scholarly journals Delivery of selenium using chitosan nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant and growth effects in Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251786
Author(s):  
Juliana M. Araujo ◽  
Rodrigo Fortes-Silva ◽  
Cícero C. Pola ◽  
Fernando Y. Yamamoto ◽  
Delbert M. Gatlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Body Protein

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of selenium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles used as a dietary supplement on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) antioxidant and growth responses. First, chitosan-based nanoparticles containing selenium (Se) were synthesized using the ionotropic gelation method and their physicochemical characteristics, controlled release profile, and antioxidant activity properties were investigated. Thereafter, the effects on glutathione peroxidase and antioxidant activities (by radical scavenging activity), growth, and whole-body composition of Nile tilapia were evaluated when they were fed with Se-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and compared with other selenium dietary supplements. Se-loaded chitosan nanoparticles showed high entrapment efficiency (87%), spherical shape, smooth surface, and broad size distribution. The controlled release of Se consisted of an initial burst followed by a gradual release over 48 h. Se-loaded nanoparticles presented significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to free Se. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of supplementing different dietary Se sources, including selenomethionine (as organic source), sodium selenite (as inorganic source), and Se-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Se-Nano and Se-Nano x1.5) on antioxidant and growth responses of Nile tilapia. A basal diet without Se supplementation was used as the control. The dietary supplementations with different Se sources (free and encapsulated selenium) lead to significant improvements in final weight and feed efficiency of Nile tilapia fingerlings. However, dietary treatments did not affect whole-body protein and lipid content. Diets containing Se-Nano and Se-Nano x1.5 were more effective than sodium selenite and selenomethionine in preventing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant activity in Nile tilapia. Overall, Se-loaded nanoparticles presented a great potential as an efficient source for delivering dietary Se to Nile tilapia, directly affecting the growth performance, feed efficiency, oxidative stress, and antioxidant activity of this species.

scholarly journals Crude fat, digestible protein and DL-carnitine levels in plant-based diets to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-636
Author(s):  
Samantha Chung ◽  
Ricardo Yuji Sado ◽  
Álvaro José De Almeida Bicudo
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Digestible Protein

The chemical composition of diets is appointed as one responsible by different results of L-carnitine supplementation in fish. This study determined the effects of digestible dietary protein (DP; 250 and 290 g kg-1) and crude fat (CF; 100 and 150 g kg-1) at levels of DL-carnitine supplementation (DLC; 0 and 1.0 g kg-1) in plant based-diets on growth and whole-body composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (1.55 ± 0.03 g). Fish were hand-fed for 74 days, three times per day until apparent satiation, in a completely randomized experimental design, 2×2×2 factorial scheme (n = 3). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of DP, CF, and DLC, or interactions, on growth performance. There was a significant interaction between DP×CF; DP×DLC and DLC×CF on feed efficiency. There was interaction (P < 0.05) between CF×DLC on feed intake (DFI). The DLC supplementation in 100 g kg-1 CF diets increased DFI 5.6% more than fish fed with the same fat level without DLC. Whole-body protein decreased significantly due to DLC supplementation in fish fed with 150 g kg-1 CF diets. The level of DLC supplementation in Nile tilapia diets is variable and should consider the dietary CF levels, but not DP.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Genistein-Loaded Zein/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles with Improved Water Dispersibility, Enhanced Antioxidant Activity, and Controlled Release Property

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho ◽  
Yulian Chen ◽  
Yuanliang Wang ◽  
Zihao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Release Property ◽  
Water Dispersibility

Genistein is one of major isoflavones derived from soybean products and it is believed to have beneficial effects on human health. However, its low water-solubility and poor oral bioavailability severely hamper its use as a functional food ingredient or for pharmaceutical industry. In this study, zein and zein/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) nanoparticles were prepared to encapsulate genistein using a combined liquid–liquid phase separation method. The physicochemical properties of fabricated nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrated that genistein encapsulated with zein nanoparticles significantly improved its water dispersibility, antioxidant activity in the aqueous phase, and photostability against UV light. Moreover, genistein encapsulated in zein nanoparticles showed a sustained release property. Furthermore, it was found that encapsulation efficiency of genistein was significantly enhanced after CMCS coating, and this effect was more pronounced after the complex nanoparticles cross-linked with calcium ions when compared with the use of zein as a single encapsulant. In addition, compared to zein nanoparticles without biopolymer coating, CMCS coating significantly enhanced the thermal and storage stability of the formed nanoparticles, and delayed the release of genistein. A schematic diagram of zein and zein/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) nanoparticles formation mechanism for encapsulation of genistein was proposed. According to the results of the current study, it could be concluded that encapsulation of genistein in zein/CMCS nanoparticles is a promising approach to improve its water dispersibility, antioxidant activity, photostability against UV light and provide controlled release for food/pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of dietary protein and lipid on growth of Indian climbing perch, Anabas testudineus fry

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1512-1518
Author(s):  
B.D. Pawar ◽  
◽  
K. Samantaray ◽  
B. Sahu ◽  
K.N. Mohanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Lipid Requirement

Aim: To assess the optimum protein and lipid requirement of Anabas testudineus at its fry stage, based on the growth performance, feed efficiency and nutrient gain efficiency. Methodology: Eight experimental diets were prepared with four protein (35, 40, 45 and 50 %) and two lipid (9 and 13%) levels. The diets were designated as D1 (35 P/9L), D2 (35 P/13 L), D3 (40 P/9 L), D4 (40 P/13 L), D5 (45 P/9 L), D6 (45 P/13 L), D7 (50 P/9 L) and D8 (50 P/13 L). Each of the experimental diets was fed to triplicate groups of 10 fishes with an average individual body weight of 1.23 g in 24 glass aquaria. The diets were fed at about 4 % body weight per day in two equal rations for a period of 60 days. Results: Significantly (p<0.05) higher weight gain (428 %), specific growth rate (2.77 % day-1), feed efficiency ratio (0.69) and protein efficiency ratio (2.34) and lower (p > 0.05) food conversion ratio (1.45) was observed in fish fed with diet D5 (45% protein and 9% lipid). The nutrient retention parameters like protein retention, protein productive value, lipid productive value and apparent net protein utilization were also significantly (p < 0.05) high in the treatment group D-5 fed with diet containing 45% protein and 9% lipid. Significantly (P<0.05) higher whole body protein content was observed in the treatment group D5 (45% protein / 9% lipid) along with D4 and D6. Interpretation: The present findings on optimum protein and lipid requirement of 45% and 9%, respectively will help in formulating the cost-effective practical diets for Anabas testudineus fry, which is essentially required for quality seed production and grow out culture of this species in a commercial scale.

scholarly journals A Comparison between Chicken Viscera and Housefly Maggot Cultured from this By-products for Nile Tilapia Diets: Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Whole Body Composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Cayen S. Alofa ◽  
Youssouf Abou
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement ◽  
Chicken Viscera

Aims: The feeding trials were conducted to compare the effects of partial fishmeal replacement by two different animal protein sources on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and body composition of juvenile Nile tilapia. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Aquaculture Research Center, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University of Abomey-Calavi for a period of 84 days. Methodology: Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing fishmeal (CD), chicken viscera meal (CVM) and housefly maggot meal (HMM), as partial fishmeal replacement. Commercial diet Skretting (SK) was used as reference diet. All male Oreochromis niloticus with an average initial body weight of 8.65 g were fed thrice a day to apparent satiation. Each treatment was randomly attributed to three replicates. Results: Fish fed all experimental diets showed no effects (P>.05) on survival rate (91.33-96.00 %), condition factor (1.85-1.9), protein efficient ratio (2.05-2.37) and feed conversion ratio (1.21-1.40), although higher values were observed with control diets. Final mean weight and daily weight gain of fish fed HMM diet (88.31 g ; 0.95 g. days-1) were not significantly different from those fed control diets C (88.54 g; 0.95 g/j) and Sk (87.59 g; 0.94 g/j) respectively. Growth performances significantly decreased (P<.05) in CVM group (75.09 g; 0.75 ± g/j). Whole-body protein contents were similar in all groups, whereas lipid content was highest in those fed CVM. Conclusion: The results indicated that 200 g fishmeal per kilo diet can be successfully replaced with 250 g.Kg-1 of HMM without adverse effect on growth and feed utilization whereas CVM inclusion did not perform also well. 

scholarly journals Maintenance threonine requirement and efficiency of its use for accretion of whole-body threonine and protein in young chicks

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardy M Edwards III ◽  
David H Baker ◽  
Sergio R Fernandez ◽  
Carl M Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Maximal Weight ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids

Broiler chicks were fed on chemically-defined crystalline amino acid diets containing graded levels of L-threonine (Thr) during the period 10–20 d post-hatching. Doses of Thr represented 5,10,15,40,55,70 and 95% of its ideal level for maximal weight gain and feed efficiency. Other amino acids were maintained at minimized excess levels that were 15% (of ideal) above the various doses of Thr. Following 10d of feeding and a 24h fast, chicks were killed for whole-body protein and amino acid analysis. Using pen accretion means, weight gain (r20·98), protein accretion (r2 0·99), and Thr accretion (r2 0·99) were linear (P<0·01) functions of Thr intake. Slope of the Thr accretion regression line indicated that 82% of the Thr intake was recovered in whole-body protein. At zero Thr intake, chicks lost 11·9 mg Thr/d. The Thr maintenance requirement was 45·7 mg/d per kg body weight 0·75. Increasing doses of Thr resulted in increased (P<0·05) concentrations of methionine, isoleucine, histidine and lysine in whole-body protein. Other indispensable amino acids, including Thr, also tended to increase. Whole-body glycine, proline, serine and cystine concentrations decreased (P<0·05) as Thr was increased in the diet. The maintenance need for Thr represented 5·5% of the total need for Thr. The data suggest that efficiency of Thr utilization is constant at all levels of Thr intake between 5 and 95% of the level required for maximal weight gain and feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Lupine Seeds in Nile Tilapia Fish (O. niloticus) Suspected to Oxidative Stress Induced by Neemazal T/S

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Ashraf A. El-Badawi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameter ◽  
Antioxidant Efficiency ◽  
Lupine Seed ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

This study was designed to determine the effects of acute toxicity of NeemAzal T/S on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and to investigate the antioxidant effect of Lupine seeds on the gills and erythrocytes(EC) oxidative stress induced by NeemAzal T/S in Nile tilapia .Two doses of NeemAzal; 1/10 LC50:16 PPM (NA1) and 1/5 LC50:32 PPM (NA2) and three periods of 10, 20 and 30 days were used. Oxidative stress parameter, total peroxide (TP) and antioxidant enzyme activities, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glycemia were measured. NA2 markedly decreased CAT and SOD activities in gills and erythrocytes at most periods, but NA1 had less effect. In turn, both doses significantly enhanced TP levels in gills and EC. Moreover, hyperglycemia was detected 30 days after control (NA) exposure. LS significantly curtailed or abolished the adverse effect of NA exposure on oxidative and antioxidant parameters in gills and EC. This may be attributed to the hypoglycemic effect of LS as well as its antioxidant efficiency. In conclusion, Lupine seed exerts a potent antioxidant activity against oxidative damages induced by NeemAzal T/S in Nil tilapia fish.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 170-178 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12284 

scholarly journals Growth performance of African catfish (Clarias sp.) juvenile fed on the diets containing various chromium content

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
H. Aryansyah ◽  
I. Mokoginta ◽  
D. Jusadi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Chromium Level

<p>This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different dietary chromium level on the growth performance of catfish (<em>Clarias</em> sp.) juvenile. Five experimental diets contain different chromium level, namely diet A (as a control diet) 0.01; B 1.30; C 2.60; D 3.90 and E 5.20 mg/kg diet were used in this experiment. Fish with body weight of  5.57 ± 0.01 g/ind, fed on the experimental diet, twice a day, at satiation. Feeding trial was conducted for 60 days. Based on the evaluation of protein level of the whole body, protein and lipid retention, daily growth rate and feed efficiency, it was concluded that the optimum dietary chromium level for catfish  juvenile was 2.60 mg/kg diet.</p> <p>Keywords: chromium, growth, <em>Clarias</em> sp.</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kromium dengan level berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan ikan lele (<em>Clarias</em> sp.) juvenil.  Lima jenis pakan yang mengandung kromium berbeda, yaitu pakan A  (kontrol) 0,01; B 1,30; C 2,60; D 3,90 dan pakan E 5,20 mg/kg digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Ikan dengan bobot 5,57 ± 0,01 g/ind., diberi pakan 2 kali sehari secara satiasi.  Pemeliharaan ikan dilakukan selama 60 hari.  Berdasarkan analisa retensi protein, kandungan protein dan retensi lemak dalam tubuh ikan lele, disimpulkan bahwa kadar kromium yang optimum untuk juvenil ikan lele adalah 2,60 mg/kg pakan.</p> Kata kunci: kromium, pertumbuhan, <em>Clarias </em>sp.

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