scholarly journals Optical characterization of 3D printed PLA and ABS filaments for diffuse optics applications

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253181
Author(s):  
Caterina Amendola ◽  
Michele Lacerenza ◽  
Ileana Pirovano ◽  
Davide Contini ◽  
Lorenzo Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Diffuse Optics ◽  
Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

The interest for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in the field of Diffuse Optics (DO) is rapidly increasing. The most widespread FDM materials are polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), thanks to their low cost and easiness-to-print. This is why, in this study, 3D printed samples of PLA and ABS materials were optically characterized in the range from the UV up to the IR wavelengths, in order to test their possible employment for probe construction in DO applications. To this purpose, measurements with Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy techniques were considered. The results obtained show how the material employed for probe construction can negatively affect the quality of DO measurements.

Effect of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 919 ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Maloch ◽  
Eva Hnátková ◽  
Milan Žaludek ◽  
Petr Krátký
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Functional Components

3D printing technology enables the production of functional components in small quantities which can be used as end-use parts. The mechanical properties of the final product define its quality and determine its success or failure in a given application. One at the various additive manufacturing technologies - Fused Deposition Modelling is very often used due to its relatively low cost and the availability of 3D printers and thermoplastic materials. During the process, there are many factors that can affect the mechanical properties of the final product. The temperature of the extrusion nozzle and the layer thickness are two of the basic process parameters. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of these two processing parameters on the final mechanical properties of the 3D printed samples from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Mechanical testing includes the tensile and flexural strength, as well as tensile and flexural modulus.

scholarly journals Tensile Mechanical Behaviour of Multi-Polymer Sandwich Structures via Fused Deposition Modelling

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moises Baca Lopez ◽  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Homogeneous Materials ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
High Level

The application of single homogeneous materials produced through the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology restricts the production of high-level multi-material components. The fabrication of a sandwich-structured specimen with different material combinations using conventional thermoplastics such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) through the filament-based extrusion process can demonstrate an improvement on its properties. This paper aims to assess among these materials, the best material sandwich-structured arrangement design, to enhance the mechanical properties of a part and to compare the results with the homogeneous materials selected. The samples were subjected to tensile testing to identify the tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus of each material combination. The experimental results demonstrate that applying the PLA-ABS-PLA sandwich arrangement leads to the best mechanical properties between these materials. This study enables users to consider sandwich structure designs as an alternative to manufacturing multi-material components using conventional and low-cost materials. Future work will consider the flexural tests to identify the maximum stresses and bending forces under pressure.

Investigations for partial denture casting by fused deposition modelling-assisted chemical vapour smoothing

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-754
Author(s):  
Gurpartap Singh ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
S.S. Bal
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
View Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Set Up

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate dimensional accuracy (Δd), surface roughness (Ra) and micro hardness (HV) of partial dentures (PD) prepared with synergic combination of fused deposition modelling (FDM) assisted chemical vapour smoothing (CVS) patterns and conventional dental casting (DC) from multi-factor optimization view point. Design/methodology/approach The master pattern for PD was prepared with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic on FDM set-up (one of the low cost additive manufacturing process) followed by CVS process. The final PD as functional prototypes was casted with nickel–chromium-based (Ni-Cr) alloy by varying Ni% (Z). The other input parameters were powder to water ratio P/W (X) and pH value (Y) of water used. Findings The results of this study suggest that for controlling the Δd and Ra of the PD, most important factor is X, followed by Z. For hardness of PD, the most important factor is Z. But from overall optimization viewpoint, the best settings are X-100/12, Y-10 and Z-61% (in Ni-Cr alloy). Further, based upon X-bar chart (for HV), the FDM-assisted DC process used for preparation of PD is statistically controlled. Originality/value This study highlights that PD prepared with X-100/12, Y-10 and Z-61% gives overall better results from multi-factor optimization view point. Finally, X-bar chart has been plotted to understand the statistical nature of the synergic combination of FDM, CVS and DC.

scholarly journals Tribology behaviour investigation of 3D printed polymers

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
Márk Kovács ◽  
László Zsidai
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Friction Factors ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Difference

3D printing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) were used to prepare specimens utilising fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Two colours of PLA filament were printed; white and grey, whereas ABS only in white colour. Determining the tribological properties of 3D printed samples have been carried out, through obtaining the frictional features of different 3D printable filaments. Alternating-motion system employed for measuring the tribological factors. Studying the difference between static and dynamic friction factors and the examination of wear values were included. A comparison among the tribological behaviour of the 3D printed polymers has been investigated. The printed white ABS and PLA specimens show insignificant differences in the results tendency. On the contrary, the grey PLA exhibits a considerable variation due to the incredible growth in the coefficient of friction and wear average as well.

scholarly journals Representative Volume Element (RVE) Analysis for Mechanical Characterization of Fused Deposition Modeled Components

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3555
Author(s):  
Patrich Ferretti ◽  
Gian Maria Santi ◽  
Christian Leon-Cardenas ◽  
Elena Fusari ◽  
Giampiero Donnici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Volume Element ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Representative Volume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing processes have evolved considerably in the past years, growing into a wide range of products through the use of different materials depending on its application sectors. Nevertheless, the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique has proven to be an economically feasible process turning additive manufacture technologies from consumer production into a mainstream manufacturing technique. Current advances in the finite element method (FEM) and the computer-aided engineering (CAE) technology are unable to study three-dimensional (3D) printed models, since the final result is highly dependent on processing and environment parameters. Because of that, an in-depth understanding of the printed geometrical mesostructure is needed to extend FEM applications. This study aims to generate a homogeneous structural element that accurately represents the behavior of FDM-processed materials, by means of a representative volume element (RVE). The homogenization summarizes the main mechanical characteristics of the actual 3D printed structure, opening new analysis and optimization procedures. Moreover, the linear RVE results can be used to further analyze the in-deep behavior of the FDM unit cell. Therefore, industries could perform a feasible engineering analysis of the final printed elements, allowing the FDM technology to become a mainstream, low-cost manufacturing process in the near future.

The Study and Development of Factor Affecting the Smoothness in 3D Printed Part Surface Treatment via Acetone Vapor

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Ramil Kesvarakul ◽  
Khompee Limpadapun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Acetone Vapor ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has been extensively used in low-cost printers. However, the fundamental working principle (layered manufacturing) is resulted in the poor quality of the surface texture, the dimensional inaccuracy of fabricated parts, the limits its domain all issues often take place in precision industrial applications. In this paper, initially FDM based acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) model have been fabricated. In the post-processing stage, the vapor of acetone has been applied to the specimen. Then the changes in the surface finish and surface roughness have been investigated. The study highlighted that the post-processing of ABS specimen with acetone vapor treatment resulted in dramatic improvement of surface finish. Finally, parameter setting that gave the acceptable results while considering all the responses simultaneously.

scholarly journals Effects of In-Process Temperatures and Blending Polymers on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blends

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Muhammad Harris ◽  
Johan Potgieter ◽  
Hammad Mohsin ◽  
Karnika De Silva ◽  
Marie-Joo Le Guen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is a renowned commodity polymer for additive manufacturing, particularly fused deposition modelling (FDM). The recent large-scale applications of 3D-printed ABS require stable mechanical properties than ever needed. However, thermochemical scission of butadiene bonds is one of the contemporary challenges affecting the overall ABS stability. In this regard, literature reports melt-blending of ABS with different polymers with high thermal resistance. However, the comparison for the effects of different polymers on tensile strength of 3D-printed ABS blends was not yet reported. Furthermore, the cumulative studies comprising both blended polymers and in-process thermal variables for FDM were not yet presented as well. This research, for the first time, presents the statistical comparison of tensile properties for the added polymers and in-process thermal variables (printing temperature and build surface temperature). The research presents Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to explain the thermochemical reasons behind achieved mechanical properties. Overall, ABS blend with PP shows high tensile strength (≈31 MPa) at different combinations of in-process parameters. Furthermore, some commonalities among both blends are noted, i.e., the tensile strength improves with increase of surface (bed) and printing temperature.

scholarly journals Increasing the Tensile Strength of 3d printed Poly lactic Acid (PLA) Using Design of Experiments (DOE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Printing Speed

Experimental design has been used to determine outlying factors that affect tensile strength of fused deposition modelling 3D printed PLA parts. A two level, three factor full factorial experiments were utilized to determine the best combination of factors that yielded the highest tensile strength of PLA tensile dog bones manufactured in accordance with ASTM D638-14. PLA is particularly desirable due to its environmental friendliness, biodegradability, low cost, and low melting point, allowing it to be built on a non-heated platform without risk of toxic fumes. Increasing the tensile strength of PLA will allow PLA to be used in a wider range of applications that demand stronger plastic parts. The chosen factors were infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed. The tensile strength was affected by all factors and combinations except for high levels of infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and printing speed combined.

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