOx1-S (n = 24) induced specific antibodies in 75%. Antibody levels elicited by BNT-162b2 were higher, while those elicited by BBIBP-CorV were lower, than after SARS-CoV-2 infection. By 3 months post-vaccination, antibody levels decreased but remained ≥20-fold above the cut-off in BNT-162b2 but not in BBIBP-CorV recipients, when an additional 30% were seronegative. For all vaccines, antibody levels were higher in individuals with past COVID-19 than in naïve individuals. A total of twelve new infections occurred within the first 3 months post-vaccination, eight after the first dose of BNT-162b2 and ChAdOx1-S (one each) and BBIBP-CorV (six), and four after full vaccination with BBIBP-CorV, but none required hospitalization.

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Vitamin D Supplementation and Serum Levels of Magne-sium and Selenium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Gender Dimorphic Changes

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000190 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nasser M. Al-Daghri ◽

Khalid M. Alkharfy ◽

Nasiruddin Khan ◽

Hanan A. Alfawaz ◽

Abdulrahman S. Al-Ajlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Serum Selenium ◽

Dependent Manner

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on circulating levels of magnesium and selenium in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 126 adult Saudi patients (55 men and 71 women, mean age 53.6 ± 10.7 years) with controlled T2DM were randomly recruited for the study. All subjects were given vitamin D3 tablets (2000 IU/day) for six months. Follow-up mean concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) vitamin D] significantly increased in both men (34.1 ± 12.4 to 57.8 ± 17.0 nmol/L) and women (35.7 ± 13.5 to 60.1 ± 18.5 nmol/L, p < 0.001), while levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreased significantly in both men (1.6 ± 0.17 to 0.96 ± 0.10 pmol/L, p = 0.003) and women (1.6 ± 0.17 to 1.0 ± 0.14 pmol/L, p = 0.02). In addition, there was a significant increase in serum levels of selenium and magnesium in men and women (p-values < 0.001 and 0.04, respectively) after follow-up. In women, a significant correlation was observed between delta change (variables at six months-variable at baseline) of serum magnesium versus high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (r = 0.36, p = 0.006) and fasting glucose (r = - 0.33, p = 0.01). In men, there was a significant correlation between serum selenium and triglycerides (r = 0.32, p = 0.04). Vitamin D supplementation improves serum concentrations of magnesium and selenium in a gender-dependent manner, which in turn could affect several cardiometabolic parameters such as glucose and lipids.

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Beurteilung der Adriamycin-Kardiotoxizität mittels der Äquilibrium-Radionuklid-Ventrikulographie

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1628890 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (05) ◽

pp. 206-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Knesewitsch ◽

N. H. Göldel ◽

S. Fritsch ◽

E. Moser

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricular ◽

Peak Filling Rate ◽

Base System ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Time To Peak ◽

Ejection Rate ◽

Follow Up Studies ◽

Pathologic Findings ◽

Peak Ejection Rate

Results of 606 equilibrium radionuclide ventriculographies (ERNV) performed in 348 non-selected patients receiving Adriamycin (ADM) therapy were stored in a data base system. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a potential cardiotoxic therapy on left ventricular pump function. Increasing ADM doses yielded a significant (p <0.05) decrease of the resting ejection fraction (R-gEF), the peak ejection rate and the peak filling rate. Enddiastolic and endsystolic volumes increased significantly. Stroke volume, heart rate and time to peak filling rate did not change significantly. 368 follow-up studies were performed in 128 patients: 65/128 patients presented a decrease of R-gEF, but only in 45 of these patients R-gEF values fell into the pathologic range. In 44 of these follow-ups, R-gEF remained unchanged. In 19 patients, a R-gEF increase was observed. At the beginning of ADM therapy 14% of the patients had subnormal R-gEF values. With increasing ADM doses pathologic findings increased to 86% in patients with ADM doses higher than 500 mg/m2.

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Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Low Free Testosterone Levels in Japanese Men with Well-controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Current HIV Research ◽

10.2174/1570162x18666200720000344 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 381-386

Author(s):

Yusuke Yoshino ◽

Ichiro Koga ◽

Yoshitaka Wakabayashi ◽

Takatoshi Kitazawa ◽

Yasuo Ota

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Free Testosterone ◽

Serum Levels ◽

University Hospital ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: The change in the prevalence of hypogonadism with age in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is subject to debate. Objective: To address this issue, we diagnosed hypogonadism based on serum levels of free testosterone (fTST) rather than total testosterone which is thought to be an inaccurate indicator. We also determined the relationship between age and fTST levels and identified risk factors for hypogonadism in men with HIV infection. Method: We retrospectively reviewed fTST levels and associated clinical factors in 71 wellcontrolled HIV-infected men who were treated at Teikyo University Hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 and who had data available on serum fTST levels, measured >6 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. fTST was measured using radioimmunoassay on blood samples collected in the morning. Risk factors for hypogonadism were identified using Welch’s t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The men had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 47.4 ± 13.6 years, and mean (± standard deviation) serum fTST level of 13.0 ± 6.1 pg/mL. Fifteen (21.1%) men had hypogonadism based on a fTST <8.5 pg/mL. Serum fTST levels significantly decreased with age (−0.216 pg/mL/year). Older age and low hemoglobin levels were identified as risk factors for hypogonadism. Conclusion: The men in the study experienced a more rapid decline in fTST levels with age than men in the general population (−0.161 pg/mL/year). Serum fTST levels in men with HIV infection should be monitored, especially in older men and those with low hemoglobin levels.

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